{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3100620737","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3038559","title":"Timing Predictability in High-Performance Computing With Probabilistic Real-Time","display_name":"Timing Predictability in High-Performance Computing With Probabilistic Real-Time","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3100620737","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3038559","mag":"3100620737"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.3038559","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3038559","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09261440.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09261440.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009005565","display_name":"Federico Reghenzani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1888-9579"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I93860229","display_name":"Politecnico di Milano","ror":"https://ror.org/01nffqt88","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Federico Reghenzani","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dipartimento di Elettronica, Informazione e Bioingegneria, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dipartimento di Elettronica, Informazione e Bioingegneria, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043333275","display_name":"Giuseppe Massari","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2302-4297"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I93860229","display_name":"Politecnico di Milano","ror":"https://ror.org/01nffqt88","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Giuseppe Massari","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dipartimento di Elettronica, Informazione e Bioingegneria, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dipartimento di Elettronica, Informazione e Bioingegneria, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052803987","display_name":"William Fornaciari","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8294-730X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I93860229","display_name":"Politecnico di Milano","ror":"https://ror.org/01nffqt88","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"William Fornaciari","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dipartimento di Elettronica, Informazione e Bioingegneria, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dipartimento di Elettronica, Informazione e Bioingegneria, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5009005565"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":2.3573,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":12,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88975046,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":null,"first_page":"208566","last_page":"208582"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10933","display_name":"Real-Time Systems Scheduling","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10933","display_name":"Real-Time Systems Scheduling","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10904","display_name":"Embedded Systems Design Techniques","score":0.9902999997138977,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10054","display_name":"Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques","score":0.986299991607666,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/predictability","display_name":"Predictability","score":0.8910068273544312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8678255081176758},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/probabilistic-logic","display_name":"Probabilistic logic","score":0.8063411712646484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exploit","display_name":"Exploit","score":0.7212888598442078},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.49762848019599915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/supercomputer","display_name":"Supercomputer","score":0.46528568863868713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/focus","display_name":"Focus (optics)","score":0.4374789595603943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resource","display_name":"Resource (disambiguation)","score":0.4223959743976593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.41046249866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parallel-computing","display_name":"Parallel computing","score":0.25080400705337524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.11047366261482239}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197640229","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2534066","display_name":"Predictability","level":2,"score":0.8910068273544312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8678255081176758},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49937458","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2599292","display_name":"Probabilistic logic","level":2,"score":0.8063411712646484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165696696","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11287","display_name":"Exploit","level":2,"score":0.7212888598442078},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.49762848019599915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83283714","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121117","display_name":"Supercomputer","level":2,"score":0.46528568863868713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192209626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190909","display_name":"Focus (optics)","level":2,"score":0.4374789595603943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206345919","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20380951","display_name":"Resource (disambiguation)","level":2,"score":0.4223959743976593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.41046249866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.25080400705337524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.11047366261482239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.3038559","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3038559","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09261440.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:3401697810724751b5adadeb2f58255a","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/3401697810724751b5adadeb2f58255a","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 8, Pp 208566-208582 (2020)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:re.public.polimi.it:11311/1152354","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9261440","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400312","display_name":"Virtual Community of Pathological Anatomy (University of Castilla La Mancha)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I79189158","host_organization_name":"University of Castilla-La Mancha","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79189158"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:zenodo.org:141275","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.openaccessrepository.it/record/141275","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402478","display_name":"INFM-OAR (INFN Catania)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210116497","host_organization_name":"Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Catania","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210116497"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.3038559","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3038559","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09261440.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5600000023841858,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6057169765","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"80113","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332999","funder_display_name":"Horizon 2020 Framework Programme"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7813337695","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"801137","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338336","funder_display_name":"H2020 Future and Emerging Technologies"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7967008902","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"801137","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332999","funder_display_name":"Horizon 2020 Framework Programme"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332999","display_name":"Horizon 2020 Framework Programme","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338336","display_name":"H2020 Future and Emerging Technologies","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3100620737.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3100620737.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":83,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W50083869","https://openalex.org/W115476871","https://openalex.org/W178312662","https://openalex.org/W238865394","https://openalex.org/W307918303","https://openalex.org/W390013279","https://openalex.org/W1487672852","https://openalex.org/W1527148394","https://openalex.org/W1596936080","https://openalex.org/W1815597787","https://openalex.org/W1837653564","https://openalex.org/W1968005108","https://openalex.org/W1971076731","https://openalex.org/W1979717209","https://openalex.org/W1981588964","https://openalex.org/W1992905533","https://openalex.org/W2006312753","https://openalex.org/W2015228575","https://openalex.org/W2021420860","https://openalex.org/W2025533349","https://openalex.org/W2036653031","https://openalex.org/W2051825851","https://openalex.org/W2087055960","https://openalex.org/W2098335003","https://openalex.org/W2098646592","https://openalex.org/W2100997884","https://openalex.org/W2108056055","https://openalex.org/W2108748002","https://openalex.org/W2109573501","https://openalex.org/W2120448109","https://openalex.org/W2122456939","https://openalex.org/W2135716575","https://openalex.org/W2137789311","https://openalex.org/W2142177861","https://openalex.org/W2144591434","https://openalex.org/W2146748753","https://openalex.org/W2148061077","https://openalex.org/W2156678748","https://openalex.org/W2240831688","https://openalex.org/W2258721404","https://openalex.org/W2297435753","https://openalex.org/W2394574738","https://openalex.org/W2463620187","https://openalex.org/W2507911155","https://openalex.org/W2613618711","https://openalex.org/W2621914145","https://openalex.org/W2622079307","https://openalex.org/W2724852082","https://openalex.org/W2727275878","https://openalex.org/W2760069133","https://openalex.org/W2786171709","https://openalex.org/W2792667249","https://openalex.org/W2807908139","https://openalex.org/W2885579974","https://openalex.org/W2899072036","https://openalex.org/W2909284260","https://openalex.org/W2913716837","https://openalex.org/W2915541671","https://openalex.org/W2938171715","https://openalex.org/W2946886159","https://openalex.org/W2947037148","https://openalex.org/W2968914085","https://openalex.org/W2972025803","https://openalex.org/W2983867490","https://openalex.org/W3009125215","https://openalex.org/W3014810041","https://openalex.org/W3021262354","https://openalex.org/W3026790172","https://openalex.org/W3037934759","https://openalex.org/W3099618317","https://openalex.org/W4231725524","https://openalex.org/W4240403904","https://openalex.org/W4242631161","https://openalex.org/W6602058072","https://openalex.org/W6604681715","https://openalex.org/W6607284781","https://openalex.org/W6613253128","https://openalex.org/W6631615826","https://openalex.org/W6651700774","https://openalex.org/W6680220220","https://openalex.org/W6740413631","https://openalex.org/W6762860991","https://openalex.org/W6763344050"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2726467123","https://openalex.org/W2064726690","https://openalex.org/W4254065731","https://openalex.org/W4252678288","https://openalex.org/W17155033","https://openalex.org/W1607297154","https://openalex.org/W4210820789","https://openalex.org/W2913177154","https://openalex.org/W4237782192","https://openalex.org/W4310836149"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Application":[0],"requirements":[1],"in":[2,96,181],"High-Performance":[3],"Computing":[4],"(HPC)":[5],"are":[6,23,70],"becoming":[7],"increasingly":[8],"exacting,":[9],"and":[10,77,83,117,130,184],"the":[11,52,56,65,80,93,97,107,125,135,141,150,175,189,192],"demand":[12],"for":[13,92],"computational":[14],"resources":[15],"is":[16,41,86],"rising.":[17],"In":[18,120,171],"parallel,":[19],"new":[20],"application":[21,127],"domains":[22],"emerging,":[24],"as":[25,27,31],"well":[26],"additional":[28],"requirements,":[29,129],"such":[30,169],"meeting":[32],"real-time":[33,137],"constraints.":[34],"This":[35],"requirement,":[36],"typical":[37],"of":[38,55,149,152,177,191],"embedded":[39,59],"systems,":[40],"difficult":[42],"to":[43,51,63,73,100,109,113,133,139,160,163,167],"guarantee":[44],"when":[45],"dealing":[46],"with":[47],"HPC":[48,161,182],"infrastructures,":[49],"due":[50],"intrinsic":[53],"complexity":[54],"system.":[57],"Traditional":[58],"systems":[60,162],"static":[61],"analyses":[62,91],"estimate":[64,114],"Worst-Case":[66],"Execution":[67],"Time":[68],"(WCET)":[69],"not":[71,87],"applicable":[72],"HPC,":[74],"because":[75],"modeling":[76],"analyzing":[78],"all":[79],"system's":[81],"hardware":[82],"software":[84],"components":[85],"practical.":[88],"Measurement-based":[89],"probabilistic":[90,136],"WCET":[94],"emerged":[95],"last":[98],"decade":[99],"overcome":[101],"these":[102],"issues,":[103],"but":[104],"it":[105],"requires":[106],"system":[108],"satisfy":[110,168],"certain":[111],"conditions":[112],"a":[115,146],"correct":[116],"safe":[118],"WCET.":[119],"this":[121,153],"work,":[122],"we":[123,131,155,173],"show":[124],"emerging":[126],"timing":[128],"propose":[132],"exploit":[134],"theory":[138],"achieve":[140],"required":[142],"time":[143],"predictability.":[144],"After":[145],"brief":[147],"recap":[148],"fundamentals":[151],"methodology,":[154],"focus":[156],"on":[157],"its":[158],"applicability":[159,190],"check":[164],"their":[165],"ability":[166],"conditions.":[170],"particular,":[172],"studied":[174],"advantages":[176],"having":[178],"heterogeneous":[179],"processors":[180],"nodes":[183],"how":[185],"resource":[186],"management":[187],"affects":[188],"proposed":[193],"technique.":[194]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-04-10T15:06:20.359241","created_date":"2020-11-23T00:00:00"}