{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3099750577","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3037956","title":"Binary Codes Based on Non-Negative Matrix Factorization for Clustering and Retrieval","display_name":"Binary Codes Based on Non-Negative Matrix Factorization for Clustering and Retrieval","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3099750577","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3037956","mag":"3099750577"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.3037956","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3037956","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09258904.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09258904.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103194659","display_name":"Jiang Xiong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0158-1399"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I50180762","display_name":"Chongqing Three Gorges University","ror":"https://ror.org/05rs3pv16","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I50180762"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiang Xiong","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Three Gorges Artificial Intelligence, Chongqing Three Gorges University, Chongqing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0158-1399","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Three Gorges Artificial Intelligence, Chongqing Three Gorges University, Chongqing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I50180762"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068489689","display_name":"Yingyin Tao","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I50180762","display_name":"Chongqing Three Gorges University","ror":"https://ror.org/05rs3pv16","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I50180762"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yingyin Tao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Internet of Things and Intelligent Control Technology, Chongqing Three Gorges University, Chongqing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8441-1357","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Internet of Things and Intelligent Control Technology, Chongqing Three Gorges University, Chongqing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I50180762"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100437784","display_name":"Meng Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9606-2382"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I50180762","display_name":"Chongqing Three Gorges University","ror":"https://ror.org/05rs3pv16","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I50180762"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Meng Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Intelligent Information Processing and Control of Chongqing Municipal Institutions of Higher Education, Chongqing Three Gorges University, Chongqing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Intelligent Information Processing and Control of Chongqing Municipal Institutions of Higher Education, Chongqing Three Gorges University, Chongqing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I50180762"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000100573","display_name":"Huaqing Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6310-8965"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142108993","display_name":"Southwest University","ror":"https://ror.org/01kj4z117","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142108993"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Huaqing Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6310-8965","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142108993"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":0.0958,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.41110827,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":93},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":null,"first_page":"207012","last_page":"207023"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10627","display_name":"Advanced Image and Video Retrieval Techniques","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10627","display_name":"Advanced Image and Video Retrieval Techniques","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10824","display_name":"Image Retrieval and Classification Techniques","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.9979000091552734,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/binary-code","display_name":"Binary code","score":0.5717215538024902},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/matrix-decomposition","display_name":"Matrix decomposition","score":0.5640839338302612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5151394605636597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cluster-analysis","display_name":"Cluster analysis","score":0.46981361508369446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/non-negative-matrix-factorization","display_name":"Non-negative matrix factorization","score":0.4588942527770996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hash-function","display_name":"Hash function","score":0.44879427552223206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.43728089332580566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/subspace-topology","display_name":"Subspace topology","score":0.436983585357666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/logical-matrix","display_name":"Logical matrix","score":0.42489710450172424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/binary-number","display_name":"Binary number","score":0.42117515206336975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.36489051580429077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.34723442792892456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.331448495388031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.2529450058937073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/eigenvalues-and-eigenvectors","display_name":"Eigenvalues and eigenvectors","score":0.15709805488586426}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63435697","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q864135","display_name":"Binary code","level":3,"score":0.5717215538024902},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42355184","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1361088","display_name":"Matrix decomposition","level":3,"score":0.5640839338302612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5151394605636597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73555534","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622825","display_name":"Cluster analysis","level":2,"score":0.46981361508369446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152671427","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10843505","display_name":"Non-negative matrix factorization","level":4,"score":0.4588942527770996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99138194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183427","display_name":"Hash function","level":2,"score":0.44879427552223206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.43728089332580566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32834561","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q660730","display_name":"Subspace topology","level":2,"score":0.436983585357666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163561899","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1994977","display_name":"Logical matrix","level":3,"score":0.42489710450172424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48372109","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3913","display_name":"Binary number","level":2,"score":0.42117515206336975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.36489051580429077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.34723442792892456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.331448495388031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.2529450058937073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158693339","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190524","display_name":"Eigenvalues and eigenvectors","level":2,"score":0.15709805488586426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781311116","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83306","display_name":"Group (periodic table)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94375191","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11205","display_name":"Arithmetic","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.3037956","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3037956","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09258904.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:996ac2b15f2d4e8a856287861b549ab9","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/996ac2b15f2d4e8a856287861b549ab9","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 8, Pp 207012-207023 (2020)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.3037956","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3037956","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09258904.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1285799110","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"cstc2019jcyj","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323172","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2314860798","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"KJQN201901218","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324805","funder_display_name":"Chongqing Municipal Education Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4414445566","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2017[1007","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320330209","funder_display_name":"Chongqing Municipal Development and Reform Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5173957308","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"cstc2019jcyj-bshX0101","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323172","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321546","display_name":"China Three Gorges University","ror":"https://ror.org/0419nfc77"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323172","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324805","display_name":"Chongqing Municipal Education Commission","ror":"https://ror.org/031nm5713"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320330197","display_name":"Chongqing Three Gorges University","ror":"https://ror.org/05rs3pv16"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320330209","display_name":"Chongqing Municipal Development and Reform Commission","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320330210","display_name":"Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Institutions of Higher Education","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3099750577.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3099750577.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":50,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1540764732","https://openalex.org/W1884731728","https://openalex.org/W1902027874","https://openalex.org/W1910300841","https://openalex.org/W1974647172","https://openalex.org/W1985417744","https://openalex.org/W1992371516","https://openalex.org/W2021954339","https://openalex.org/W2026034143","https://openalex.org/W2074668987","https://openalex.org/W2098693229","https://openalex.org/W2104819583","https://openalex.org/W2108119513","https://openalex.org/W2110096996","https://openalex.org/W2121647436","https://openalex.org/W2145349611","https://openalex.org/W2154872931","https://openalex.org/W2155151262","https://openalex.org/W2164338181","https://openalex.org/W2171700594","https://openalex.org/W2293597654","https://openalex.org/W2364980675","https://openalex.org/W2509903396","https://openalex.org/W2538995153","https://openalex.org/W2557489574","https://openalex.org/W2594227027","https://openalex.org/W2599837009","https://openalex.org/W2607323999","https://openalex.org/W2783376202","https://openalex.org/W2804176448","https://openalex.org/W2804454015","https://openalex.org/W2809034148","https://openalex.org/W2830365116","https://openalex.org/W2903254834","https://openalex.org/W2968571553","https://openalex.org/W2975548356","https://openalex.org/W2985049756","https://openalex.org/W2997770686","https://openalex.org/W3008534764","https://openalex.org/W3014247029","https://openalex.org/W3014673679","https://openalex.org/W3036388822","https://openalex.org/W3040012810","https://openalex.org/W3106512200","https://openalex.org/W4287904626","https://openalex.org/W6648560114","https://openalex.org/W6682644385","https://openalex.org/W6684181414","https://openalex.org/W6697214482","https://openalex.org/W6773014370"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2127243424","https://openalex.org/W4390394189","https://openalex.org/W2037504162","https://openalex.org/W2539013788","https://openalex.org/W2792706544","https://openalex.org/W1568451138","https://openalex.org/W2156699640","https://openalex.org/W2045265907","https://openalex.org/W2972997031","https://openalex.org/W3164627837"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Traditional":[0],"non-negative":[1,58,128],"matrix":[2,59,94],"factorization":[3,60,95],"methods":[4,53],"cannot":[5],"learn":[6],"the":[7,10,33,39,43,66,79,83,87,97,127,154],"subspace":[8,91],"from":[9,65],"high-dimensional":[11],"data":[12],"space":[13],"composed":[14,26],"of":[15,27,42,82,157],"binary":[16,28,63,89],"codes.":[17],"One":[18],"hopes":[19],"to":[20,61,77,162],"discover":[21],"a":[22,56,106,131,142],"compact":[23],"parts-based":[24],"representation":[25],"codes,":[29],"which":[30],"can":[31,102],"uncover":[32],"intrinsic":[34],"information":[35],"and":[36,54,86,130,148],"simultaneously":[37],"respect":[38],"geometric":[40],"structure":[41,81],"original":[44,67,84],"data.":[45,68],"For":[46],"this":[47,70],"purpose,":[48],"we":[49,72,112,140],"introduce":[50],"discrete":[51],"hashing":[52],"propose":[55],"novel":[57],"generate":[62],"codes":[64],"In":[69],"paper,":[71],"construct":[73],"an":[74,119],"affinity":[75],"graph":[76],"encode":[78],"geometrical":[80],"data,":[85],"learned":[88],"code":[90],"achieved":[92],"by":[93],"respects":[96],"structure.":[98],"The":[99],"proposed":[100],"problem":[101],"be":[103],"formulated":[104],"as":[105],"mixed":[107],"integer":[108,120],"optimization":[109,121],"problem.":[110,134],"Therefore,":[111],"transform":[113],"it":[114],"into":[115],"several":[116],"sub-problems":[117],"including":[118],"problem,":[122],"two":[123],"convex":[124],"problems":[125],"with":[126],"constraint":[129],"quadratic":[132],"programming":[133],"Optimizing":[135],"each":[136],"sub-problem":[137],"alternately":[138],"until":[139],"achieve":[141],"local":[143],"optimal":[144],"solution.":[145],"Image":[146],"clustering":[147],"retrieval":[149],"on":[150],"image":[151],"datasets":[152],"show":[153],"excellent":[155],"performance":[156],"our":[158],"method":[159],"in":[160],"comparison":[161],"other":[163],"dimensional":[164],"reduction":[165],"methods.":[166]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}