{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3099377273","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3037017","title":"Analog Vector-Matrix Multiplier Based on Programmable Current Mirrors for Neural Network Integrated Circuits","display_name":"Analog Vector-Matrix Multiplier Based on Programmable Current Mirrors for Neural Network Integrated Circuits","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3099377273","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3037017","mag":"3099377273"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.3037017","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3037017","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09252918.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09252918.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070300381","display_name":"Maksym Paliy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0996-7384"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I108290504","display_name":"University of Pisa","ror":"https://ror.org/03ad39j10","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I108290504"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Maksym Paliy","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Engineering, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Engineering, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I108290504"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088596296","display_name":"Sebastiano Strangio","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6984-1137"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I108290504","display_name":"University of Pisa","ror":"https://ror.org/03ad39j10","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I108290504"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sebastiano Strangio","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Engineering, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Engineering, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I108290504"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050014094","display_name":"Piero Ruiu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8614-4096"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I108290504","display_name":"University of Pisa","ror":"https://ror.org/03ad39j10","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I108290504"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Piero Ruiu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Engineering, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Engineering, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I108290504"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020430535","display_name":"Tommaso Rizzo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2527-713X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I108290504","display_name":"University of Pisa","ror":"https://ror.org/03ad39j10","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I108290504"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tommaso Rizzo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Engineering, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Engineering, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I108290504"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076267890","display_name":"Giuseppe Iannaccone","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3375-1647"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I108290504","display_name":"University of Pisa","ror":"https://ror.org/03ad39j10","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I108290504"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Giuseppe Iannaccone","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Engineering, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy","Quantavis s.r.l., Largo Padre Renzo Spadoni snc, Pisa, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Engineering, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I108290504"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Quantavis s.r.l., Largo Padre Renzo Spadoni snc, Pisa, Italy","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5070300381"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I108290504"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":2.3916,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":30,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89337,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":null,"first_page":"203525","last_page":"203537"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12808","display_name":"Ferroelectric and Negative Capacitance Devices","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12611","display_name":"Neural Networks and Reservoir Computing","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cmos","display_name":"CMOS","score":0.698012113571167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multiplier","display_name":"Multiplier (economics)","score":0.682364821434021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6686298847198486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/analog-multiplier","display_name":"Analog multiplier","score":0.602584719657898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.5719613432884216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/current-mirror","display_name":"Current mirror","score":0.53749018907547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/matrix-multiplication","display_name":"Matrix multiplication","score":0.5173046588897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/analogue-electronics","display_name":"Analogue electronics","score":0.5006453990936279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.4573511481285095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multiplication","display_name":"Multiplication (music)","score":0.44272613525390625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-circuit","display_name":"Electronic circuit","score":0.4372531771659851},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/analog-device","display_name":"Analog device","score":0.4154483377933502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.38743680715560913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.34093913435935974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/analog-signal","display_name":"Analog signal","score":0.30665621161460876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.24741163849830627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transistor","display_name":"Transistor","score":0.23893550038337708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-signal-processing","display_name":"Digital signal processing","score":0.21427014470100403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.20998623967170715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.13825181126594543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.12173166871070862}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46362747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173431","display_name":"CMOS","level":2,"score":0.698012113571167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124584101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1053266","display_name":"Multiplier (economics)","level":2,"score":0.682364821434021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6686298847198486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98142538","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q485005","display_name":"Analog multiplier","level":4,"score":0.602584719657898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.5719613432884216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173966970","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q786012","display_name":"Current mirror","level":4,"score":0.53749018907547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17349429","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1049914","display_name":"Matrix multiplication","level":3,"score":0.5173046588897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29074008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q174925","display_name":"Analogue electronics","level":3,"score":0.5006453990936279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.4573511481285095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780595030","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3860309","display_name":"Multiplication (music)","level":2,"score":0.44272613525390625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134146338","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1815901","display_name":"Electronic circuit","level":2,"score":0.4372531771659851},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90711627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3742408","display_name":"Analog device","level":4,"score":0.4154483377933502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.38743680715560913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.34093913435935974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13412647","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q174948","display_name":"Analog signal","level":3,"score":0.30665621161460876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.24741163849830627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172385210","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5339","display_name":"Transistor","level":3,"score":0.23893550038337708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84462506","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173142","display_name":"Digital signal processing","level":2,"score":0.21427014470100403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.20998623967170715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.13825181126594543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.12173166871070862},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84114770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46344","display_name":"Quantum","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139719470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39680","display_name":"Macroeconomics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.3037017","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3037017","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09252918.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arpi.unipi.it:11568/1065099","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9252918","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196265","display_name":"CINECA IRIS Institutial research information system (University of Pisa)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I108290504","host_organization_name":"University of Pisa","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I108290504"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:30aff9ae9f9e4a1a9b71bb4b91a49e41","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/30aff9ae9f9e4a1a9b71bb4b91a49e41","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 8, Pp 203525-203537 (2020)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:zenodo.org:4545810","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://zenodo.org/record/4545810","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access 8 203525-203537","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.3037017","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3037017","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09252918.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8999999761581421,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4163556149","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"876362","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4937468798","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"H2020","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5534206522","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"QUEFORMAL (Grant agreement ID: 829035)","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338336","funder_display_name":"H2020 Future and Emerging Technologies"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6392192822","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CHARM","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6579059629","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"829035","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332999","funder_display_name":"Horizon 2020 Framework Programme"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7541955253","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"876362","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327207","funder_display_name":"Electronic Components and Systems for European Leadership"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8916345972","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"829035","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8951702490","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ECSEL CHARM Project (contract no. 876362)","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327207","funder_display_name":"Electronic Components and Systems for European Leadership"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","display_name":"European Commission","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327207","display_name":"Electronic Components and Systems for European Leadership","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332999","display_name":"Horizon 2020 Framework Programme","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338336","display_name":"H2020 Future and Emerging Technologies","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3099377273.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3099377273.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":46,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W159438147","https://openalex.org/W1841592590","https://openalex.org/W1964276494","https://openalex.org/W1988401319","https://openalex.org/W1995314879","https://openalex.org/W1999085092","https://openalex.org/W2004823737","https://openalex.org/W2010216838","https://openalex.org/W2014307680","https://openalex.org/W2086659790","https://openalex.org/W2091902424","https://openalex.org/W2093219611","https://openalex.org/W2125010820","https://openalex.org/W2163605009","https://openalex.org/W2288365131","https://openalex.org/W2289252105","https://openalex.org/W2319920447","https://openalex.org/W2431931973","https://openalex.org/W2524428287","https://openalex.org/W2542214695","https://openalex.org/W2561926108","https://openalex.org/W2563468918","https://openalex.org/W2623735006","https://openalex.org/W2777372517","https://openalex.org/W2778345336","https://openalex.org/W2785784536","https://openalex.org/W2797406914","https://openalex.org/W2799616860","https://openalex.org/W2896122000","https://openalex.org/W2902138814","https://openalex.org/W2904299207","https://openalex.org/W2907996785","https://openalex.org/W2911475318","https://openalex.org/W2914469063","https://openalex.org/W2916933688","https://openalex.org/W2963326222","https://openalex.org/W2963374099","https://openalex.org/W2983160443","https://openalex.org/W3007231662","https://openalex.org/W3103169341","https://openalex.org/W6638783484","https://openalex.org/W6684191040","https://openalex.org/W6700264148","https://openalex.org/W6727208969","https://openalex.org/W6760192024","https://openalex.org/W6774382480"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2365016061","https://openalex.org/W1624706916","https://openalex.org/W2977189477","https://openalex.org/W4285819435","https://openalex.org/W3111330318","https://openalex.org/W1981652693","https://openalex.org/W2498536136","https://openalex.org/W2103066250","https://openalex.org/W2182785715","https://openalex.org/W1862020018"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,38,71],"propose":[1],"a":[2,13,105,124,134],"CMOS":[3,18,137],"Analog":[4],"Vector-Matrix":[5],"Multiplier":[6],"for":[7],"Deep":[8],"Neural":[9],"Networks,":[10],"implemented":[11,132],"in":[12,25,31,133],"standard":[14,135],"single-poly":[15,47,136],"180":[16],"nm":[17],"technology.":[19],"The":[20],"learning":[21],"weights":[22],"are":[23],"stored":[24],"analog":[26,42,69,79],"floating-gate":[27,48],"memory":[28],"cells":[29],"embedded":[30],"current":[32,59],"mirrors":[33],"implementing":[34],"the":[35,41,50,53,62,68,85],"multiplication":[36],"operations.":[37],"experimentally":[39],"verify":[40],"storage":[43],"capability":[44],"of":[45,52,56,65,67,102,117],"designed":[46],"cells,":[49],"accuracy":[51,93],"multiplying":[54],"function":[55],"proposed":[57,86,120],"tunable":[58],"mirrors,":[60],"and":[61,112],"effective":[63],"number":[64],"bits":[66],"operation.":[70],"perform":[72],"system-level":[73],"simulations":[74],"to":[75,95,109],"show":[76],"that":[77,128],"an":[78,91,99,113],"deep":[80],"neural":[81],"network":[82],"based":[83],"on":[84],"vector-matrix":[87],"multiplier":[88],"can":[89,130],"achieve":[90],"inference":[92],"comparable":[94],"digital":[96],"solutions":[97],"with":[98],"energy":[100],"efficiency":[101],"26.4":[103],"TOPs/J,":[104],"layer":[106],"latency":[107],"close":[108],"100":[110],"\u03bcs":[111],"intrinsically":[114],"high":[115],"degree":[116],"parallelism.":[118],"Our":[119],"design":[121],"has":[122],"also":[123],"cost":[125],"advantage,":[126],"considering":[127],"it":[129],"be":[131],"process":[138],"flow.":[139]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":9}],"updated_date":"2026-04-10T15:06:20.359241","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}