{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3095926378","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3036037","title":"The Application of Machine Learning in Self-Adaptive Systems: A Systematic Literature Review","display_name":"The Application of Machine Learning in Self-Adaptive Systems: A Systematic Literature Review","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3095926378","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3036037","mag":"3095926378"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.3036037","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3036037","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09249012.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09249012.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024712840","display_name":"Theresia Ratih Dewi Saputri","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9234-2889"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210113684","display_name":"Universitas Ciputra","ror":"https://ror.org/01zj4g759","country_code":"ID","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210113684"]}],"countries":["ID"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Theresia Ratih Dewi Saputri","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Informatics, Ciputra University, Surabaya, Indonesia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Informatics, Ciputra University, Surabaya, Indonesia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210113684"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059429771","display_name":"Seok Won Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8569-0236"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I57664883","display_name":"Ajou University","ror":"https://ror.org/03tzb2h73","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I57664883"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Seok-Won Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Artificial Intelligence, Ajou University, Suwon, South Korea","Department of Software and Computer Engineering, Ajou University, Suwon, South Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Artificial Intelligence, Ajou University, Suwon, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I57664883"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Software and Computer Engineering, Ajou University, Suwon, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I57664883"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5024712840"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210113684"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":10.2905,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":66,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98217941,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":null,"first_page":"205948","last_page":"205967"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.9962999820709229,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.9962999820709229,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10639","display_name":"Advanced Software Engineering Methodologies","score":0.9929999709129333,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12127","display_name":"Software System Performance and Reliability","score":0.9871000051498413,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adaptation","display_name":"Adaptation (eye)","score":0.8116726875305176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7889670729637146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.6037675738334656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adaptive-system","display_name":"Adaptive system","score":0.5575190186500549},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","score":0.5028113722801208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.46591782569885254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.4512254297733307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.4314260482788086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-system","display_name":"Software system","score":0.42568427324295044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.36461251974105835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-engineering","display_name":"Software engineering","score":0.33749282360076904}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139807058","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q352374","display_name":"Adaptation (eye)","level":2,"score":0.8116726875305176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7889670729637146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.6037675738334656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52970973","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2497134","display_name":"Adaptive system","level":2,"score":0.5575190186500549},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5028113722801208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.46591782569885254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.4512254297733307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.4314260482788086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149091818","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2429814","display_name":"Software system","level":3,"score":0.42568427324295044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.36461251974105835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.33749282360076904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.3036037","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3036037","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09249012.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:d48bcbf5dfb24075bd32822bf2b03b58","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/d48bcbf5dfb24075bd32822bf2b03b58","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 8, Pp 205948-205967 (2020)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.3036037","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3036037","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09249012.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2952214048","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2020R1F1A1075605","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","funder_display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5294868748","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NRF-2020R1F1A1075605","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","funder_display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5514975219","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2020R1F1A10","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","funder_display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7685055460","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Grant","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320328359","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Science and ICT, South Korea"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8765536664","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NRF-2020R1F1A1075605","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322030","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G982292920","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NRF-20","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","funder_display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320671","display_name":"National Research Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/05s0g1g46"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322030","display_name":"Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning","ror":"https://ror.org/032e49973"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","ror":"https://ror.org/013aysd81"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320328359","display_name":"Ministry of Science and ICT, South Korea","ror":"https://ror.org/01wpjm123"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3095926378.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3095926378.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":130,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W185896568","https://openalex.org/W186928727","https://openalex.org/W564030374","https://openalex.org/W917774098","https://openalex.org/W1520900153","https://openalex.org/W1539705164","https://openalex.org/W1564534945","https://openalex.org/W1629402489","https://openalex.org/W1771743772","https://openalex.org/W1877420198","https://openalex.org/W1886563687","https://openalex.org/W1895621607","https://openalex.org/W1911607013","https://openalex.org/W1964137226","https://openalex.org/W1970908687","https://openalex.org/W1974732535","https://openalex.org/W1990911977","https://openalex.org/W1992459170","https://openalex.org/W2002027556","https://openalex.org/W2007394274","https://openalex.org/W2011333764","https://openalex.org/W2013298510","https://openalex.org/W2013905949","https://openalex.org/W2018538061","https://openalex.org/W2032755292","https://openalex.org/W2041406539","https://openalex.org/W2044373560","https://openalex.org/W2047162235","https://openalex.org/W2049956083","https://openalex.org/W2050606033","https://openalex.org/W2055906872","https://openalex.org/W2055969211","https://openalex.org/W2057326075","https://openalex.org/W2059762443","https://openalex.org/W2062650739","https://openalex.org/W2073144970","https://openalex.org/W2075928395","https://openalex.org/W2078154269","https://openalex.org/W2085587001","https://openalex.org/W2086550037","https://openalex.org/W2094154178","https://openalex.org/W2099887413","https://openalex.org/W2100379517","https://openalex.org/W2100824238","https://openalex.org/W2106417311","https://openalex.org/W2108742123","https://openalex.org/W2109774570","https://openalex.org/W2110219867","https://openalex.org/W2113093526","https://openalex.org/W2118328848","https://openalex.org/W2121034600","https://openalex.org/W2128051862","https://openalex.org/W2129037776","https://openalex.org/W2142486130","https://openalex.org/W2143650210","https://openalex.org/W2143849994","https://openalex.org/W2148773675","https://openalex.org/W2151351443","https://openalex.org/W2155272711","https://openalex.org/W2158313839","https://openalex.org/W2159898039","https://openalex.org/W2164436780","https://openalex.org/W2168811232","https://openalex.org/W2172135069","https://openalex.org/W2315512848","https://openalex.org/W2329416911","https://openalex.org/W2337047819","https://openalex.org/W2345224123","https://openalex.org/W2507713329","https://openalex.org/W2508081211","https://openalex.org/W2521110016","https://openalex.org/W2523674396","https://openalex.org/W2533377459","https://openalex.org/W2535241623","https://openalex.org/W2568019971","https://openalex.org/W2573852514","https://openalex.org/W2615266814","https://openalex.org/W2620886478","https://openalex.org/W2629685832","https://openalex.org/W2724228406","https://openalex.org/W2732858770","https://openalex.org/W2743897093","https://openalex.org/W2758253540","https://openalex.org/W2766425260","https://openalex.org/W2771096702","https://openalex.org/W2782879278","https://openalex.org/W2783134749","https://openalex.org/W2790100386","https://openalex.org/W2790771222","https://openalex.org/W2793157084","https://openalex.org/W2794101494","https://openalex.org/W2796146433","https://openalex.org/W2884059452","https://openalex.org/W2889574132","https://openalex.org/W2896366213","https://openalex.org/W2903483594","https://openalex.org/W2907486960","https://openalex.org/W2907863521","https://openalex.org/W2908180689","https://openalex.org/W2912438158","https://openalex.org/W2914502888","https://openalex.org/W2919115771","https://openalex.org/W2919372546","https://openalex.org/W2940824918","https://openalex.org/W2945791330","https://openalex.org/W2951457852","https://openalex.org/W2954804991","https://openalex.org/W2954865956","https://openalex.org/W2968402350","https://openalex.org/W3101049346","https://openalex.org/W3141908281","https://openalex.org/W3208472860","https://openalex.org/W4229693055","https://openalex.org/W4230246937","https://openalex.org/W4234901124","https://openalex.org/W4235304875","https://openalex.org/W4244568856","https://openalex.org/W4250216069","https://openalex.org/W4256304192","https://openalex.org/W6607490726","https://openalex.org/W6633918694","https://openalex.org/W6637983935","https://openalex.org/W6663073223","https://openalex.org/W6675479428","https://openalex.org/W6676874512","https://openalex.org/W6740123586","https://openalex.org/W6748762886","https://openalex.org/W6749470980","https://openalex.org/W6750069894","https://openalex.org/W6802622130"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3093159647","https://openalex.org/W1585236401","https://openalex.org/W2076610045","https://openalex.org/W1966273264","https://openalex.org/W129183879","https://openalex.org/W2114015898","https://openalex.org/W2126134866","https://openalex.org/W1986088253","https://openalex.org/W2601049771","https://openalex.org/W1987612920"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Context:":[0],"Self-adaptive":[1],"systems":[2,36],"have":[3],"been":[4],"studied":[5],"in":[6,39,64,106,124,149,170,197],"software":[7,84,122],"engineering":[8],"over":[9],"the":[10,19,30,35,44,48,65,113,125,133,154,192],"past":[11],"few":[12],"decades":[13],"attempting":[14],"to":[15,27,82,86,117,120,190],"address":[16,87],"challenges":[17],"within":[18],"field.":[20],"There":[21],"is":[22],"a":[23,92,98],"continuous":[24],"significant":[25],"need":[26],"fully":[28],"understand":[29],"behavior":[31,45],"and":[32,144,157],"characteristics":[33],"of":[34,47,67,101,128,194],"that":[37,96,168],"operate":[38],"dynamic":[40,73],"environments.":[41],"By":[42],"learning":[43,69,104,196],"pattern":[46],"environment,":[49],"we":[50],"can":[51],"avoid":[52],"unnecessary":[53],"adaptations":[54],"imbalance":[55],"efforts":[56],"for":[57],"adaptation.":[58],"As":[59],"such,":[60],"there":[61],"exist":[62],"research":[63,140,188],"area":[66],"machine":[68,103,195],"aimed":[70],"at":[71],"understanding":[72],"environments":[74],"regarding":[75],"self-adaptive":[76,107,150,198],"systems.":[77,108,199],"Objective:":[78],"This":[79,137],"study":[80,184],"aims":[81],"help":[83,121],"practitioners":[85],"adaptation":[88,134,155],"concerns":[89],"by":[90,163],"performing":[91],"systematic":[93],"literature":[94],"review":[95,138,160],"provides":[97],"comprehensive":[99],"overview":[100],"using":[102],"(ML)":[105],"We":[109],"summarize":[110],"state-of-the-art":[111],"Of":[112],"ML":[114,129,147],"approaches":[115],"used":[116],"handle":[118],"self-adaptation":[119],"engineers":[123],"proper":[126],"selection":[127],"techniques":[130],"based":[131],"on":[132,146,153],"concern.":[135],"Method:":[136],"examines":[139],"published":[141],"between":[142],"2001":[143],"2019":[145],"implementation":[148],"systems,":[151],"focusing":[152],"aspects":[156],"purposes.":[158],"The":[159],"was":[161],"conducted":[162],"analyzing":[164],"major":[165],"scientific":[166],"databases":[167],"resulted":[169],"78":[171],"primary":[172],"studies":[173],"from":[174,177],"315":[175],"papers":[176],"an":[178],"automatic":[179],"search.":[180],"Result:":[181],"Finally,":[182],"this":[183],"recommends":[185],"three":[186],"future":[187],"directions":[189],"enhance":[191],"application":[193]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-31T07:56:22.981413","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
