{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3095467661","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3035748","title":"Toward Practical Digital Phase Alignment for Coherent Beam Combining in Multi-Aperture Free Space Coherent Optical Receivers","display_name":"Toward Practical Digital Phase Alignment for Coherent Beam Combining in Multi-Aperture Free Space Coherent Optical Receivers","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3095467661","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3035748","mag":"3095467661"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.3035748","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3035748","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09247963.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09247963.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089361033","display_name":"Chenjie Rao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3546-6076"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210138186","display_name":"Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics","ror":"https://ror.org/03c9ncn37","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210138186"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47720641","display_name":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00p991c53","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Chenjie Rao","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Engineering Laboratory for Next Generation Internet Access System, Wuhan, China","Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Engineering Laboratory for Next Generation Internet Access System, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210138186","https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021126261","display_name":"Sheng Cui","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2256-4424"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210138186","display_name":"Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics","ror":"https://ror.org/03c9ncn37","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210138186"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47720641","display_name":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00p991c53","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sheng Cui","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Engineering Laboratory for Next Generation Internet Access System, Wuhan, China","Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Engineering Laboratory for Next Generation Internet Access System, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210138186","https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081051868","display_name":"Yicong Tu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8719-6103"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210138186","display_name":"Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics","ror":"https://ror.org/03c9ncn37","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210138186"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47720641","display_name":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00p991c53","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yicong Tu","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Engineering Laboratory for Next Generation Internet Access System, Wuhan, China","Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Engineering Laboratory for Next Generation Internet Access System, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210138186","https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103244715","display_name":"Keji Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6033-1125"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210138186","display_name":"Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics","ror":"https://ror.org/03c9ncn37","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210138186"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47720641","display_name":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00p991c53","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Keji Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Engineering Laboratory for Next Generation Internet Access System, Wuhan, China","Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Engineering Laboratory for Next Generation Internet Access System, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210138186","https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100680704","display_name":"Deming Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5591-2929"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210138186","display_name":"Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics","ror":"https://ror.org/03c9ncn37","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210138186"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47720641","display_name":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00p991c53","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Deming Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Engineering Laboratory for Next Generation Internet Access System, Wuhan, China","Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Engineering Laboratory for Next Generation Internet Access System, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210138186","https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5089361033"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210138186","https://openalex.org/I47720641"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":0.936,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":14,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.75296798,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":null,"first_page":"202585","last_page":"202595"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10846","display_name":"Photonic Crystal and Fiber Optics","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10846","display_name":"Photonic Crystal and Fiber Optics","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10988","display_name":"Advanced Fiber Laser Technologies","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10232","display_name":"Optical Network Technologies","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/free-space","display_name":"Free space","score":0.6389415264129639},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/free-space-optical-communication","display_name":"Free-space optical communication","score":0.5852082967758179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5657092928886414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.5410605072975159},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beam","display_name":"Beam (structure)","score":0.47044721245765686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phase","display_name":"Phase (matter)","score":0.4536241888999939},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aperture","display_name":"Aperture (computer memory)","score":0.4232729375362396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.36205703020095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.3427055776119232},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optical-communication","display_name":"Optical communication","score":0.33684661984443665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acoustics","display_name":"Acoustics","score":0.1155322790145874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.11255434155464172}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2988672794","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11475","display_name":"Free space","level":2,"score":0.6389415264129639},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197000039","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2027432","display_name":"Free-space optical communication","level":3,"score":0.5852082967758179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5657092928886414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.5410605072975159},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168834538","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3705329","display_name":"Beam (structure)","level":2,"score":0.47044721245765686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44280652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q104837","display_name":"Phase (matter)","level":2,"score":0.4536241888999939},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78336883","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4779385","display_name":"Aperture (computer memory)","level":2,"score":0.4232729375362396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.36205703020095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.3427055776119232},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129404179","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1469765","display_name":"Optical communication","level":2,"score":0.33684661984443665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.1155322790145874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.11255434155464172},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.3035748","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3035748","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09247963.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:7b4d89df4d7446f390c47cf2c3308beb","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/7b4d89df4d7446f390c47cf2c3308beb","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 8, Pp 202585-202595 (2020)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.3035748","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3035748","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09247963.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1231421488","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"under","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2087396116","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"China","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2663736226","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61975063","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3156603168","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61975059","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3317480652","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Science","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5994120800","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Natural","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3095467661.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3095467661.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":25,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W814982120","https://openalex.org/W1974981797","https://openalex.org/W1986857512","https://openalex.org/W2047005436","https://openalex.org/W2051376072","https://openalex.org/W2065548910","https://openalex.org/W2076857926","https://openalex.org/W2092605574","https://openalex.org/W2294303839","https://openalex.org/W2484778522","https://openalex.org/W2488006548","https://openalex.org/W2490897802","https://openalex.org/W2492473372","https://openalex.org/W2591670180","https://openalex.org/W2767085642","https://openalex.org/W2990873002","https://openalex.org/W3010217702","https://openalex.org/W3020945733","https://openalex.org/W3175946027","https://openalex.org/W3202461337","https://openalex.org/W4241622334","https://openalex.org/W6661957154","https://openalex.org/W6669663856","https://openalex.org/W6734057836","https://openalex.org/W6743512223"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4323644463","https://openalex.org/W2019126040","https://openalex.org/W2038016357","https://openalex.org/W1487975641","https://openalex.org/W2090950564","https://openalex.org/W3118892941","https://openalex.org/W4386214712","https://openalex.org/W2389557767","https://openalex.org/W3191689016","https://openalex.org/W3098949437"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,106],"free":[1],"space":[2,68],"optical":[3,8,87,162],"communication":[4],"systems,":[5],"multi-aperture":[6],"coherent":[7,13],"receivers":[9,36,154],"based":[10,133,153],"on":[11,44,294],"digital":[12,46,71],"beam":[14],"combining":[15,119,126,131],"(D-CBC)":[16],"technique":[17],"can":[18,219,279],"provide":[19,287],"exceptionally":[20],"high":[21],"sensitivity":[22],"and":[23,67,117,128,151,160,255],"are":[24,138,169],"more":[25,223],"robust":[26],"to":[27,51,62,79,96,156,237,273],"the":[28,33,38,45,53,63,70,76,90,98,111,114,118,145,157,179,186,189,202,206,216,227,231,235,256,258,260,262,266,275],"atmosphere":[29],"turbulence":[30],"compared":[31],"with":[32,37,191,214,249],"single":[34],"aperture":[35],"same":[39,228],"collection":[40],"area.":[41],"D-CBC":[42],"relies":[43],"phase":[47,82,292],"alignment":[48,83,293],"algorithm":[49],"(PAA)":[50],"align":[52],"different":[54],"versions":[55],"of":[56,69,84,144,188,205],"signals":[57,88,207,236],"in":[58,195,208],"phase.":[59],"However,":[60],"due":[61],"limited":[64],"working":[65],"frequency":[66],"signal":[72,190],"processing":[73],"(DSP)":[74],"circuits,":[75],"main":[77],"obstacle":[78],"realizing":[80],"real-time":[81,296],"multiple":[85],"high-speed":[86],"is":[89,176,182,199,212,240,269],"computation":[91,99,115,146,180,217,245,277],"complexity.":[92],"Therefore,":[93],"we":[94,109],"need":[95],"minimize":[97],"complexity":[100,116,147,181,218,246,278],"while":[101,197],"guaranteeing":[102],"a":[103,192,295],"satisfactory":[104],"performance.":[105],"this":[107],"paper,":[108],"investigate":[110],"relationship":[112],"between":[113,234],"loss":[120],"(CL)":[121],"for":[122,148],"both":[123,149],"maximum":[124,244,276],"ratio":[125],"(MRC)":[127],"equal":[129],"gain":[130],"(EGC)":[132],"D-CBC.":[134],"Universal":[135],"analytical":[136,167],"expressions":[137,168],"deduced":[139],"that":[140,178],"allow":[141],"easy":[142],"minimization":[143],"MRC":[150],"EGC":[152,211],"according":[155],"prescribed":[158,267],"CL":[159,229,268],"input":[161,251],"signal-to-noise":[163],"ratios":[164],"(OSNRs).":[165],"The":[166,243,285],"validated":[170],"by":[171,185,201,222,282],"extensive":[172],"numerical":[173],"simulations.":[174],"It":[175],"demonstrated":[177],"mainly":[183],"determined":[184,200],"quality":[187,204],"larger":[193],"OSNR":[194,232,252],"MRC,":[196,215],"it":[198],"overall":[203],"EGC.":[209],"When":[210],"replaced":[213],"be":[220,238,280],"reduced":[221,281],"than":[224],"55%":[225],"at":[226],"when":[230,265],"difference":[233],"combined":[239],"above":[241],"10dB.":[242],"increases":[247],"exponentially":[248],"decreasing":[250],"lower":[253],"limit":[254],"smaller":[257],"CL,":[259],"steeper":[261],"slope.":[263],"Furthermore,":[264],"relaxed":[270],"from":[271],"0.1":[272],"0.5dB,":[274],"about":[283],"80%.":[284],"results":[286],"useful":[288],"guidelines":[289],"toward":[290],"practical":[291],"platform.":[297]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-04-13T07:58:08.660418","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}