{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3094977356","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3035747","title":"One-Class Learning Method Based on Live Correlation Loss for Face Anti-Spoofing","display_name":"One-Class Learning Method Based on Live Correlation Loss for Face Anti-Spoofing","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3094977356","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3035747","mag":"3094977356"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.3035747","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3035747","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09247987.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09247987.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014600444","display_name":"Seokjae Lim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5633-645X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24062138","display_name":"Konkuk University","ror":"https://ror.org/025h1m602","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24062138"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Seokjae Lim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5633-645X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24062138"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048067735","display_name":"Yongjae Gwak","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24062138","display_name":"Konkuk University","ror":"https://ror.org/025h1m602","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24062138"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yongjae Gwak","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24062138"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010430171","display_name":"Wonjun Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5121-5931"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24062138","display_name":"Konkuk University","ror":"https://ror.org/025h1m602","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24062138"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wonjun Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5121-5931","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24062138"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030155337","display_name":"Jong\u2010hyuk Roh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6269-7566"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142401562","display_name":"Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/03ysstz10","country_code":"KR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142401562","https://openalex.org/I2801339556","https://openalex.org/I4210144908","https://openalex.org/I4387152098"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jong-Hyuk Roh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute, Daejeon, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6269-7566","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute, Daejeon, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142401562"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046051955","display_name":"Sangrae Cho","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142401562","display_name":"Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/03ysstz10","country_code":"KR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142401562","https://openalex.org/I2801339556","https://openalex.org/I4210144908","https://openalex.org/I4387152098"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sangrae Cho","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute, Daejeon, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute, Daejeon, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142401562"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":0.8909,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":19,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.74238955,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":null,"first_page":"201635","last_page":"201648"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10828","display_name":"Biometric Identification and Security","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10828","display_name":"Biometric Identification and Security","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11448","display_name":"Face recognition and analysis","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12357","display_name":"Digital Media Forensic Detection","score":0.9830999970436096,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spoofing-attack","display_name":"Spoofing attack","score":0.8203635215759277},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8176369667053223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/liveness","display_name":"Liveness","score":0.7873786687850952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.6471190452575684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6390286684036255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biometrics","display_name":"Biometrics","score":0.6022276878356934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/facial-recognition-system","display_name":"Facial recognition system","score":0.499269962310791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedding","display_name":"Embedding","score":0.49549400806427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/correlation","display_name":"Correlation","score":0.47142595052719116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/face","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","score":0.46983855962753296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.4641121029853821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-watermarking","display_name":"Digital watermarking","score":0.41233718395233154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.39879509806632996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.3620748519897461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.1552172303199768},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.11378926038742065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.09192445874214172},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.07711479067802429}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167900197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11081100","display_name":"Spoofing attack","level":2,"score":0.8203635215759277},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8176369667053223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15569618","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3561421","display_name":"Liveness","level":2,"score":0.7873786687850952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.6471190452575684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6390286684036255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184297639","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177765","display_name":"Biometrics","level":2,"score":0.6022276878356934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31510193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1192553","display_name":"Facial recognition system","level":3,"score":0.499269962310791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41608201","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q980509","display_name":"Embedding","level":2,"score":0.49549400806427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117220453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5172842","display_name":"Correlation","level":2,"score":0.47142595052719116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779304628","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3503480","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","level":2,"score":0.46983855962753296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4641121029853821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150817343","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q875932","display_name":"Digital watermarking","level":3,"score":0.41233718395233154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.39879509806632996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.3620748519897461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.1552172303199768},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.11378926038742065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.09192445874214172},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.07711479067802429},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.3035747","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3035747","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09247987.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:47f5edc7969d452ba430a96855d5c2a8","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/47f5edc7969d452ba430a96855d5c2a8","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 8, Pp 201635-201648 (2020)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.3035747","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3035747","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09247987.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"No poverty","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/1","score":0.4300000071525574}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324891","display_name":"Iran Telecommunication Research Center","ror":"https://ror.org/01a3g2z22"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320328359","display_name":"Ministry of Science and ICT, South Korea","ror":"https://ror.org/01wpjm123"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335489","display_name":"Institute for Information and Communications Technology Promotion","ror":"https://ror.org/01g0hqq23"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3094977356.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3094977356.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":45,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1502160187","https://openalex.org/W1522301498","https://openalex.org/W1836465849","https://openalex.org/W1889383825","https://openalex.org/W1982209341","https://openalex.org/W2042883034","https://openalex.org/W2063661788","https://openalex.org/W2099471712","https://openalex.org/W2107227001","https://openalex.org/W2157825442","https://openalex.org/W2163487272","https://openalex.org/W2174309130","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2325939864","https://openalex.org/W2341318667","https://openalex.org/W2341528187","https://openalex.org/W2418633638","https://openalex.org/W2502312327","https://openalex.org/W2510926985","https://openalex.org/W2578178601","https://openalex.org/W2728977829","https://openalex.org/W2738874969","https://openalex.org/W2787613668","https://openalex.org/W2790392345","https://openalex.org/W2883750974","https://openalex.org/W2899771611","https://openalex.org/W2914785018","https://openalex.org/W2941396125","https://openalex.org/W2952476201","https://openalex.org/W2963656031","https://openalex.org/W2964003763","https://openalex.org/W2964121744","https://openalex.org/W3005973417","https://openalex.org/W3014655692","https://openalex.org/W3014899294","https://openalex.org/W3021389849","https://openalex.org/W3035263140","https://openalex.org/W3101998545","https://openalex.org/W4320013936","https://openalex.org/W6631190155","https://openalex.org/W6638667902","https://openalex.org/W6684314024","https://openalex.org/W6724804524","https://openalex.org/W6756040250","https://openalex.org/W6777494378"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2140593870","https://openalex.org/W3126377002","https://openalex.org/W2903861076","https://openalex.org/W2604576816","https://openalex.org/W4319078075","https://openalex.org/W2729608596","https://openalex.org/W2900020547","https://openalex.org/W3016508785","https://openalex.org/W2965549351","https://openalex.org/W2938917477"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"As":[0],"biometric":[1],"authentication":[2],"systems":[3],"are":[4,39,60,93,125,142,188],"popularly":[5],"used":[6],"in":[7,115],"various":[8,111,216],"mobile":[9],"devices,":[10],"e.g.,":[11],"smart-phones":[12],"and":[13,49,119,134,195,222],"tablets,":[14],"face":[15,73,82,205],"anti-spoofing":[16,74,206],"methods":[17],"have":[18,105],"been":[19],"actively":[20],"developed":[21],"for":[22,62,72,183,200],"the":[23,43,54,63,86,116,121,130,135,145,164,167,175,185,197,202,220,225],"high-level":[24],"security.":[25],"However,":[26],"most":[27],"previous":[28],"approaches":[29],"still":[30],"suffer":[31],"from":[32],"diverse":[33],"types":[34],"of":[35,46,154,160,166,204,224],"spoofing":[36,122],"attacks,":[37],"which":[38,104,124,187],"hardly":[40],"covered":[41],"by":[42,128],"limited":[44],"number":[45],"training":[47,184],"datasets,":[48],"thus":[50,196],"they":[51],"often":[52],"show":[53],"poor":[55],"accuracy":[56],"when":[57],"unseen":[58],"samples":[59],"given":[61,161],"test.":[64],"To":[65],"address":[66],"this":[67],"problem,":[68],"a":[69],"novel":[70],"method":[71,177],"is":[75,172],"proposed":[76,146,176,226],"based":[77],"on":[78,215],"one-class":[79],"(i.e.,":[80],"live":[81,87,98,112,168,180],"only)":[83],"learning":[84],"with":[85,96],"correlation":[88,148,169],"loss.":[89,170],"Specifically,":[90],"encoder-decoder":[91],"networks":[92],"firstly":[94],"trained":[95],"only":[97,178],"faces":[99],"to":[100,108,157,190,210],"extract":[101],"latent":[102],"features,":[103],"an":[106],"ability":[107],"compactly":[109],"represent":[110],"facial":[113,181],"properties":[114],"embedding":[117],"space":[118],"produce":[120],"cues,":[123],"simply":[126],"obtained":[127],"subtracting":[129],"original":[131],"RGB":[132],"image":[133],"generated":[136],"one.":[137],"After":[138],"that,":[139],"such":[140],"features":[141,162],"fed":[143],"into":[144],"feature":[147],"network":[149],"(FCN)":[150],"so":[151],"that":[152,174],"weights":[153],"FCN":[155],"learn":[156],"compute":[158],"\u201cliveness\u201d":[159],"under":[163],"guidance":[165],"It":[171],"noteworthy":[173],"requires":[179],"images":[182],"model,":[186],"easier":[189],"obtain":[191],"than":[192],"fake":[193],"ones,":[194],"generality":[198],"power":[199],"resolving":[201],"problem":[203],"can":[207],"be":[208,211],"expected":[209],"improved.":[212],"Experimental":[213],"results":[214],"benchmark":[217],"datasets":[218],"demonstrate":[219],"efficiency":[221],"robustness":[223],"method.":[227]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
