{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3096680399","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3035413","title":"Evolving Suspiciousness Metrics From Hybrid Data Set for Boosting a Spectrum Based Fault Localization","display_name":"Evolving Suspiciousness Metrics From Hybrid Data Set for Boosting a Spectrum Based Fault Localization","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3096680399","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3035413","mag":"3096680399"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.3035413","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3035413","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09247185.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09247185.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037408243","display_name":"Adekunle Ajibode","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9212-4566"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1328775524","display_name":"Zhejiang Sci-Tech University","ror":"https://ror.org/03893we55","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1328775524"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Adekunle Akinjobi Ajibode","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Science and Technology, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9212-4566","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Science and Technology, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1328775524"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004829174","display_name":"Ting Shu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5222-7608"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1328775524","display_name":"Zhejiang Sci-Tech University","ror":"https://ror.org/03893we55","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1328775524"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ting Shu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Science and Technology, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5222-7608","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Science and Technology, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1328775524"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077615805","display_name":"Zuohua Ding","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9671-7836"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1328775524","display_name":"Zhejiang Sci-Tech University","ror":"https://ror.org/03893we55","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1328775524"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zuohua Ding","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Science and Technology, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9671-7836","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Science and Technology, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1328775524"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5037408243"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1328775524"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":3.525,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":16,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93163789,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":null,"first_page":"198451","last_page":"198467"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10743","display_name":"Software Testing and Debugging Techniques","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10743","display_name":"Software Testing and Debugging Techniques","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11663","display_name":"Viral Infectious Diseases and Gene Expression in Insects","score":0.9972000122070312,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12423","display_name":"Software Reliability and Analysis Research","score":0.996399998664856,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/debugging","display_name":"Debugging","score":0.8072512149810791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7474076747894287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/genetic-programming","display_name":"Genetic programming","score":0.7472870349884033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/unix","display_name":"Unix","score":0.5599941611289978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.5518914461135864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metric","display_name":"Metric (unit)","score":0.5318025946617126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.4911176860332489},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fault","display_name":"Fault (geology)","score":0.4707762897014618},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-bug","display_name":"Software bug","score":0.4410790503025055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.426522433757782},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/genetic-algorithm","display_name":"Genetic algorithm","score":0.4131469130516052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.3565497100353241},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.3439558744430542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.21728089451789856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.2136133909225464}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168065819","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q845566","display_name":"Debugging","level":2,"score":0.8072512149810791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7474076747894287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110332635","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q629498","display_name":"Genetic programming","level":2,"score":0.7472870349884033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112968700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11368","display_name":"Unix","level":3,"score":0.5599941611289978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.5518914461135864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176217482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860554","display_name":"Metric (unit)","level":2,"score":0.5318025946617126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.4911176860332489},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175551986","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47089","display_name":"Fault (geology)","level":2,"score":0.4707762897014618},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1009929","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179550","display_name":"Software bug","level":3,"score":0.4410790503025055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.426522433757782},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8880873","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187787","display_name":"Genetic algorithm","level":2,"score":0.4131469130516052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.3565497100353241},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.3439558744430542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.21728089451789856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.2136133909225464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21547014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423657","display_name":"Operations management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165205528","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83371","display_name":"Seismology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.3035413","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3035413","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09247185.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:146d6f04ba6a401d90634f3cd80e49ca","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/146d6f04ba6a401d90634f3cd80e49ca","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 8, Pp 198451-198467 (2020)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.3035413","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3035413","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09247185.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2875184525","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61101111","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5507413539","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61572441","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6079566315","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"LY17F020033","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338464","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324847","display_name":"Zhejiang Sci-Tech University","ror":"https://ror.org/03893we55"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338464","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3096680399.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3096680399.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":52,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W66783427","https://openalex.org/W1574060188","https://openalex.org/W1843474218","https://openalex.org/W1970082412","https://openalex.org/W1981711716","https://openalex.org/W1992862603","https://openalex.org/W2003695679","https://openalex.org/W2010833880","https://openalex.org/W2013655083","https://openalex.org/W2033081802","https://openalex.org/W2033644368","https://openalex.org/W2036196659","https://openalex.org/W2052581380","https://openalex.org/W2062660493","https://openalex.org/W2065236359","https://openalex.org/W2070249305","https://openalex.org/W2101819268","https://openalex.org/W2102734438","https://openalex.org/W2109681145","https://openalex.org/W2110706065","https://openalex.org/W2119136132","https://openalex.org/W2128049346","https://openalex.org/W2133482825","https://openalex.org/W2134691366","https://openalex.org/W2137270184","https://openalex.org/W2137839528","https://openalex.org/W2143124879","https://openalex.org/W2144575244","https://openalex.org/W2145064897","https://openalex.org/W2150028049","https://openalex.org/W2153418968","https://openalex.org/W2156723666","https://openalex.org/W2157001542","https://openalex.org/W2162045655","https://openalex.org/W2162376048","https://openalex.org/W2165663378","https://openalex.org/W2166007208","https://openalex.org/W2166219513","https://openalex.org/W2169212615","https://openalex.org/W2324042828","https://openalex.org/W2343875716","https://openalex.org/W2620081107","https://openalex.org/W2733797843","https://openalex.org/W2745750801","https://openalex.org/W2804329188","https://openalex.org/W2962715466","https://openalex.org/W2999257849","https://openalex.org/W3103568582","https://openalex.org/W4236200536","https://openalex.org/W4241947695","https://openalex.org/W4243127898","https://openalex.org/W6659553708"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2740264376","https://openalex.org/W4206999239","https://openalex.org/W2161928627","https://openalex.org/W4388482952","https://openalex.org/W2900719967","https://openalex.org/W2786113878","https://openalex.org/W2727867943","https://openalex.org/W3015562293","https://openalex.org/W2787155073","https://openalex.org/W2621101275"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Spectrum":[0],"Based":[1],"Fault":[2],"Localization":[3],"(SBFL)":[4],"uses":[5,138],"different":[6,147],"metrics":[7,129,152],"called":[8],"risk":[9,67],"evaluation":[10,68],"formula":[11,69],"to":[12,49,75,114,123,141,145,196],"guide":[13],"and":[14,34,92,118,162,174,190],"pinpoint":[15],"faults":[16,85,95,112,173],"in":[17,159,171,176],"debugging":[18],"process.":[19],"The":[20,101,134,150,179],"accuracy":[21],"of":[22,73,89,109,127,169,186],"a":[23,193],"specific":[24],"SBFL":[25],"method":[26],"may":[27],"be":[28,47],"limited":[29],"by":[30,131],"the":[31,55,71,81,110,116,119,125,128,156,184],"used":[32,48,107],"formulae":[33,52,117,158,199],"program":[35,56,82],"spectra.":[36,57,83],"However,":[37],"it":[38],"has":[39],"been":[40],"demonstrated":[41],"recently":[42],"that":[43,183],"Genetic":[44,62,139],"Programming":[45,63,140],"could":[46],"automatically":[50],"design":[51],"directly":[53,79],"from":[54,80,86,96],"Therefore,":[58],"this":[59],"article":[60],"presents":[61],"approach":[64,102,136],"for":[65,200],"proposing":[66],"with":[70],"inclusion":[72],"radicals":[74],"evolve":[76,115,197],"suspiciousness":[77],"metric":[78],"92":[84],"Unix":[87],"utilities":[88],"SIR":[90],"repository":[91,98],"357":[93],"real":[94],"Defect4J":[97],"were":[99],"used.":[100],"combines":[103],"these":[104],"data":[105,188],"sets,":[106],"25%":[108],"total":[111],"(113)":[113],"remaining":[120],"75%":[121],"(336)":[122],"validate":[124],"effectiveness":[126],"generated":[130],"our":[132],"approach.":[133],"proposed":[135],"then":[137],"run":[142],"30":[143,148],"evolution":[144],"produce":[146],"metrics.":[149],"GP-generated":[151],"consistently":[153],"out-performed":[154],"all":[155],"classic":[157],"both":[160],"single":[161,172],"multiple":[163,177],"faults,":[164],"especially":[165],"OP2":[166],"on":[167],"average":[168],"2.25%":[170],"3.42%":[175],"faults.":[178],"experiment":[180],"results":[181],"conclude":[182],"combination":[185],"Hybrid":[187],"set":[189],"radical":[191],"is":[192],"good":[194],"technique":[195],"effective":[198],"spectra-based":[201],"fault":[202],"localization.":[203]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":7}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}