{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3097728828","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3034849","title":"An End-to-End Deep Learning Framework for Recognizing Human-to-Human Interactions Using Wi-Fi Signals","display_name":"An End-to-End Deep Learning Framework for Recognizing Human-to-Human Interactions Using Wi-Fi Signals","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3097728828","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3034849","mag":"3097728828"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.3034849","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3034849","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09243938.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09243938.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029787567","display_name":"Rami Alazrai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1296-0231"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I230091363","display_name":"German Jordanian University","ror":"https://ror.org/02jgpyd84","country_code":"JO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I230091363"]}],"countries":["JO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rami Alazrai","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, German Jordanian University, Amman, Jordan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1296-0231","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, German Jordanian University, Amman, Jordan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I230091363"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058665272","display_name":"Mohammad Hababeh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2488-4114"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I230091363","display_name":"German Jordanian University","ror":"https://ror.org/02jgpyd84","country_code":"JO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I230091363"]}],"countries":["JO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohammad Hababeh","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, German Jordanian University, Amman, Jordan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2488-4114","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, German Jordanian University, Amman, Jordan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I230091363"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071295192","display_name":"Baha A. Alsaify","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4314-2071"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I156983542","display_name":"Jordan University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03y8mtb59","country_code":"JO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I156983542"]}],"countries":["JO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Baha A. Alsaify","raw_affiliation_strings":["Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4314-2071","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I156983542"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074595900","display_name":"Mostafa Z. Ali","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3030-848X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I156983542","display_name":"Jordan University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03y8mtb59","country_code":"JO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I156983542"]}],"countries":["JO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mostafa Z. Ali","raw_affiliation_strings":["Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3030-848X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I156983542"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045110068","display_name":"Mohammad I. Daoud","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9399-5769"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I230091363","display_name":"German Jordanian University","ror":"https://ror.org/02jgpyd84","country_code":"JO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I230091363"]}],"countries":["JO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohammad I. Daoud","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, German Jordanian University, Amman, Jordan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9399-5769","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, German Jordanian University, Amman, Jordan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I230091363"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":3.4341,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":51,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9325171,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":null,"first_page":"197695","last_page":"197710"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10860","display_name":"Speech and Audio Processing","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12740","display_name":"Gait Recognition and Analysis","score":0.9915000200271606,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8359326720237732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7705629467964172},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.7339999675750732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.6797806024551392},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel-state-information","display_name":"Channel state information","score":0.6706360578536987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.6700849533081055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.616000771522522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.5473435521125793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/focus","display_name":"Focus (optics)","score":0.5200397968292236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.46090778708457947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.40975049138069153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.11852777004241943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.07449695467948914}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8359326720237732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7705629467964172},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.7339999675750732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.6797806024551392},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148063708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5072511","display_name":"Channel state information","level":3,"score":0.6706360578536987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.6700849533081055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.616000771522522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.5473435521125793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192209626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190909","display_name":"Focus (optics)","level":2,"score":0.5200397968292236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.46090778708457947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.40975049138069153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.11852777004241943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.07449695467948914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.3034849","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3034849","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09243938.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:7b3974a498df42c78c517bd2575fac20","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/7b3974a498df42c78c517bd2575fac20","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 8, Pp 197695-197710 (2020)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.3034849","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3034849","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09243938.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3097728828.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3097728828.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":59,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1977986674","https://openalex.org/W1983705368","https://openalex.org/W1989259731","https://openalex.org/W2040896935","https://openalex.org/W2053154970","https://openalex.org/W2053400188","https://openalex.org/W2054780155","https://openalex.org/W2076063813","https://openalex.org/W2089695767","https://openalex.org/W2095396347","https://openalex.org/W2097117768","https://openalex.org/W2097704579","https://openalex.org/W2141336889","https://openalex.org/W2153635508","https://openalex.org/W2164777277","https://openalex.org/W2170021941","https://openalex.org/W2172292165","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2249088156","https://openalex.org/W2279098554","https://openalex.org/W2338892592","https://openalex.org/W2345136132","https://openalex.org/W2469690627","https://openalex.org/W2508522990","https://openalex.org/W2525771685","https://openalex.org/W2534482106","https://openalex.org/W2592884824","https://openalex.org/W2594230123","https://openalex.org/W2598567806","https://openalex.org/W2616881109","https://openalex.org/W2626807326","https://openalex.org/W2741907166","https://openalex.org/W2743415265","https://openalex.org/W2763219399","https://openalex.org/W2765890301","https://openalex.org/W2781944640","https://openalex.org/W2783857023","https://openalex.org/W2796567768","https://openalex.org/W2820000974","https://openalex.org/W2888184955","https://openalex.org/W2897132279","https://openalex.org/W2899145720","https://openalex.org/W2900264681","https://openalex.org/W2902024067","https://openalex.org/W2919115771","https://openalex.org/W2937732254","https://openalex.org/W2944605902","https://openalex.org/W2944661854","https://openalex.org/W2952065976","https://openalex.org/W2962951526","https://openalex.org/W2967205117","https://openalex.org/W2980714463","https://openalex.org/W3006408325","https://openalex.org/W3025316048","https://openalex.org/W3045543146","https://openalex.org/W4239875977","https://openalex.org/W4253510307","https://openalex.org/W6680772378","https://openalex.org/W6695314431"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4293226380","https://openalex.org/W4375867731","https://openalex.org/W2611989081","https://openalex.org/W4313906399","https://openalex.org/W4226493464","https://openalex.org/W4312417841","https://openalex.org/W3193565141","https://openalex.org/W3133861977","https://openalex.org/W3167935049","https://openalex.org/W3029198973"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Channel":[0],"state":[1],"information":[2],"(CSI)-based":[3],"human":[4],"activity":[5,26,50],"recognition":[6,27,51,106,156,203],"plays":[7],"an":[8,90,201],"essential":[9],"role":[10],"in":[11],"various":[12],"application":[13],"domains,":[14],"such":[15],"as":[16,230,232],"security,":[17],"healthcare,":[18],"and":[19,105,123],"Internet":[20],"of":[21,44,59,74,162,172,191,205],"Things.":[22],"Most":[23],"existing":[24,61],"CSI-based":[25,49],"approaches":[28,62],"rely":[29],"on":[30,64],"manually":[31],"designed":[32,138],"features":[33,143,151],"that":[34,95,119,184,214,241],"are":[35,100,152],"classified":[36],"using":[37,84,178,225,236],"traditional":[38,243],"classification":[39],"methods.":[40],"Furthermore,":[41],"the":[42,60,72,101,112,127,145,149,155,160,163,211,222,233],"use":[43],"deep":[45,76,92,142],"learning":[46,77,93],"methods":[47,78],"for":[48],"is":[52,137,176],"still":[53],"at":[54],"its":[55],"infancy":[56],"with":[57,166],"most":[58],"focus":[63],"recognizing":[65],"single-human":[66],"activities.":[67],"The":[68,108,170],"current":[69],"study":[70],"explores":[71],"feasibility":[73],"utilizing":[75],"to":[79,139,154,158],"recognize":[80],"human-to-human":[81],"interactions":[82],"(HHIs)":[83],"CSI":[85,114,117,146,168,182],"signals.":[86],"Particularly,":[87],"we":[88],"introduce":[89],"end-to-end":[91],"framework":[94,175,199,217],"comprises":[96],"three":[97,226],"phases,":[98],"which":[99],"input,":[102],"feature":[103,128],"extraction,":[104],"phases.":[107],"input":[109],"phase":[110,157],"converts":[111],"raw":[113],"signals":[115],"into":[116],"images":[118],"comprise":[120],"time,":[121],"frequency,":[122],"spatial":[124],"information.":[125],"In":[126],"extraction":[129],"phase,":[130],"a":[131,179],"novel":[132],"convolutional":[133],"neural":[134],"network":[135],"(CNN)":[136],"automatically":[140],"extract":[141],"from":[144,187],"images.":[147],"Finally,":[148],"extracted":[150],"fed":[153],"identify":[159],"class":[161],"HHI":[164],"associated":[165],"each":[167],"image.":[169],"performance":[171],"our":[173,215],"proposed":[174,198,216],"assessed":[177],"publicly":[180],"available":[181],"dataset":[183],"was":[185],"acquired":[186],"40":[188],"different":[189,238],"pairs":[190],"subjects":[192],"while":[193],"performing":[194],"13":[195],"HHIs.":[196,209],"Our":[197],"achieved":[200,224],"average":[202],"accuracy":[204],"86.3%":[206],"across":[207],"all":[208],"Moreover,":[210],"experiments":[212],"indicate":[213],"enabled":[218],"significant":[219],"improvements":[220],"over":[221],"results":[223,234],"state-of-the-art":[227],"pre-trained":[228],"CNNs":[229],"well":[231],"obtained":[235],"four":[237],"conventional":[239],"classifiers":[240],"employs":[242],"handcrafted":[244],"features.":[245]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":9}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
