{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3097532528","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3034833","title":"Metasurface Matching Layers for Enhanced Electric Field Penetration Into the Human Body","display_name":"Metasurface Matching Layers for Enhanced Electric Field Penetration Into the Human Body","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3097532528","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3034833","mag":"3097532528"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.3034833","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3034833","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09245493.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09245493.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044291693","display_name":"Simone Genovesi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5323-1780"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I108290504","display_name":"University of Pisa","ror":"https://ror.org/03ad39j10","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I108290504"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Simone Genovesi","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy","ORCiD","Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell’Informazione, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5323-1780","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I108290504"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"ORCiD","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell’Informazione, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I108290504"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008900668","display_name":"I. Butterworth","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6251-0303"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","display_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/042nb2s44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ian Richard Butterworth","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079017401","display_name":"Jos\u00e9 E. Cruz Serrall\u00e9s","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3323-5688"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","display_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/042nb2s44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jose Enrique Cruz Serralles","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA","ORCiD"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3323-5688","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"ORCiD","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021651870","display_name":"Luca Daniel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5880-3151"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","display_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/042nb2s44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Luca Daniel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":27.741,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":36,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99140717,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":null,"first_page":"197745","last_page":"197756"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10069","display_name":"Antenna Design and Analysis","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10069","display_name":"Antenna Design and Analysis","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11392","display_name":"Energy Harvesting in Wireless Networks","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11383","display_name":"Advanced Antenna and Metasurface Technologies","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/impedance-matching","display_name":"Impedance matching","score":0.5905541181564331},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dielectric","display_name":"Dielectric","score":0.5737766027450562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electric-field","display_name":"Electric field","score":0.5670522451400757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.5506911277770996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5395907163619995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/permittivity","display_name":"Permittivity","score":0.503844678401947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acoustics","display_name":"Acoustics","score":0.49261265993118286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electromagnetic-radiation","display_name":"Electromagnetic radiation","score":0.48444250226020813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electromagnetic-field","display_name":"Electromagnetic field","score":0.4790585935115814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-impedance","display_name":"Electrical impedance","score":0.4361982047557831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biomedical-engineering","display_name":"Biomedical engineering","score":0.40343672037124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.3481210172176361},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optoelectronics","display_name":"Optoelectronics","score":0.33917152881622314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.24941971898078918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.20933547616004944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.20777693390846252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.13215157389640808}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C612350","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1761108","display_name":"Impedance matching","level":3,"score":0.5905541181564331},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133386390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184996","display_name":"Dielectric","level":2,"score":0.5737766027450562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60799052","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46221","display_name":"Electric field","level":2,"score":0.5670522451400757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.5506911277770996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5395907163619995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168651791","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q211569","display_name":"Permittivity","level":3,"score":0.503844678401947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.49261265993118286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149773537","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12969754","display_name":"Electromagnetic radiation","level":2,"score":0.48444250226020813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28843909","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177625","display_name":"Electromagnetic field","level":2,"score":0.4790585935115814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17829176","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179043","display_name":"Electrical impedance","level":2,"score":0.4361982047557831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136229726","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q327092","display_name":"Biomedical engineering","level":1,"score":0.40343672037124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.3481210172176361},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.33917152881622314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.24941971898078918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.20933547616004944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.20777693390846252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.13215157389640808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.3034833","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3034833","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09245493.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arpi.unipi.it:11568/1072760","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/11568/1072760","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196265","display_name":"CINECA IRIS Institutial research information system (University of Pisa)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I108290504","host_organization_name":"University of Pisa","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I108290504"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:d6742b1945bf4095b82a198361d65187","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/d6742b1945bf4095b82a198361d65187","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 8, Pp 197745-197756 (2020)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:dspace.mit.edu:1721.1/130945","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/130945","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400425","display_name":"DSpace@MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","host_organization_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE","raw_type":"http://purl.org/eprint/type/JournalArticle"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.3034833","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3034833","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09245493.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.8999999761581421}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320317295","display_name":"Dipartimenti di Eccellenza","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321873","display_name":"Ministero dell\u2019Istruzione, dell\u2019Universit\u00e0 e della Ricerca","ror":"https://ror.org/0166hxq48"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324499","display_name":"Universit\u00e0 di Pisa","ror":"https://ror.org/03ad39j10"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3097532528.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3097532528.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":46,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1492207133","https://openalex.org/W1524573041","https://openalex.org/W1533551974","https://openalex.org/W1949567415","https://openalex.org/W1982950589","https://openalex.org/W2023412501","https://openalex.org/W2033787590","https://openalex.org/W2069326401","https://openalex.org/W2074398350","https://openalex.org/W2074533489","https://openalex.org/W2097888382","https://openalex.org/W2098363004","https://openalex.org/W2115305326","https://openalex.org/W2123014679","https://openalex.org/W2123630670","https://openalex.org/W2130055348","https://openalex.org/W2134712150","https://openalex.org/W2152419968","https://openalex.org/W2156019569","https://openalex.org/W2156941713","https://openalex.org/W2158205304","https://openalex.org/W2162303533","https://openalex.org/W2162950140","https://openalex.org/W2163171438","https://openalex.org/W2163884578","https://openalex.org/W2169118340","https://openalex.org/W2169367099","https://openalex.org/W2170373923","https://openalex.org/W2314436361","https://openalex.org/W2324167527","https://openalex.org/W2334531660","https://openalex.org/W2344325044","https://openalex.org/W2346700996","https://openalex.org/W2571323602","https://openalex.org/W2588679294","https://openalex.org/W2614673681","https://openalex.org/W2755989957","https://openalex.org/W2759885802","https://openalex.org/W2772701249","https://openalex.org/W2774388102","https://openalex.org/W2805712682","https://openalex.org/W2906241890","https://openalex.org/W2920764461","https://openalex.org/W2929400133","https://openalex.org/W2963697579","https://openalex.org/W2992779789"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2087608731","https://openalex.org/W2145437567","https://openalex.org/W2371210267","https://openalex.org/W1973305287","https://openalex.org/W1486956228","https://openalex.org/W2904350067","https://openalex.org/W3089955042","https://openalex.org/W2765848447","https://openalex.org/W1552218349","https://openalex.org/W2136855998"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,111],"use":[1],"of":[2,41,53,77,97,113,142,155,171,181,188],"electromagnetic":[3,115,161],"fields":[4,162],"applied":[5],"to":[6,11,150],"human":[7],"tissues":[8],"has":[9],"proven":[10],"be":[12],"beneficial":[13],"in":[14,95],"several":[15],"applications,":[16],"such":[17,45],"as":[18],"monitoring":[19],"physiological":[20],"parameters":[21],"and":[22,56,99,103,185],"delivering":[23],"medical":[24],"treatments.":[25],"Often":[26],"applications":[27],"rely":[28,37],"on":[29,38,107,139],"targeted":[30,165],"energy":[31,49],"deposition":[32],"into":[33,82],"the":[34,47,51,54,58,66,69,75,78,83,114,123,129,140,153,156,160,164,172,179,186],"tissue,":[35],"or":[36],"wireless":[39],"powering":[40],"implanted":[42],"devices.":[43],"In":[44,72],"cases,":[46],"system":[48],"efficiency,":[50],"stability":[52],"field,":[55],"ultimately":[57],"process":[59],"safety":[60],"could":[61],"all":[62],"benefit":[63],"from":[64],"minimizing":[65],"mismatch":[67],"at":[68,192],"air-skin":[70],"interface.":[71],"this":[73],"article,":[74],"maximization":[76],"electric":[79],"field":[80,116],"transmitted":[81],"muscle":[84,166],"tissue":[85],"is":[86,125,148,174],"initially":[87],"addressed":[88],"by":[89,127],"optimizing":[90],"a":[91,118,143],"dielectric-only":[92],"matching":[93,145],"layer":[94,146],"terms":[96],"thickness":[98],"relative":[100],"dielectric":[101],"permittivity,":[102],"under":[104],"realistic":[105],"constraints":[106],"low-cost":[108],"available":[109],"materials.":[110],"propagation":[112],"inside":[117],"multilayered":[119],"medium":[120],"that":[121],"represents":[122],"body":[124],"evaluated":[126],"using":[128],"wave-transmission":[130],"chain":[131],"matrix":[132],"approach.":[133],"Furthermore,":[134],"an":[135,182],"innovative":[136],"solution,":[137],"based":[138],"application":[141],"metasurface":[144],"(MML),":[147],"proposed":[149],"significantly":[151],"improve":[152],"performance":[154,173],"matching,":[157],"thus":[158],"enhancing":[159],"reaching":[163],"tissue.":[167],"A":[168],"thorough":[169],"assessment":[170],"carried":[175],"out":[176],"considering":[177],"both":[178],"presence":[180],"air":[183],"gap,":[184],"case":[187],"plane":[189],"waves":[190],"impinging":[191],"oblique":[193],"incidence.":[194]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-06-18T10:00:31.954636","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}