{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3094465623","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3032582","title":"Unsupervised Monocular Training Method for Depth Estimation Using Statistical Masks","display_name":"Unsupervised Monocular Training Method for Depth Estimation Using Statistical Masks","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3094465623","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3032582","mag":"3094465623"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.3032582","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3032582","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09233348.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09233348.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016521627","display_name":"Xiangtong Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3986-2164"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24185976","display_name":"Sichuan University","ror":"https://ror.org/011ashp19","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24185976"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xiangtong Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24185976"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100318172","display_name":"Wei Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3786-4959"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24185976","display_name":"Sichuan University","ror":"https://ror.org/011ashp19","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24185976"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wei Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Key Laboratory of Fundamental Science On Synthetic Vision, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China","School of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Key Laboratory of Fundamental Science On Synthetic Vision, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24185976"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24185976"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069433780","display_name":"Menglong Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0948-6847"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24185976","display_name":"Sichuan University","ror":"https://ror.org/011ashp19","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24185976"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Menglong Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Key Laboratory of Fundamental Science On Synthetic Vision, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China","School of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Key Laboratory of Fundamental Science On Synthetic Vision, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24185976"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24185976"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053312229","display_name":"Peng Cheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9632-0636"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24185976","display_name":"Sichuan University","ror":"https://ror.org/011ashp19","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24185976"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peng Cheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Key Laboratory of Fundamental Science On Synthetic Vision, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China","School of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Key Laboratory of Fundamental Science On Synthetic Vision, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24185976"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24185976"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043900672","display_name":"Binbin Liang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7402-668X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24185976","display_name":"Sichuan University","ror":"https://ror.org/011ashp19","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24185976"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Binbin Liang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24185976"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5016521627"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24185976"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":0.0981,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.41862007,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":null,"first_page":"191530","last_page":"191541"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10531","display_name":"Advanced Vision and Imaging","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10531","display_name":"Advanced Vision and Imaging","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13114","display_name":"Image Processing Techniques and Applications","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.8561818599700928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pixel","display_name":"Pixel","score":0.8542330861091614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8311018347740173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/monocular","display_name":"Monocular","score":0.697537899017334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5816256999969482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.5806506872177124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/segmentation","display_name":"Segmentation","score":0.5588480830192566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.4997279644012451},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistic","display_name":"Statistic","score":0.41998291015625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.13081032037734985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.08194506168365479}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.8561818599700928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160633673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355198","display_name":"Pixel","level":2,"score":0.8542330861091614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8311018347740173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65909025","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1945033","display_name":"Monocular","level":2,"score":0.697537899017334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5816256999969482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.5806506872177124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.5588480830192566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.4997279644012451},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89128539","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1949963","display_name":"Statistic","level":2,"score":0.41998291015625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.13081032037734985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.08194506168365479}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.3032582","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3032582","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09233348.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:f6e9d230a68945afbc5ec1f0466cf1db","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/f6e9d230a68945afbc5ec1f0466cf1db","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 8, Pp 191530-191541 (2020)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.3032582","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3032582","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09233348.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1023919524","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":", Grant","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1111787899","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2018YFC0809500","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1121271761","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Program","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1231421488","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"under","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1890612771","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2018JY0602","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320333335","funder_display_name":"Sichuan Province Science and Technology Support Program"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2022132965","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2018GZDX0024","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320333335","funder_display_name":"Sichuan Province Science and Technology Support Program"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2087396116","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"China","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3317480652","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Science","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3435950671","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"and Gr","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G391238517","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":", and","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4066479486","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U1933134","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4811743277","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2018YFC","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5090880774","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U1833128","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5575368250","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2020YFG0134","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320333335","funder_display_name":"Sichuan Province Science and Technology Support Program"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5939423041","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Technology","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5994120800","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Natural","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8381184207","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2018YFC0809500","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8957489820","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2018SCUH0042","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322990","funder_display_name":"Sichuan University"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322990","display_name":"Sichuan University","ror":"https://ror.org/011ashp19"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320333335","display_name":"Sichuan Province Science and Technology Support Program","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3094465623.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3094465623.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":44,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W603908379","https://openalex.org/W1522301498","https://openalex.org/W1803059841","https://openalex.org/W1901129140","https://openalex.org/W1905829557","https://openalex.org/W1915250530","https://openalex.org/W1976804081","https://openalex.org/W2115579991","https://openalex.org/W2133665775","https://openalex.org/W2171740948","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2221366145","https://openalex.org/W2396274919","https://openalex.org/W2520707372","https://openalex.org/W2550402137","https://openalex.org/W2605938684","https://openalex.org/W2609883120","https://openalex.org/W2788857104","https://openalex.org/W2791390145","https://openalex.org/W2890949887","https://openalex.org/W2951234442","https://openalex.org/W2960206397","https://openalex.org/W2963481481","https://openalex.org/W2963549785","https://openalex.org/W2963583471","https://openalex.org/W2963654727","https://openalex.org/W2963825193","https://openalex.org/W2963891416","https://openalex.org/W2963906250","https://openalex.org/W2964121744","https://openalex.org/W2964968086","https://openalex.org/W2971000934","https://openalex.org/W2985775862","https://openalex.org/W2998802733","https://openalex.org/W6618372016","https://openalex.org/W6631190155","https://openalex.org/W6639824700","https://openalex.org/W6685261749","https://openalex.org/W6688822362","https://openalex.org/W6703405610","https://openalex.org/W6729541841","https://openalex.org/W6745858788","https://openalex.org/W6767088534","https://openalex.org/W6772261133"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2359776416","https://openalex.org/W3135697610","https://openalex.org/W4391621807","https://openalex.org/W2085033728","https://openalex.org/W4285411112","https://openalex.org/W2353788488","https://openalex.org/W2171299904","https://openalex.org/W1647606319","https://openalex.org/W2922442631","https://openalex.org/W200819717"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Recently,":[0],"unsupervised":[1],"monocular":[2],"training":[3],"methods":[4,27,67,111],"based":[5],"on":[6,112],"convolutional":[7],"neural":[8],"networks":[9,72],"have":[10],"already":[11],"shown":[12],"surprisingly":[13],"progress":[14],"in":[15,137],"improving":[16],"the":[17,23,53,60,65,94,113,123,128,132,135],"accuracy":[18],"of":[19,25,55,134],"depth":[20],"estimation.":[21],"However,":[22],"performance":[24,106],"these":[26],"suffers":[28],"deeply":[29],"from":[30,64],"problematic":[31,61,75,95],"pixels":[32],"such":[33],"as":[34],"occluded":[35],"pixels,":[36,38,76],"low-texture":[37],"and":[39,89,127],"so":[40],"on.":[41],"In":[42],"this":[43],"paper,":[44],"we":[45,77,117],"introduce":[46],"a":[47,50,79],"method":[48,103,121,136],"to":[49,73,83,122],"mask":[51,91],"by":[52],"statistic":[54],"error":[56],"maps":[57],"for":[58,92],"segmenting":[59],"pixels.":[62,96],"Different":[63],"conventional":[66],"which":[68],"use":[69,78],"additional":[70],"segmentation":[71],"classify":[74],"multi-task":[80],"learning":[81],"architecture":[82],"generate":[84],"identical":[85],"mask,":[86,88],"mean":[87],"variance":[90],"filtering":[93],"Experimental":[97],"results":[98,129],"show":[99],"that":[100],"our":[101,120],"proposed":[102],"has":[104],"satisfactory":[105],"compared":[107],"with":[108],"other":[109],"relative":[110],"KITTI":[114],"dataset.":[115],"Moreover,":[116],"also":[118,130],"apply":[119],"UAV":[124],"dataset":[125],"VisDrone,":[126],"indicate":[131],"effectiveness":[133],"detecting":[138],"moving":[139],"objects.":[140]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-13T07:58:08.660418","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}