{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3093915958","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3032141","title":"Tracking Knowledge Structures and Proficiencies of Students With Learning Transfer","display_name":"Tracking Knowledge Structures and Proficiencies of Students With Learning Transfer","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-10-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3093915958","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3032141","mag":"3093915958"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.3032141","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3032141","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09230428.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09230428.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030080621","display_name":"Hengyu Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6545-7181"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9224756","display_name":"Northeastern University","ror":"https://ror.org/03awzbc87","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9224756"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hengyu Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6545-7181","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9224756"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100718334","display_name":"Tiancheng Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6902-9299"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9224756","display_name":"Northeastern University","ror":"https://ror.org/03awzbc87","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9224756"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tiancheng Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6902-9299","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9224756"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084077142","display_name":"Fan Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0733-8237"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9224756","display_name":"Northeastern University","ror":"https://ror.org/03awzbc87","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9224756"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fan Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0733-8237","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9224756"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013145169","display_name":"Yu Gu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7422-6254"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9224756","display_name":"Northeastern University","ror":"https://ror.org/03awzbc87","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9224756"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yu Gu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7422-6254","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9224756"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072406974","display_name":"Ge Yu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3171-8889"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9224756","display_name":"Northeastern University","ror":"https://ror.org/03awzbc87","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9224756"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ge Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3171-8889","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9224756"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9224756"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":1.0721,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":21,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.82909182,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":null,"first_page":"55413","last_page":"55421"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11902","display_name":"Intelligent Tutoring Systems and Adaptive Learning","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11902","display_name":"Intelligent Tutoring Systems and Adaptive Learning","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11122","display_name":"Online Learning and Analytics","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10636","display_name":"Innovative Teaching and Learning Methods","score":0.9713000059127808,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6339254379272461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/knowledge-transfer","display_name":"Knowledge transfer","score":0.5469213128089905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/procedural-knowledge","display_name":"Procedural knowledge","score":0.5144860744476318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/forgetting","display_name":"Forgetting","score":0.4834757447242737},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/knowledge-level","display_name":"Knowledge level","score":0.46109262108802795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics-education","display_name":"Mathematics education","score":0.3698508143424988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.35973772406578064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/knowledge-engineering","display_name":"Knowledge engineering","score":0.34483659267425537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/knowledge-management","display_name":"Knowledge management","score":0.2595236897468567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.17985868453979492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.14954206347465515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-psychology","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","score":0.08388262987136841}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6339254379272461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776960227","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2586354","display_name":"Knowledge transfer","level":2,"score":0.5469213128089905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124469403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1813993","display_name":"Procedural knowledge","level":3,"score":0.5144860744476318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7149132","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1377840","display_name":"Forgetting","level":2,"score":0.4834757447242737},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776291881","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6423378","display_name":"Knowledge level","level":2,"score":0.46109262108802795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145420912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853077","display_name":"Mathematics education","level":1,"score":0.3698508143424988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.35973772406578064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84685590","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1540472","display_name":"Knowledge engineering","level":2,"score":0.34483659267425537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56739046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192060","display_name":"Knowledge management","level":1,"score":0.2595236897468567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.17985868453979492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.14954206347465515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.08388262987136841}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.3032141","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3032141","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09230428.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.atira.dk:publications/85f8f98d-c2a8-41c8-8e20-ef2c76bf3b21","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://vbn.aau.dk/da/publications/85f8f98d-c2a8-41c8-8e20-ef2c76bf3b21","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401731","display_name":"VBN Forskningsportal (Aalborg Universitet)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I891191580","host_organization_name":"Aalborg University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I891191580"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Liu, H, Zhang, T, Li, F, Gu, Y & Yu, G 2021, 'Tracking Knowledge Structures and Proficiencies of Students With Learning Transfer.', IEEE Access, bind 9, s. 55413-55421. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2020.3032141","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:8760ef22558d4e9fb08e5673e424945a","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/8760ef22558d4e9fb08e5673e424945a","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 9, Pp 55413-55421 (2021)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.3032141","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3032141","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09230428.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7200000286102295,"display_name":"Quality Education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2144831229","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61902055","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2715389736","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2019M651134","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321543","funder_display_name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2845204914","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U1811261","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5839286038","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"N180716010","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321543","display_name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/0426zh255"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3093915958.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3093915958.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":43,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W650350307","https://openalex.org/W1500188831","https://openalex.org/W1522301498","https://openalex.org/W1597703949","https://openalex.org/W1857177730","https://openalex.org/W1897162008","https://openalex.org/W1993277309","https://openalex.org/W1993753443","https://openalex.org/W2015040676","https://openalex.org/W2019512103","https://openalex.org/W2027170947","https://openalex.org/W2038059289","https://openalex.org/W2053590082","https://openalex.org/W2137245235","https://openalex.org/W2140310134","https://openalex.org/W2160920329","https://openalex.org/W2339508216","https://openalex.org/W2404715899","https://openalex.org/W2559094423","https://openalex.org/W2606500520","https://openalex.org/W2612290545","https://openalex.org/W2767413674","https://openalex.org/W2788574423","https://openalex.org/W2792805964","https://openalex.org/W2947092077","https://openalex.org/W2964121744","https://openalex.org/W2965671729","https://openalex.org/W2990907788","https://openalex.org/W2998725872","https://openalex.org/W3104946560","https://openalex.org/W3216769429","https://openalex.org/W4231434309","https://openalex.org/W4294170691","https://openalex.org/W6621483976","https://openalex.org/W6631190155","https://openalex.org/W6680830989","https://openalex.org/W6682691769","https://openalex.org/W6713317833","https://openalex.org/W6748409185","https://openalex.org/W6766582345","https://openalex.org/W6772180091","https://openalex.org/W6804198911","https://openalex.org/W7070499600"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2342033266","https://openalex.org/W997583959","https://openalex.org/W1538105803","https://openalex.org/W2125648149","https://openalex.org/W1993567425","https://openalex.org/W3125980359","https://openalex.org/W2162136979","https://openalex.org/W2185688330","https://openalex.org/W3005073182","https://openalex.org/W2361697694"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"online":[1],"intelligent":[2],"education":[3],"systems,":[4],"to":[5,10,20,82,100,191],"offer":[6],"proactive":[7],"studying":[8],"services":[9],"students":[11],"(e.g.,":[12],"learning":[13,35,78,122,185],"path":[14],"recommendation),":[15],"a":[16,90,134,151,159,173,212,220,242,255],"crucial":[17],"demand":[18],"is":[19,156],"track":[21,42,101],"students\u2019":[22,51,102],"knowledge":[23,38,43,52,57,64,74,103,114,117,135,144,160,175,195,208,222,227,236,257],"mastery":[24,53,69,104,200,216],"levels":[25],"over":[26,180,202],"time.":[27,203],"However,":[28],"existing":[29],"works":[30],"ignore":[31],"the":[32,109,121,184,193,207,231,235,267,273],"impact":[33],"of":[34,272],"transfer":[36,123],"on":[37,261],"tracing":[39],"and":[40,61,66,116,164,176,186,197,218,250,269],"only":[41],"proficiency.":[44],"Knowledge":[45,93],"proficiency":[46,118,196],"alone":[47],"cannot":[48],"fully":[49],"reflect":[50],"levels.":[54,105],"A":[55],"student\u2019s":[56,174,194,213,226,256],"structure":[58],"(the":[59],"similarities":[60],"differences":[62],"within":[63],"concepts)":[65],"abstract":[67,112,166,177,198,214],"principle":[68,167,170,178,199,215],"level":[70,201,217],"(common":[71],"attributes":[72],"among":[73,111,234],"concepts,":[75],"such":[76],"as":[77,158,189],"methods)":[79],"also":[80],"need":[81],"be":[83],"tracked.":[84],"To":[85],"this":[86],"end,":[87],"we":[88,107,129,182,205,240],"propose":[89],"novel":[91],"multilevel":[92],"Tracing":[94],"model":[95],"with":[96,133],"Learning":[97],"Transfer":[98],"(KTLT)":[99],"First,":[106],"clarify":[108],"relationships":[110],"principles,":[113],"structure,":[115],"by":[119,146,210,229,247],"utilizing":[120],"theory":[124],"in":[125,137],"educational":[126,148],"psychology.":[127],"Then,":[128],"associate":[130],"each":[131,139,154],"problem":[132,251],"vector":[136,161,168,179],"which":[138],"element":[140],"represents":[141],"an":[142,165],"explicit":[143],"concept":[145,209],"leveraging":[147],"priors":[149,190,252],"(i.e.,":[150],"Q-matrix).":[152],"Correspondingly,":[153],"student":[155,249],"represented":[157],"(knowledge":[162],"proficiency)":[163],"(abstract":[169],"mastery).":[171],"Given":[172],"time,":[181],"use":[183],"forgetting":[187],"curve":[188],"capture":[192],"Furthermore,":[204],"embed":[206],"using":[211],"obtain":[219],"personalized":[221],"relevance":[223],"matrix":[224,244],"(a":[225],"structure)":[228],"calculating":[230],"cosine":[232],"similarity":[233],"embedding":[237],"results.":[238],"Finally,":[239],"design":[241],"probabilistic":[243],"factorization":[245],"framework":[246],"combining":[248],"for":[253],"tracking":[254],"mastery.":[258],"Extensive":[259],"experiments":[260],"two":[262],"real-world":[263],"datasets":[264],"demonstrate":[265],"both":[266],"effectiveness":[268],"explanatory":[270],"ability":[271],"KTLT.":[274]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-30T17:31:21.811387","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
