{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3094038046","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3031974","title":"Unsupervised Learning Clustering and Dynamic Transmission Scheduling for Efficient Dense LoRaWAN Networks","display_name":"Unsupervised Learning Clustering and Dynamic Transmission Scheduling for Efficient Dense LoRaWAN Networks","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3094038046","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3031974","mag":"3094038046"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.3031974","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3031974","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09229061.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09229061.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043410606","display_name":"Mohammed Alenezi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9129-884X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I166337079","display_name":"Queen Mary University of London","ror":"https://ror.org/026zzn846","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I166337079"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mohammed Alenezi","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Queen Mary University of London, London, U.K"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9129-884X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Queen Mary University of London, London, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I166337079"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072260333","display_name":"Kok Keong Chai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9635-2956"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I166337079","display_name":"Queen Mary University of London","ror":"https://ror.org/026zzn846","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I166337079"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kok Keong Chai","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Queen Mary University of London, London, U.K"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Queen Mary University of London, London, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I166337079"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030715644","display_name":"Atm S. Alam","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8299-754X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I166337079","display_name":"Queen Mary University of London","ror":"https://ror.org/026zzn846","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I166337079"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Atm S. Alam","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Queen Mary University of London, London, U.K"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Queen Mary University of London, London, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I166337079"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084075594","display_name":"Yue Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5648-1155"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I166337079","display_name":"Queen Mary University of London","ror":"https://ror.org/026zzn846","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I166337079"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yue Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Queen Mary University of London, London, U.K"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Queen Mary University of London, London, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I166337079"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063183720","display_name":"Shihab Jimaa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9140-9108"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I176601375","display_name":"Khalifa University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05hffr360","country_code":"AE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I176601375"]}],"countries":["AE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shihab Jimaa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9140-9108","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I176601375"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5043410606"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I166337079"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":1.2482,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":29,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.79965204,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":null,"first_page":"191495","last_page":"191509"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12079","display_name":"IoT Networks and Protocols","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12079","display_name":"IoT Networks and Protocols","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11932","display_name":"Wireless Body Area Networks","score":0.9916999936103821,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12801","display_name":"Bluetooth and Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9825999736785889,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8710306286811829},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/retransmission","display_name":"Retransmission","score":0.8163450360298157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aloha","display_name":"Aloha","score":0.7862701416015625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.6545047163963318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-consumption","display_name":"Energy consumption","score":0.6458516120910645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cluster-analysis","display_name":"Cluster analysis","score":0.6300976276397705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-packet","display_name":"Network packet","score":0.5993759036064148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scheduling","display_name":"Scheduling (production processes)","score":0.5023086071014404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.4794232249259949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmission-delay","display_name":"Transmission delay","score":0.475900262594223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/default-gateway","display_name":"Default gateway","score":0.4573696255683899},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lpwan","display_name":"LPWAN","score":0.455425888299942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmission","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","score":0.44576725363731384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/efficient-energy-use","display_name":"Efficient energy use","score":0.4186771810054779},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.3991488814353943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wide-area-network","display_name":"Wide area network","score":0.28781628608703613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.24177652597427368},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/throughput","display_name":"Throughput","score":0.20387002825737},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.08272367715835571},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.0755353569984436}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8710306286811829},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180611318","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7316902","display_name":"Retransmission","level":3,"score":0.8163450360298157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776398200","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q508880","display_name":"Aloha","level":4,"score":0.7862701416015625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.6545047163963318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780165032","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16869822","display_name":"Energy consumption","level":2,"score":0.6458516120910645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73555534","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622825","display_name":"Cluster analysis","level":2,"score":0.6300976276397705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158379750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214111","display_name":"Network packet","level":2,"score":0.5993759036064148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206729178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2271896","display_name":"Scheduling (production processes)","level":2,"score":0.5023086071014404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.4794232249259949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108921912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7834639","display_name":"Transmission delay","level":3,"score":0.475900262594223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187713609","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2465461","display_name":"Default gateway","level":2,"score":0.4573696255683899},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776445043","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20706829","display_name":"LPWAN","level":3,"score":0.455425888299942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C761482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118093","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","level":2,"score":0.44576725363731384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2742236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q924713","display_name":"Efficient energy use","level":2,"score":0.4186771810054779},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.3991488814353943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776238582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11384","display_name":"Wide area network","level":2,"score":0.28781628608703613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.24177652597427368},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157764524","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1383412","display_name":"Throughput","level":3,"score":0.20387002825737},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.08272367715835571},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0755353569984436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21547014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423657","display_name":"Operations management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.3031974","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3031974","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09229061.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:f83f8693d2924501b83805ef4ec8f3ab","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/f83f8693d2924501b83805ef4ec8f3ab","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 8, Pp 191495-191509 (2020)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:qmro.qmul.ac.uk:123456789/68174","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/68174","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400530","display_name":"Queen Mary Research Online (Queen Mary University of London)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I166337079","host_organization_name":"Queen Mary University of London","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I166337079"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.3031974","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3031974","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09229061.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9100000262260437,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320311061","display_name":"Queen Mary University of London","ror":"https://ror.org/026zzn846"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320335","display_name":"Queen Mary, University of London","ror":"https://ror.org/026zzn846"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3094038046.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3094038046.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":45,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2063792093","https://openalex.org/W2101520336","https://openalex.org/W2114667155","https://openalex.org/W2116913505","https://openalex.org/W2254266375","https://openalex.org/W2499400668","https://openalex.org/W2512039970","https://openalex.org/W2520480241","https://openalex.org/W2599827832","https://openalex.org/W2611158330","https://openalex.org/W2613908548","https://openalex.org/W2756782458","https://openalex.org/W2765322180","https://openalex.org/W2766271146","https://openalex.org/W2771027669","https://openalex.org/W2774912636","https://openalex.org/W2793536121","https://openalex.org/W2800364811","https://openalex.org/W2885554650","https://openalex.org/W2894344029","https://openalex.org/W2913709008","https://openalex.org/W2917931339","https://openalex.org/W2920255502","https://openalex.org/W2920825303","https://openalex.org/W2930610231","https://openalex.org/W2935732466","https://openalex.org/W2958504493","https://openalex.org/W2963218670","https://openalex.org/W2965381466","https://openalex.org/W2980083559","https://openalex.org/W2980805633","https://openalex.org/W2981455641","https://openalex.org/W2992425464","https://openalex.org/W2996206570","https://openalex.org/W2996902911","https://openalex.org/W2999146029","https://openalex.org/W3009348923","https://openalex.org/W3038392368","https://openalex.org/W3042013116","https://openalex.org/W3042312637","https://openalex.org/W3046821903","https://openalex.org/W3047530211","https://openalex.org/W3081582540","https://openalex.org/W3087818652","https://openalex.org/W3098133185"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2945077279","https://openalex.org/W1482267514","https://openalex.org/W2150226815","https://openalex.org/W2141703834","https://openalex.org/W2064574209","https://openalex.org/W3093680223","https://openalex.org/W1531163446","https://openalex.org/W2672113043","https://openalex.org/W3023942032","https://openalex.org/W3148515310"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Long-Range":[0],"(LoRa)":[1],"communication":[2],"technology":[3],"is":[4,199],"considered":[5],"as":[6,64],"a":[7,89],"promising":[8],"connectivity":[9],"solutions":[10],"for":[11,142,202],"Internet":[12],"of":[13,38,54,150],"Things":[14],"(IoT)":[15],"dense":[16,203],"applications.":[17],"In":[18],"particular,":[19],"LoRa":[20,120],"has":[21],"drawn":[22],"the":[23,36,52,65,79,98,105,111,119,123,131,135,139,143,147,151,159,171,175,182,186,196],"interest":[24],"due":[25,50],"to":[26,51,71,103,137,146],"its":[27],"low":[28,164],"power":[29],"consumption":[30],"and":[31,47,82,109,115,168,189],"wide":[32],"area":[33],"coverage.":[34],"Despite":[35],"benefits":[37],"LoRaWAN":[39,188],"protocol,":[40],"it":[41],"still":[42],"suffers":[43],"from":[44],"excessive":[45],"random":[46],"simultaneous":[48],"transmissions":[49],"adoption":[53],"ALOHA":[55],"protocol.":[56],"Therefore,":[57,195],"resulting":[58],"in":[59,76,205],"severe":[60],"packet":[61,106,165],"collision":[62,107,166],"rate":[63,108,167],"network":[66,160],"scales":[67],"up.":[68],"This":[69,154],"leads":[70],"continuous":[72],"retransmission":[73],"attempts,":[74],"which":[75],"return":[77],"increase":[78],"transmission":[80,91,113,127,140,148,172],"delay":[81,114,173],"energy":[83,116,176],"consumption.":[84,117,177],"Thus,":[85],"this":[86],"paper":[87],"proposes":[88],"dynamic":[90,132],"Priority":[92],"Scheduling":[93],"Technique":[94],"(PST)":[95],"based":[96],"on":[97],"unsupervised":[99],"learning":[100],"clustering":[101,191],"algorithm":[102],"reduce":[104],"enhance":[110],"network's":[112],"Particularly,":[118],"gateway":[121,136],"classifies":[122],"nodes":[124,144],"into":[125],"different":[126],"priority":[128],"clusters.":[129,153],"While":[130],"PST":[133],"allows":[134,156],"configure":[138],"intervals":[141],"according":[145],"priorities":[149],"corresponding":[152],"work":[155,184,198],"scaling":[157],"up":[158],"density":[161],"while":[162],"maintaining":[163],"significantly":[169],"enhances":[170],"&":[174,192],"Simulation":[178],"results":[179],"show":[180],"that":[181],"proposed":[183,197],"outperforms":[185],"typical":[187],"recent":[190],"scheduling":[193],"schemes.":[194],"well":[200],"suited":[201],"applications":[204],"LoRaWAN.":[206]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
