{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3094615924","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3031393","title":"RUTUT: Roman Urdu to Urdu Translator Based on Character Substitution Rules and Unicode Mapping","display_name":"RUTUT: Roman Urdu to Urdu Translator Based on Character Substitution Rules and Unicode Mapping","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3094615924","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3031393","mag":"3094615924"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.3031393","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3031393","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09224843.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09224843.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005623740","display_name":"Mobeen Shahroz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1170-6335"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210102737","display_name":"Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0161dyt30","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210102737"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mobeen Shahroz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology, Punjab, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1170-6335","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology, Punjab, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210102737"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069021835","display_name":"Muhammad Faheem Mushtaq","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1922-6205"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210102737","display_name":"Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0161dyt30","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210102737"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Faheem Mushtaq","raw_affiliation_strings":["Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology, Punjab, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1922-6205","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology, Punjab, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210102737"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087270783","display_name":"Arif Mehmood","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5822-4005"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I174731842","display_name":"Islamia University of Bahawalpur","ror":"https://ror.org/002rc4w13","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I174731842"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Arif Mehmood","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5822-4005","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I174731842"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045335911","display_name":"Saleem Ullah","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3747-1263"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210102737","display_name":"Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0161dyt30","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210102737"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Saleem Ullah","raw_affiliation_strings":["Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology, Punjab, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3747-1263","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology, Punjab, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210102737"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044080887","display_name":"Gyu Sang Choi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0854-768X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55240360","display_name":"Yeungnam University","ror":"https://ror.org/05yc6p159","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55240360"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gyu Sang Choi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0854-768X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55240360"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5005623740"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210102737"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":0.952,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":13,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.81495247,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":null,"first_page":"189823","last_page":"189841"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11269","display_name":"Algorithms and Data Compression","score":0.9904000163078308,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10201","display_name":"Speech Recognition and Synthesis","score":0.9879000186920166,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/urdu","display_name":"Urdu","score":0.9581465721130371},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/unicode","display_name":"Unicode","score":0.8577766418457031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transliteration","display_name":"Transliteration","score":0.8325386047363281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.771955132484436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.5086327791213989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scripting-language","display_name":"Scripting language","score":0.4843791425228119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4340496361255646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.33348414301872253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linguistics","display_name":"Linguistics","score":0.21809491515159607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.17307737469673157}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777350258","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1617","display_name":"Urdu","level":2,"score":0.9581465721130371},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C500551929","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8819","display_name":"Unicode","level":2,"score":0.8577766418457031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C520968082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q134550","display_name":"Transliteration","level":2,"score":0.8325386047363281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.771955132484436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.5086327791213989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61423126","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187432","display_name":"Scripting language","level":2,"score":0.4843791425228119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4340496361255646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.33348414301872253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.21809491515159607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.17307737469673157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.3031393","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3031393","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09224843.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:13b8e047b8514576b2f2ce9d9d8ac2c9","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/13b8e047b8514576b2f2ce9d9d8ac2c9","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 8, Pp 189823-189841 (2020)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.3031393","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3031393","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09224843.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.7599999904632568,"display_name":"Quality Education"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1989376136","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NRF-2019R1A2C1006159","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","funder_display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6082346649","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"IITP-2020-2016-0-00313","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335489","funder_display_name":"Institute for Information and Communications Technology Promotion"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6354916557","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"IITP-2020-2016-0-00313","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324891","funder_display_name":"Iran Telecommunication Research Center"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6933364494","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"IITP-2020-2016-0-00313","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320328359","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Science and ICT, South Korea"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7250290495","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NRF-2019R1A2C1006159","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321408","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Education"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320671","display_name":"National Research Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/05s0g1g46"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321408","display_name":"Ministry of Education","ror":"https://ror.org/01p262204"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","ror":"https://ror.org/013aysd81"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324891","display_name":"Iran Telecommunication Research Center","ror":"https://ror.org/01a3g2z22"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320328359","display_name":"Ministry of Science and ICT, South Korea","ror":"https://ror.org/01wpjm123"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335489","display_name":"Institute for Information and Communications Technology Promotion","ror":"https://ror.org/01g0hqq23"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3094615924.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3094615924.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":89,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W22168010","https://openalex.org/W135458787","https://openalex.org/W152203974","https://openalex.org/W585740886","https://openalex.org/W1518957373","https://openalex.org/W1572758415","https://openalex.org/W1591706642","https://openalex.org/W1752235915","https://openalex.org/W1758586281","https://openalex.org/W1902237438","https://openalex.org/W1966385203","https://openalex.org/W1987535350","https://openalex.org/W2003759795","https://openalex.org/W2013790509","https://openalex.org/W2026539448","https://openalex.org/W2026868490","https://openalex.org/W2028406641","https://openalex.org/W2028581349","https://openalex.org/W2054460891","https://openalex.org/W2060772142","https://openalex.org/W2070845553","https://openalex.org/W2081580037","https://openalex.org/W2097952710","https://openalex.org/W2130942839","https://openalex.org/W2135091083","https://openalex.org/W2157331557","https://openalex.org/W2182117664","https://openalex.org/W2203890649","https://openalex.org/W2220350356","https://openalex.org/W2221009149","https://openalex.org/W2251105770","https://openalex.org/W2251951436","https://openalex.org/W2277200722","https://openalex.org/W2399053025","https://openalex.org/W2409439155","https://openalex.org/W2525778437","https://openalex.org/W2617241599","https://openalex.org/W2752750816","https://openalex.org/W2811217915","https://openalex.org/W2914111352","https://openalex.org/W2937626916","https://openalex.org/W2947567063","https://openalex.org/W2952524414","https://openalex.org/W2953998843","https://openalex.org/W2962732637","https://openalex.org/W2962968477","https://openalex.org/W2963194441","https://openalex.org/W2963404906","https://openalex.org/W2969026449","https://openalex.org/W2982516376","https://openalex.org/W3010785621","https://openalex.org/W3010851749","https://openalex.org/W3015983035","https://openalex.org/W3023648171","https://openalex.org/W3023803996","https://openalex.org/W3025740135","https://openalex.org/W3025955883","https://openalex.org/W3026419942","https://openalex.org/W3030320213","https://openalex.org/W3033674013","https://openalex.org/W3034342478","https://openalex.org/W3035408261","https://openalex.org/W3037992428","https://openalex.org/W3038622099","https://openalex.org/W3089271818","https://openalex.org/W3096295776","https://openalex.org/W3125733373","https://openalex.org/W3208602520","https://openalex.org/W4252503205","https://openalex.org/W4256553979","https://openalex.org/W4297712837","https://openalex.org/W6600880057","https://openalex.org/W6605572207","https://openalex.org/W6606227092","https://openalex.org/W6634343276","https://openalex.org/W6635590879","https://openalex.org/W6637786692","https://openalex.org/W6679436768","https://openalex.org/W6686148787","https://openalex.org/W6688806467","https://openalex.org/W6691496277","https://openalex.org/W6691739678","https://openalex.org/W6740486919","https://openalex.org/W6764879175","https://openalex.org/W6767293759","https://openalex.org/W6775395213","https://openalex.org/W6776882013","https://openalex.org/W6777088867","https://openalex.org/W6778624052"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W190438618","https://openalex.org/W2991574887","https://openalex.org/W4225972421","https://openalex.org/W1969629924","https://openalex.org/W2913997197","https://openalex.org/W3173558315","https://openalex.org/W188618586","https://openalex.org/W2369449536","https://openalex.org/W2182671947","https://openalex.org/W2077916898"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Urdu":[0,39,53,76,85,95,97,126,129,135,158,161,178,191,193],"language":[1,207],"written":[2],"in":[3,21,45,141,208,212],"English":[4,70,81],"alphabets":[5],"for":[6,54],"communication":[7],"is":[8,88,100,149,200],"known":[9],"as":[10],"Roman":[11,52,89,94,125,157,177,190],"Urdu.":[12,90],"In":[13,91],"pronunciation,":[14],"both":[15],"are":[16,37,233],"the":[17,28,55,61,119,124,134,152,156,170,189,228,254],"same":[18],"but":[19],"different":[20,25,182,230],"spelling":[22],"and":[23,40,66,110,164,180,215,235,244,264],"have":[24],"shapes":[26],"of":[27,60,104,146,172,250],"alphabet.":[29],"A":[30],"survey":[31],"acknowledges":[32],"that":[33,87,102,187,253],"300":[34],"million":[35,43],"people":[36],"speaking":[38],"about":[41],"11":[42],"speakers":[44],"Pakistan":[46],"from":[47,123],"which":[48,131],"maximum":[49],"users":[50],"prefer":[51],"textual":[56],"communication.":[57],"Today":[58],"most":[59],"modern":[62],"technologies":[63],"like":[64],"computers":[65],"mobile":[67],"phones":[68],"using":[69,203,223],"script,":[71],"due":[72],"to":[73,79,83,96,128,137,150,155,160],"this":[74,92,147],"local":[75],"user":[77],"has":[78],"use":[80],"letters":[82],"type":[84],"script":[86,127,130,159,162,194],"research,":[93],"Translator":[98],"(RUTUT)":[99],"proposed":[101,255],"consists":[103],"preprocessing":[105],"methods,":[106],"rule-based":[107],"character":[108,113,184],"substitution":[109,185],"Unicode":[111],"based":[112,168],"mapping":[114],"techniques.":[115],"It":[116],"can":[117],"transliterate":[118],"messages":[120],"or":[121],"descriptions":[122],"may":[132],"help":[133],"speaker":[136],"elaborate":[138],"their":[139],"message":[140],"efficient":[142],"manners.":[143],"The":[144,248],"focus":[145],"research":[148,175,199],"analyze":[151],"issues":[153],"related":[154],"transliteration":[163],"develop":[165],"a":[166,204],"translator":[167,243,263],"on":[169],"concepts":[171],"transliteration.":[173,247,267],"This":[174,198],"analyzed":[176],"data":[179],"identified":[181],"rules-based":[183],"techniques":[186],"transform":[188],"into":[192],"at":[195],"fundamental":[196],"levels.":[197],"carried":[201],"out":[202],"python":[205],"programming":[206,209],"tool":[210],"Anaconda":[211],"Jupiter":[213],"notebook":[214],"user-friendly":[216],"Graphical":[217],"User":[218],"Interface":[219],"(GUI)":[220],"created":[221],"by":[222],"Tkinter":[224],"library.":[225],"To":[226],"evaluate":[227],"RUTUT,":[229],"translational":[231],"tests":[232],"performed":[234],"compare":[236],"those":[237],"results":[238,251],"with":[239],"famous":[240],"Google":[241,261],"online":[242,246,262,266],"ijunoon":[245,265],"analyses":[249],"show":[252],"RUTUT":[256],"approach":[257],"translates":[258],"accurately":[259],"than":[260]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}