{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3094179451","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3030249","title":"Exploiting Category Similarity-Based Distributed Labeling for Fine-Grained Visual Classification","display_name":"Exploiting Category Similarity-Based Distributed Labeling for Fine-Grained Visual Classification","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3094179451","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3030249","mag":"3094179451"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.3030249","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3030249","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09220917.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09220917.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065805987","display_name":"Pengzhen Du","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2089-5617"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36399199","display_name":"Nanjing University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00xp9wg62","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36399199"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Pengzhen Du","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36399199"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073755558","display_name":"Zeren Sun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6262-5338"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36399199","display_name":"Nanjing University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00xp9wg62","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36399199"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zeren Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36399199"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027545344","display_name":"Yazhou Yao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0337-9410"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36399199","display_name":"Nanjing University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00xp9wg62","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36399199"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yazhou Yao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36399199"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100735663","display_name":"Zhenmin Tang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6708-2205"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36399199","display_name":"Nanjing University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00xp9wg62","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36399199"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhenmin Tang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36399199"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5065805987"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36399199"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":0.0982,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.41656131,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":null,"first_page":"186679","last_page":"186690"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10052","display_name":"Medical Image Segmentation Techniques","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12549","display_name":"Image and Object Detection Techniques","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7893020510673523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/similarity","display_name":"Similarity (geometry)","score":0.5698026418685913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5098275542259216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.4094746708869934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.09613582491874695}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7893020510673523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103278499","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q254465","display_name":"Similarity (geometry)","level":3,"score":0.5698026418685913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5098275542259216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4094746708869934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.09613582491874695}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.3030249","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3030249","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09220917.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:30fdbab835cf49bb9693104ab11b8afc","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/30fdbab835cf49bb9693104ab11b8afc","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 8, Pp 186679-186690 (2020)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.3030249","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3030249","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09220917.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","score":0.7599999904632568}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1231421488","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"under","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1285748160","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"30920021135","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2087396116","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"China","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2376276132","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"China","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3317480652","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Science","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G391238517","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":", and","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5994120800","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Natural","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7000730516","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61976116","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8951484681","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Grant","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3094179451.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3094179451.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":86,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W56385144","https://openalex.org/W1030521295","https://openalex.org/W1531492214","https://openalex.org/W1686810756","https://openalex.org/W1797268635","https://openalex.org/W1846799578","https://openalex.org/W1898560071","https://openalex.org/W1954152232","https://openalex.org/W1955942245","https://openalex.org/W1977295328","https://openalex.org/W1984514441","https://openalex.org/W2097117768","https://openalex.org/W2099471712","https://openalex.org/W2108598243","https://openalex.org/W2117539524","https://openalex.org/W2138011018","https://openalex.org/W2150856297","https://openalex.org/W2183341477","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2196615847","https://openalex.org/W2202499615","https://openalex.org/W2207849498","https://openalex.org/W2287418003","https://openalex.org/W2398118205","https://openalex.org/W2515116636","https://openalex.org/W2520774990","https://openalex.org/W2554320282","https://openalex.org/W2560552919","https://openalex.org/W2581377246","https://openalex.org/W2585635281","https://openalex.org/W2604702198","https://openalex.org/W2606128082","https://openalex.org/W2613763509","https://openalex.org/W2731821979","https://openalex.org/W2737725206","https://openalex.org/W2740620254","https://openalex.org/W2741910023","https://openalex.org/W2763070548","https://openalex.org/W2765268259","https://openalex.org/W2773003563","https://openalex.org/W2780418809","https://openalex.org/W2785286326","https://openalex.org/W2798365843","https://openalex.org/W2798913983","https://openalex.org/W2807931652","https://openalex.org/W2883502031","https://openalex.org/W2891951760","https://openalex.org/W2892035828","https://openalex.org/W2909333024","https://openalex.org/W2914924014","https://openalex.org/W2940925558","https://openalex.org/W2948210185","https://openalex.org/W2951852399","https://openalex.org/W2953915809","https://openalex.org/W2961018736","https://openalex.org/W2962761264","https://openalex.org/W2962798895","https://openalex.org/W2963066927","https://openalex.org/W2963393555","https://openalex.org/W2963407932","https://openalex.org/W2963968597","https://openalex.org/W2964036919","https://openalex.org/W2964081807","https://openalex.org/W2964350570","https://openalex.org/W2965658867","https://openalex.org/W2970206392","https://openalex.org/W2991040477","https://openalex.org/W3035367622","https://openalex.org/W3099903704","https://openalex.org/W3103352455","https://openalex.org/W3118608800","https://openalex.org/W4297798436","https://openalex.org/W4320013936","https://openalex.org/W6626776739","https://openalex.org/W6637373629","https://openalex.org/W6638319203","https://openalex.org/W6638677478","https://openalex.org/W6726946684","https://openalex.org/W6732696085","https://openalex.org/W6736321067","https://openalex.org/W6755069125","https://openalex.org/W6756718674","https://openalex.org/W6759022161","https://openalex.org/W6764782982","https://openalex.org/W6767607757","https://openalex.org/W6787972765"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W4391913857","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W4396701345","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2033914206","https://openalex.org/W2042327336"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"fine-grained":[1],"visual":[2],"classification":[3],"(FGVC)":[4],"which":[5],"aims":[6],"to":[7,49,66,87,109],"distinguish":[8],"subtle":[9],"differences":[10],"among":[11],"subcategories":[12,62],"is":[13,26,107],"an":[14],"important":[15],"computer":[16],"vision":[17],"task.":[18],"However,":[19],"one":[20],"issue":[21],"that":[22],"limits":[23],"model":[24],"performance":[25],"the":[27,57,68,74,84,89,93,96,111,114,116,121,138],"problem":[28],"of":[29,99,113,140],"diversity":[30],"within":[31],"subcategories.":[32],"To":[33],"this":[34,51],"end,":[35],"we":[36,54,72],"propose":[37],"a":[38,78,100,104],"simple":[39],"yet":[40],"effective":[41],"approach":[42],"named":[43],"category":[44],"similarity-based":[45],"distributed":[46,85,122],"labeling":[47],"(CSDL)":[48],"tackle":[50],"problem.":[52],"Specifically,":[53],"first":[55],"obtain":[56],"feature":[58,118],"centers":[59],"for":[60,124],"various":[61],"and":[63,91,103,120],"utilize":[64],"them":[65],"initialize":[67],"label":[69],"distributions.":[70],"Then":[71],"replace":[73],"ground-truth":[75],"labels":[76,86,123],"in":[77],"Deep":[79],"Neural":[80],"Network":[81],"(DNN)":[82],"with":[83],"calculate":[88],"loss":[90,102,106],"perform":[92],"optimization.":[94],"Finally,":[95],"joint":[97],"supervision":[98],"softmax":[101],"center":[105],"adopted":[108],"update":[110],"parameters":[112],"DNN,":[115],"deep":[117,127],"centers,":[119],"learning":[125],"discriminative":[126],"features.":[128],"Comprehensive":[129],"experiments":[130],"on":[131],"three":[132],"publicly":[133],"available":[134],"FGVC":[135],"datasets":[136],"demonstrate":[137],"superiority":[139],"our":[141],"proposed":[142],"approach.":[143]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-18T14:38:29.013473","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
