{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2996048542","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3029620","title":"LEO Small-Satellite Constellations for 5G and Beyond-5G Communications","display_name":"LEO Small-Satellite Constellations for 5G and Beyond-5G Communications","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2996048542","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3029620","mag":"2996048542"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.3029620","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3029620","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09217520.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref","datacite","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09217520.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061754527","display_name":"Israel Leyva\u2010Mayorga","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7116-397X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I891191580","display_name":"Aalborg University","ror":"https://ror.org/04m5j1k67","country_code":"DK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I891191580"]}],"countries":["DK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Israel Leyva-Mayorga","raw_affiliation_strings":["Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark","Aalborg university"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7116-397X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I891191580"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aalborg university","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I891191580"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090175476","display_name":"Beatriz Soret","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2708-645X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I891191580","display_name":"Aalborg University","ror":"https://ror.org/04m5j1k67","country_code":"DK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I891191580"]}],"countries":["DK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Beatriz Soret","raw_affiliation_strings":["Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark","Dept. of Electronic Systems, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2708-645X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I891191580"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electronic Systems, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I891191580"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086812430","display_name":"Maik R\u00f6per","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1608-6406"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180437899","display_name":"University of Bremen","ror":"https://ror.org/04ers2y35","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180437899"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maik Roper","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany","[Department of Communications Engineering, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany]"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1608-6406","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180437899"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Department of Communications Engineering, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180437899"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038472130","display_name":"Dirk W\u00fcbben","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3854-6140"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180437899","display_name":"University of Bremen","ror":"https://ror.org/04ers2y35","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180437899"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dirk Wubben","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany","[Department of Communications Engineering, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany]"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3854-6140","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180437899"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Department of Communications Engineering, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180437899"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058121440","display_name":"Bho Matthiesen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4582-3938"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180437899","display_name":"University of Bremen","ror":"https://ror.org/04ers2y35","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180437899"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bho Matthiesen","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany","[Department of Communications Engineering, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany]"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4582-3938","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180437899"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Department of Communications Engineering, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180437899"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063992917","display_name":"Armin Dekorsy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5790-1470"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180437899","display_name":"University of Bremen","ror":"https://ror.org/04ers2y35","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180437899"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Armin Dekorsy","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany","[Department of Communications Engineering, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany]"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5790-1470","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180437899"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Department of Communications Engineering, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180437899"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071289803","display_name":"Petar Popovski","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6195-4797"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180437899","display_name":"University of Bremen","ror":"https://ror.org/04ers2y35","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180437899"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I891191580","display_name":"Aalborg University","ror":"https://ror.org/04m5j1k67","country_code":"DK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I891191580"]}],"countries":["DE","DK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Petar Popovski","raw_affiliation_strings":["Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark","University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany","Dept. of Electronic Systems, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6195-4797","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I891191580"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180437899"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electronic Systems, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I891191580"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":17.049,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":13,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98329085,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":null,"first_page":"184955","last_page":"184964"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12042","display_name":"Satellite Communication Systems","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12042","display_name":"Satellite Communication Systems","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12079","display_name":"IoT Networks and Protocols","score":0.9973000288009644,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11896","display_name":"Opportunistic and Delay-Tolerant Networks","score":0.9936000108718872,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/constellation","display_name":"Constellation","score":0.8686286211013794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/low-earth-orbit","display_name":"Low earth orbit","score":0.730916440486908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6613739728927612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/broadband","display_name":"Broadband","score":0.6226993203163147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/satellite-constellation","display_name":"Satellite constellation","score":0.5806156396865845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/satellite","display_name":"Satellite","score":0.5653043389320374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mobile-broadband","display_name":"Mobile broadband","score":0.5614604353904724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/low-latency","display_name":"Low latency (capital markets)","score":0.5582787990570068},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/communications-satellite","display_name":"Communications satellite","score":0.5145477652549744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.5131176114082336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/latency","display_name":"Latency (audio)","score":0.4804636836051941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.4049660563468933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aerospace-engineering","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","score":0.16170352697372437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.15046203136444092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.12162238359451294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.07384076714515686}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70352696","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8928","display_name":"Constellation","level":2,"score":0.8686286211013794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018325918","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q663611","display_name":"Low earth orbit","level":3,"score":0.730916440486908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6613739728927612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C509933004","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194163","display_name":"Broadband","level":2,"score":0.6226993203163147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779784338","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q967145","display_name":"Satellite constellation","level":3,"score":0.5806156396865845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19269812","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26540","display_name":"Satellite","level":2,"score":0.5653043389320374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78834623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q640394","display_name":"Mobile broadband","level":3,"score":0.5614604353904724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46637626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6693015","display_name":"Low latency (capital markets)","level":2,"score":0.5582787990570068},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121308736","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q149918","display_name":"Communications satellite","level":3,"score":0.5145477652549744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.5131176114082336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82876162","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17096504","display_name":"Latency (audio)","level":2,"score":0.4804636836051941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.4049660563468933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.16170352697372437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.15046203136444092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.12162238359451294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.07384076714515686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1276947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333","display_name":"Astronomy","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":6,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.3029620","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3029620","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09217520.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.atira.dk:openaire/114327b3-5b51-47a4-aada-ca9e5a16737d","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://vbn.aau.dk/da/publications/114327b3-5b51-47a4-aada-ca9e5a16737d","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401731","display_name":"VBN Forskningsportal (Aalborg Universitet)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I891191580","host_organization_name":"Aalborg University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I891191580"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Leyva-Mayorga, I, Soret, B, R\u00f6per, M, W\u00fcbben, D, Matthiesen, B, Dekorsy, A & Popovski, P 2020, 'LEO Small-Satellite Constellations for 5G and Beyond-5G Communications', IEEE Access, vol. 8, pp. 184955-184964. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2020.3029620","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1912.08110","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1912.08110","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1912.08110","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"mag:2996048542","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/pdf/1912.08110.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:4ec434e98c2c45a18f4feafd7890c980","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/4ec434e98c2c45a18f4feafd7890c980","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 8, Pp 184955-184964 (2020)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.1912.08110","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1912.08110","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.3029620","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3029620","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09217520.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.6700000166893005,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2425286661","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EXC 2077","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324729","funder_display_name":"Universit\u00e4t Bremen"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4464239203","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EXC 2077","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320879","funder_display_name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5532073954","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"648382","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334678","funder_display_name":"European Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G667655585","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"LURAFO2012A","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335322","funder_display_name":"European Regional Development Fund"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320879","display_name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","ror":"https://ror.org/018mejw64"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324729","display_name":"Universit\u00e4t Bremen","ror":"https://ror.org/04ers2y35"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334678","display_name":"European Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/0472cxd90"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335322","display_name":"European Regional Development Fund","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":24,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1967422526","https://openalex.org/W2008423792","https://openalex.org/W2099388379","https://openalex.org/W2103970559","https://openalex.org/W2511038469","https://openalex.org/W2525431032","https://openalex.org/W2566023797","https://openalex.org/W2768793141","https://openalex.org/W2792834032","https://openalex.org/W2807554399","https://openalex.org/W2894016320","https://openalex.org/W2900729845","https://openalex.org/W2910912683","https://openalex.org/W2919225749","https://openalex.org/W2921679472","https://openalex.org/W2940954889","https://openalex.org/W2963035503","https://openalex.org/W2963749376","https://openalex.org/W2990953047","https://openalex.org/W2994992002","https://openalex.org/W3003654906","https://openalex.org/W3012432546","https://openalex.org/W3024145172","https://openalex.org/W3134807487"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2754960359","https://openalex.org/W3175542345","https://openalex.org/W2140704861","https://openalex.org/W1985905408","https://openalex.org/W2892656107","https://openalex.org/W2893666888","https://openalex.org/W1979064473","https://openalex.org/W3109810757","https://openalex.org/W1992705695","https://openalex.org/W3159288349","https://openalex.org/W2592318737","https://openalex.org/W3143828471","https://openalex.org/W2989560057","https://openalex.org/W2953213457","https://openalex.org/W2790399295","https://openalex.org/W3092220464","https://openalex.org/W2006627174","https://openalex.org/W3158238690","https://openalex.org/W2946340226","https://openalex.org/W3198449401"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"next":[1],"frontier":[2],"towards":[3],"truly":[4],"ubiquitous":[5],"connectivity":[6],"is":[7],"the":[8,54,63,83,90,98,124],"use":[9,55],"of":[10,45,49,56,67,82,101],"Low":[11],"Earth":[12],"Orbit":[13],"(LEO)":[14],"small-satellite":[15],"constellations":[16,35,103],"to":[17,62,122],"support":[18,37],"5G":[19,105],"and":[20,29,53,65,85,93,106,112,118],"Beyond-5G":[21],"(B5G)":[22],"networks.":[23],"Besides":[24],"enhanced":[25],"mobile":[26],"broadband":[27],"(eMBB)":[28],"massive":[30],"machine-type":[31],"communications":[32,39],"(mMTC),":[33],"LEO":[34,102],"can":[36],"ultra-reliable":[38],"(URC)":[40],"with":[41,89],"relaxed":[42],"latency":[43],"requirements":[44],"a":[46,79],"few":[47],"tens":[48],"milliseconds.":[50],"Small-satellite":[51],"impairments":[52],"low":[57],"orbits":[58],"pose":[59],"major":[60],"challenges":[61],"design":[64],"performance":[66],"these":[68],"networks,":[69],"but":[70],"also":[71],"open":[72],"new":[73],"innovation":[74],"opportunities.":[75],"This":[76],"paper":[77],"provides":[78],"comprehensive":[80],"overview":[81],"physical":[84,115],"logical":[86],"links,":[87],"along":[88],"essential":[91],"architectural":[92],"technological":[94],"components":[95],"that":[96],"enable":[97],"full":[99],"integration":[100],"into":[104],"B5G":[107],"systems.":[108],"Furthermore,":[109],"we":[110],"characterize":[111],"compare":[113],"each":[114],"link":[116],"category":[117],"explore":[119],"novel":[120],"techniques":[121],"maximize":[123],"achievable":[125],"data":[126],"rates.":[127]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-15T18:14:33.161393","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
