{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3047150775","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3029202","title":"Early Detection of the Advanced Persistent Threat Attack Using Performance Analysis of Deep Learning","display_name":"Early Detection of the Advanced Persistent Threat Attack Using Performance Analysis of Deep Learning","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3047150775","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3029202","mag":"3047150775"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.3029202","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3029202","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3029202","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067079132","display_name":"Javad Hassannataj Joloudari","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9374-2326"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I123173325","display_name":"Mazandaran University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03s3hf581","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I123173325"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97626857","display_name":"University of Birjand","ror":"https://ror.org/03g4hym73","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97626857"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Javad Hassannataj Joloudari","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Engineering, University of Birjand, Birjand, Iran","Mazandaran University of Science and Technology, Babol, Iran"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Engineering, University of Birjand, Birjand, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97626857"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mazandaran University of Science and Technology, Babol, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I123173325"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048131856","display_name":"Mojtaba Haderbadi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97626857","display_name":"University of Birjand","ror":"https://ror.org/03g4hym73","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97626857"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mojtaba Haderbadi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Engineering, University of Birjand, Birjand, Iran"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Engineering, University of Birjand, Birjand, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97626857"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047140403","display_name":"Amir Mashmool","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1612-3094"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97626857","display_name":"University of Birjand","ror":"https://ror.org/03g4hym73","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97626857"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Amir Mashmool","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Engineering, University of Birjand, Birjand, Iran"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Engineering, University of Birjand, Birjand, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97626857"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056801967","display_name":"Mohammad GhasemiGol","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6661-0942"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97626857","display_name":"University of Birjand","ror":"https://ror.org/03g4hym73","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97626857"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohammad Ghasemigol","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Engineering, University of Birjand, Birjand, Iran"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Engineering, University of Birjand, Birjand, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97626857"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006293953","display_name":"Shahab S. Band","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6109-1311"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170238339","display_name":"Duy Tan University","ror":"https://ror.org/05ezss144","country_code":"VN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170238339"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I75357094","display_name":"National Yunlin University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04qkq2m54","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I75357094"]}],"countries":["TW","VN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shahab S. Band","raw_affiliation_strings":["Future Technology Research Center, College of Future, National Yunlin University of Science and Technology, Douliou, Taiwan","Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Vietnam"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Future Technology Research Center, College of Future, National Yunlin University of Science and Technology, Douliou, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I75357094"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Vietnam","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170238339"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109011370","display_name":"Amir Mosavi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I103356709","display_name":"Obuda University","ror":"https://ror.org/00ax71d21","country_code":"HU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I103356709"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I216306336","display_name":"J. Selye University","ror":"https://ror.org/00zevd106","country_code":"SK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I216306336"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I54108979","display_name":"Norwegian University of Life Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04a1mvv97","country_code":"NO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I54108979"]}],"countries":["HU","NO","SK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Amir Mosavi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Automation, Kando Kalman Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Obuda University, Budapest, Hungary","J. Selye University, Komarno, Slovakia","School of Economics and Business, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, \u00c5s, Norway"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Automation, Kando Kalman Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Obuda University, Budapest, Hungary","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I103356709"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"J. Selye University, Komarno, Slovakia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I216306336"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Economics and Business, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, \u00c5s, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I54108979"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":6,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5067079132"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I123173325","https://openalex.org/I97626857"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":9.3781,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":98,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98214628,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":null,"first_page":"186125","last_page":"186137"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10734","display_name":"Information and Cyber Security","score":0.9947999715805054,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7319025993347168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.49159082770347595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.41256505250930786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.39754000306129456}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7319025993347168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.49159082770347595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.41256505250930786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.39754000306129456}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.3029202","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3029202","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2009.10524","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2009.10524","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2009.10524","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:nmbu.brage.unit.no:11250/2756479","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/11250/2756479","pdf_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/11250/2756479","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401716","display_name":"Duo Research Archive (University of Oslo)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I184942183","host_organization_name":"University of Oslo","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184942183"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/other"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:8ba546e7e48041c3a97b875a207bde6e","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/8ba546e7e48041c3a97b875a207bde6e","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 8, Pp 186125-186137 (2020)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.3029202","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3029202","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.6399999856948853}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320308269","display_name":"Alexander von Humboldt-Stiftung","ror":"https://ror.org/012kf4317"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","display_name":"European Commission","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338080","display_name":"European Social Fund","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":53,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W59369888","https://openalex.org/W111228695","https://openalex.org/W1522114398","https://openalex.org/W1674877186","https://openalex.org/W1983563995","https://openalex.org/W1991906836","https://openalex.org/W1992705187","https://openalex.org/W1995678176","https://openalex.org/W1999489595","https://openalex.org/W2002194532","https://openalex.org/W2002941278","https://openalex.org/W2004360894","https://openalex.org/W2006942880","https://openalex.org/W2026430219","https://openalex.org/W2069391105","https://openalex.org/W2072128103","https://openalex.org/W2073036619","https://openalex.org/W2076063813","https://openalex.org/W2142993476","https://openalex.org/W2150341604","https://openalex.org/W2150847526","https://openalex.org/W2184188583","https://openalex.org/W2294059674","https://openalex.org/W2408793237","https://openalex.org/W2435778079","https://openalex.org/W2480295938","https://openalex.org/W2513712568","https://openalex.org/W2557283755","https://openalex.org/W2727422487","https://openalex.org/W2729546866","https://openalex.org/W2769405978","https://openalex.org/W2818789173","https://openalex.org/W2896556344","https://openalex.org/W2900616509","https://openalex.org/W2910711617","https://openalex.org/W2919115771","https://openalex.org/W2920971804","https://openalex.org/W2945594226","https://openalex.org/W2959653735","https://openalex.org/W2980506460","https://openalex.org/W2982640876","https://openalex.org/W2987842851","https://openalex.org/W2991494381","https://openalex.org/W2999376617","https://openalex.org/W3000020870","https://openalex.org/W3016503735","https://openalex.org/W3105682467","https://openalex.org/W3121795651","https://openalex.org/W4205947740","https://openalex.org/W4231109964","https://openalex.org/W6637096788","https://openalex.org/W6696761078","https://openalex.org/W6770277130"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2731899572","https://openalex.org/W3215138031","https://openalex.org/W3009238340","https://openalex.org/W4360585206","https://openalex.org/W4321369474","https://openalex.org/W4285208911","https://openalex.org/W3082895349","https://openalex.org/W4213079790","https://openalex.org/W2248239756","https://openalex.org/W3086377361"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"One":[0,40],"of":[1,37,41,58,64,93,102,119,143,166,170,230,239],"the":[2,10,14,35,42,56,59,67,74,77,83,114,122,140,144,167,171,176,180,214,217,222,233],"most":[3],"common":[4],"and":[5,30,73,108,117,150,160,186,196,208,216],"critical":[6,168],"destructive":[7],"attacks":[8],"on":[9,66,121],"victim":[11],"system":[12,78],"is":[13,50,87,130,155,191],"advanced":[15],"persistent":[16],"threat":[17],"(APT)-attack.":[18],"An":[19],"APT":[20,48,60],"attacker":[21],"can":[22],"achieve":[23],"its":[24],"hostile":[25],"goal":[26],"through":[27],"obtaining":[28],"information":[29],"gaining":[31],"financial":[32],"benefits":[33],"from":[34],"infrastructure":[36],"a":[38,46,70,126,138],"network.":[39],"solutions":[43],"to":[44,55,82,89,132,243],"detect":[45,90],"unanimous":[47],"attack":[49,61],"using":[51],"network":[52,68],"traffic.":[53],"Due":[54],"nature":[57],"in":[62,96,164],"terms":[63,165],"being":[65],"for":[69,113,179,213,236],"long":[71],"time":[72],"fact":[75],"that":[76,221],"may":[79],"crash":[80],"due":[81],"high":[84],"traffic,":[85],"it":[86],"difficult":[88],"this":[91,97],"type":[92],"attack.":[94],"Hence,":[95],"study,":[98],"machine":[99],"learning":[100,110,153,189,224],"methods":[101],"C5.0":[103,145,181],"decision":[104,146,182],"tree,":[105,147,183],"Bayesian":[106,148,184],"network,":[107,149,185],"deep":[109,152,188,223],"are":[111,210],"used":[112,131],"timely":[115,237],"detection":[116,238],"classification":[118,245],"APT-attacks":[120],"NSL-KDD":[123],"dataset.":[124],"Moreover,":[125],"10-fold":[127],"cross-validation":[128],"method":[129],"experiment":[133],"with":[134,226],"these":[135],"models.":[136,246],"As":[137],"result,":[139],"accuracy":[141],"(ACC)":[142],"6-layer":[151,187],"models":[154,190],"obtained":[156,192],"as":[157,193,202],"95.64%,":[158],"88.37%,":[159],"98.85%,":[161],"respectively.":[162,198],"Also,":[163],"criterion":[169],"false":[172],"positive":[173],"rate":[174],"(FPR),":[175],"FPR":[177],"value":[178],"2.56,":[194],"10.47,":[195],"1.13,":[197],"Other":[199],"criterions":[200],"such":[201],"sensitivity,":[203],"specificity,":[204],"accuracy,":[205],"false-negative":[206],"rate,":[207],"F-measure":[209],"also":[211],"investigated":[212],"models,":[215],"experimental":[218],"results":[219],"show":[220],"model":[225],"automatic":[227],"multi-layered":[228],"extraction":[229],"features":[231],"has":[232],"best":[234],"performance":[235],"an":[240],"APT-attack":[241],"comparing":[242],"other":[244]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":25},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
