{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3092320161","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3029157","title":"Information Entropy and Optimal Scale Combination in Multi-Scale Covering Decision Systems","display_name":"Information Entropy and Optimal Scale Combination in Multi-Scale Covering Decision Systems","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3092320161","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3029157","mag":"3092320161"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.3029157","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3029157","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09214816.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09214816.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101431273","display_name":"Dongxiao Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8696-6604"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I119045251","display_name":"Huaqiao University","ror":"https://ror.org/03frdh605","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I119045251"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Dongxiao Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fujian Province University Key Laboratory of Computational Science, School of Mathematics Sciences, Huaqiao University, Quanzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8696-6604","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fujian Province University Key Laboratory of Computational Science, School of Mathematics Sciences, Huaqiao University, Quanzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119045251"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100657117","display_name":"Jinjin Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9947-6858"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I119045251","display_name":"Huaqiao University","ror":"https://ror.org/03frdh605","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I119045251"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9356336","display_name":"Minnan Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/02vj1vm13","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9356336"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jinjin Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fujian Province University Key Laboratory of Computational Science, School of Mathematics Sciences, Huaqiao University, Quanzhou, China","School of Mathematics Sciences and Statistics, Minnan Normal University, Zhangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9947-6858","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fujian Province University Key Laboratory of Computational Science, School of Mathematics Sciences, Huaqiao University, Quanzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119045251"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mathematics Sciences and Statistics, Minnan Normal University, Zhangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9356336"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Rongde Lin","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I119045251","display_name":"Huaqiao University","ror":"https://ror.org/03frdh605","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I119045251"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rongde Lin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fujian Province University Key Laboratory of Computational Science, School of Mathematics Sciences, Huaqiao University, Quanzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fujian Province University Key Laboratory of Computational Science, School of Mathematics Sciences, Huaqiao University, Quanzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119045251"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041712918","display_name":"Yingsheng Chen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I119045251","display_name":"Huaqiao University","ror":"https://ror.org/03frdh605","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I119045251"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yingsheng Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fujian Province University Key Laboratory of Computational Science, School of Mathematics Sciences, Huaqiao University, Quanzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fujian Province University Key Laboratory of Computational Science, School of Mathematics Sciences, Huaqiao University, Quanzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119045251"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101431273"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119045251"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":0.4369,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.70008678,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":null,"first_page":"182908","last_page":"182917"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11063","display_name":"Rough Sets and Fuzzy Logic","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11063","display_name":"Rough Sets and Fuzzy Logic","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10906","display_name":"AI-based Problem Solving and Planning","score":0.9829000234603882,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10538","display_name":"Data Mining Algorithms and Applications","score":0.9758999943733215,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/conditional-entropy","display_name":"Conditional entropy","score":0.6563096642494202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/entropy","display_name":"Entropy (arrow of time)","score":0.5942606329917908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5518367290496826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/joint-entropy","display_name":"Joint entropy","score":0.5104473829269409},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scale","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","score":0.5046595335006714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decision-system","display_name":"Decision system","score":0.46353816986083984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-system","display_name":"Information system","score":0.4301314651966095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.42827892303466797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.3983769714832306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/principle-of-maximum-entropy","display_name":"Principle of maximum entropy","score":0.3800848424434662},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.367009699344635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.3644973933696747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.2730673551559448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operations-research","display_name":"Operations research","score":0.1207410991191864}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101721835","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q813908","display_name":"Conditional entropy","level":3,"score":0.6563096642494202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106301342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4117933","display_name":"Entropy (arrow of time)","level":2,"score":0.5942606329917908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5518367290496826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106752470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1364826","display_name":"Joint entropy","level":3,"score":0.5104473829269409},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.5046595335006714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986909951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q330268","display_name":"Decision system","level":2,"score":0.46353816986083984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180198813","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121182","display_name":"Information system","level":2,"score":0.4301314651966095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.42827892303466797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.3983769714832306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9679016","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1417473","display_name":"Principle of maximum entropy","level":2,"score":0.3800848424434662},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.367009699344635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3644973933696747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.2730673551559448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42475967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194292","display_name":"Operations research","level":1,"score":0.1207410991191864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.3029157","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3029157","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09214816.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:62f41680c4c4472582b2342d93ddddc3","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/62f41680c4c4472582b2342d93ddddc3","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 8, Pp 182908-182917 (2020)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.3029157","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3029157","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09214816.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.7099999785423279}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1587394211","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"11701258","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1806932936","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"11871259","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2953617593","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2017ZT012","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320325142","display_name":"Fujian University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03c8fdb16"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3092320161.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3092320161.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":32,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1517636450","https://openalex.org/W1843766148","https://openalex.org/W1992915331","https://openalex.org/W1995875735","https://openalex.org/W2029963556","https://openalex.org/W2035245879","https://openalex.org/W2036999870","https://openalex.org/W2045260678","https://openalex.org/W2054730876","https://openalex.org/W2059228994","https://openalex.org/W2085843933","https://openalex.org/W2092845575","https://openalex.org/W2165094119","https://openalex.org/W2167293341","https://openalex.org/W2170755382","https://openalex.org/W2234239303","https://openalex.org/W2288326155","https://openalex.org/W2550409005","https://openalex.org/W2555871690","https://openalex.org/W2575619162","https://openalex.org/W2590498657","https://openalex.org/W2605772523","https://openalex.org/W2791661525","https://openalex.org/W2803748664","https://openalex.org/W2896326747","https://openalex.org/W2912707296","https://openalex.org/W2916148749","https://openalex.org/W2952429360","https://openalex.org/W3009809128","https://openalex.org/W3033432801","https://openalex.org/W3046751575","https://openalex.org/W3047572867"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2306107824","https://openalex.org/W3144567631","https://openalex.org/W1574387760","https://openalex.org/W1550757207","https://openalex.org/W2889261288","https://openalex.org/W4283013026","https://openalex.org/W3209161582","https://openalex.org/W3167599219","https://openalex.org/W2147544021","https://openalex.org/W2053566994"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"the":[1,14,51,103,123,130],"traditional":[2],"covering":[3,16,41,81,93,126],"information":[4,17,42,58,82],"systems,":[5],"each":[6],"object":[7],"has":[8],"only":[9],"one":[10,23],"scale,":[11],"that":[12],"is,":[13],"single-scale":[15],"system.":[18,83,112,128],"But":[19],"in":[20,31,47,60,79,91,107,122],"realistic":[21],"applications,":[22],"often":[24],"needs":[25],"to":[26,99,102],"process":[27],"and":[28,50,72,134,143],"analyze":[29],"data":[30],"different":[32],"scales.":[33],"To":[34],"solve":[35],"this":[36,48],"problem,":[37],"a":[38],"new":[39],"multi-scale":[40,61,80,92,109,125],"system":[43],"is":[44,89,97,120],"first":[45],"introduced":[46],"paper,":[49],"optimal":[52,74,86,104,117],"scale":[53,70,75,87,105,118],"combination":[54,71,76,88,106,119],"selections":[55],"based":[56],"on":[57],"entropy":[59,68,73,85,116,142],"coveing":[62,110],"decision":[63,94,111,127],"systems":[64],"are":[65,77,137],"discussed.":[66],"Firstly,":[67],"consistent":[69,108],"defined":[78,90,121],"Secondly,":[84],"system,":[95],"which":[96],"proved":[98],"be":[100],"equivalent":[101],"Moreover,":[113],"lower":[114],"approximation":[115],"inconsistent":[124],"Finally,":[129],"corresponding":[131],"selection":[132],"algorithms":[133],"specific":[135],"examples":[136],"given":[138],"by":[139],"using":[140],"conditional":[141,145],"limitary":[144],"entropy,":[146],"respectively.":[147]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
