{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3091864112","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3028618","title":"Individual Targeting Increases Control Over Inter-Individual Variability in Simulated Transcranial Electric Fields","display_name":"Individual Targeting Increases Control Over Inter-Individual Variability in Simulated Transcranial Electric Fields","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3091864112","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3028618","mag":"3091864112"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.3028618","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3028618","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3028618","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019832000","display_name":"Jan\u2010Ole Radecke","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2115-9603"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I159176309","display_name":"Universit\u00e4t Hamburg","ror":"https://ror.org/00g30e956","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I159176309"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210108711","display_name":"University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf","ror":"https://ror.org/01zgy1s35","country_code":"DE","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I159176309","https://openalex.org/I4210108711"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jan-Ole Radecke","raw_affiliation_strings":["University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2115-9603","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I159176309","https://openalex.org/I4210108711"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074560755","display_name":"Asad Khan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6016-8150"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I22465464","display_name":"University of M\u00fcnster","ror":"https://ror.org/00pd74e08","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I22465464"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Asad Khan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Biomagnetism and Biosignalanalysis, University of M\u00fcnster, M\u00fcnster, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Biomagnetism and Biosignalanalysis, University of M\u00fcnster, M\u00fcnster, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I22465464"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006579933","display_name":"Andreas K. Engel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4899-8466"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I159176309","display_name":"Universit\u00e4t Hamburg","ror":"https://ror.org/00g30e956","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I159176309"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210108711","display_name":"University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf","ror":"https://ror.org/01zgy1s35","country_code":"DE","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I159176309","https://openalex.org/I4210108711"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andreas K. Engel","raw_affiliation_strings":["University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I159176309","https://openalex.org/I4210108711"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053572681","display_name":"Carsten H. Wolters","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6233-424X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I22465464","display_name":"University of M\u00fcnster","ror":"https://ror.org/00pd74e08","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I22465464"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Carsten H. Wolters","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Biomagnetism and Biosignalanalysis, University of M\u00fcnster, M\u00fcnster, Germany","Otto Creutzfeldt Center for Cognitive and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of M\u00fcnster, M\u00fcnster, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6233-424X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Biomagnetism and Biosignalanalysis, University of M\u00fcnster, M\u00fcnster, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I22465464"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Otto Creutzfeldt Center for Cognitive and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of M\u00fcnster, M\u00fcnster, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I22465464"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059829412","display_name":"Till R. Schneider","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8889-6248"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I159176309","display_name":"Universit\u00e4t Hamburg","ror":"https://ror.org/00g30e956","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I159176309"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210108711","display_name":"University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf","ror":"https://ror.org/01zgy1s35","country_code":"DE","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I159176309","https://openalex.org/I4210108711"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Till R. Schneider","raw_affiliation_strings":["University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8889-6248","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I159176309","https://openalex.org/I4210108711"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":0.6763,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":16,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.69443685,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":null,"first_page":"182610","last_page":"182624"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10614","display_name":"Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Studies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2808","display_name":"Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10614","display_name":"Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Studies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2808","display_name":"Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10241","display_name":"Functional Brain Connectivity Studies","score":0.9977999925613403,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10581","display_name":"Neural dynamics and brain function","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electric-field","display_name":"Electric field","score":0.8701462149620056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electric-stimulation","display_name":"Electric stimulation","score":0.5216934084892273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stimulation","display_name":"Stimulation","score":0.5051673054695129},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/finite-element-method","display_name":"Finite element method","score":0.4894370138645172},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transcranial-magnetic-stimulation","display_name":"Transcranial magnetic stimulation","score":0.48387134075164795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neuroscience","display_name":"Neuroscience","score":0.4357191026210785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transcranial-direct-current-stimulation","display_name":"Transcranial direct-current stimulation","score":0.4356733560562134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.42071348428726196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.4087502956390381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.24883604049682617}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60799052","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46221","display_name":"Electric field","level":2,"score":0.8701462149620056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020056645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1327643","display_name":"Electric stimulation","level":3,"score":0.5216934084892273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24998067","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4114622","display_name":"Stimulation","level":2,"score":0.5051673054695129},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C135628077","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q220184","display_name":"Finite element method","level":2,"score":0.4894370138645172},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778581513","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q263962","display_name":"Transcranial magnetic stimulation","level":3,"score":0.48387134075164795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.4357191026210785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777803708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q603398","display_name":"Transcranial direct-current stimulation","level":3,"score":0.4356733560562134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.42071348428726196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.4087502956390381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.24883604049682617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.3028618","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3028618","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:5bd744da074b4d78968fecc7aeec1567","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/5bd744da074b4d78968fecc7aeec1567","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 8, Pp 182610-182624 (2020)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.3028618","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3028618","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7070654267","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"SPP 1665/SCHN 1511/1-2 to TRS","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320879","funder_display_name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8521676295","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"SPP 1665/WO1425/5-2 to CHW","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320879","funder_display_name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320879","display_name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","ror":"https://ror.org/018mejw64"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":77,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1565022768","https://openalex.org/W1605889908","https://openalex.org/W1695351344","https://openalex.org/W1734843432","https://openalex.org/W1975487521","https://openalex.org/W1977596327","https://openalex.org/W1983834279","https://openalex.org/W1991904995","https://openalex.org/W2008263877","https://openalex.org/W2019370496","https://openalex.org/W2029338818","https://openalex.org/W2058046532","https://openalex.org/W2058264807","https://openalex.org/W2074675669","https://openalex.org/W2075175894","https://openalex.org/W2076601117","https://openalex.org/W2079748473","https://openalex.org/W2081232530","https://openalex.org/W2086485092","https://openalex.org/W2089656517","https://openalex.org/W2092169930","https://openalex.org/W2096590617","https://openalex.org/W2097273459","https://openalex.org/W2107281753","https://openalex.org/W2107315764","https://openalex.org/W2115675385","https://openalex.org/W2115738445","https://openalex.org/W2121044470","https://openalex.org/W2123171443","https://openalex.org/W2126906058","https://openalex.org/W2127919130","https://openalex.org/W2137161651","https://openalex.org/W2144944274","https://openalex.org/W2145218520","https://openalex.org/W2148532693","https://openalex.org/W2158329161","https://openalex.org/W2159567046","https://openalex.org/W2162932719","https://openalex.org/W2166073443","https://openalex.org/W2169949181","https://openalex.org/W2171800174","https://openalex.org/W2209681031","https://openalex.org/W2329935490","https://openalex.org/W2338301555","https://openalex.org/W2341351698","https://openalex.org/W2345619594","https://openalex.org/W2346587012","https://openalex.org/W2516154248","https://openalex.org/W2518071833","https://openalex.org/W2552379553","https://openalex.org/W2581605628","https://openalex.org/W2582120844","https://openalex.org/W2582277727","https://openalex.org/W2587386871","https://openalex.org/W2614122704","https://openalex.org/W2618202951","https://openalex.org/W2766059416","https://openalex.org/W2776851876","https://openalex.org/W2784013409","https://openalex.org/W2791427514","https://openalex.org/W2807769078","https://openalex.org/W2901539283","https://openalex.org/W2903380895","https://openalex.org/W2924557225","https://openalex.org/W2949119193","https://openalex.org/W2950992973","https://openalex.org/W2952019187","https://openalex.org/W2963264812","https://openalex.org/W2970142828","https://openalex.org/W2972844663","https://openalex.org/W2979688556","https://openalex.org/W2991555451","https://openalex.org/W3081839143","https://openalex.org/W3105390567","https://openalex.org/W4230920194","https://openalex.org/W6678230397","https://openalex.org/W6766165226"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2236348372","https://openalex.org/W2102680297","https://openalex.org/W2993834575","https://openalex.org/W2473926935","https://openalex.org/W2410163693","https://openalex.org/W2377409327","https://openalex.org/W2435552126","https://openalex.org/W2413900999","https://openalex.org/W1449935475","https://openalex.org/W1979501829"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Transcranial":[0],"electric":[1,5,21,56,72,132,145,161,249],"stimulation":[2,60,100,111,187],"(tES)":[3],"induces":[4],"fields":[6,22,73,133,162,171,250],"that":[7,32,102,207],"propagate":[8],"in":[9,39,76,214,248,262],"the":[10,20,29,55,59,63,83,124,151,158,184,199,223,230,237,243,257,263],"brain":[11],"and":[12,23,168,234],"depend":[13],"on":[14,69],"individual":[15,24,51,117,175,226,260],"anatomies.":[16],"The":[17],"interaction":[18],"between":[19],"anatomies":[25],"may":[26],"contribute":[27],"to":[28,45,58,97,142,165,203,253],"heterogenous":[30],"results":[31,221],"are":[33],"commonly":[34],"observed":[35],"across":[36,189,211],"tES":[37,42,68,93,233,264],"studies":[38,206],"humans.":[40],"Targeted":[41],"is":[43,251],"able":[44,141],"account":[46],"for":[47,183,228,235,256],"some":[48],"of":[49,65,79,131,160,195,225,232,240,259],"these":[50],"factors":[52],"by":[53,148,156,174],"adapting":[54],"field":[57,146],"target.":[61],"Here,":[62],"effect":[64],"individually":[66,91,105],"targeted":[67,92],"simulated":[70,109],"intracranial":[71],"was":[74,103],"evaluated":[75],"head":[77,218],"models":[78],"twenty-one":[80],"participants":[81],"using":[82],"finite-element":[84],"method":[85],"(FEM).":[86],"For":[87,107],"all":[88],"participants,":[89],"two":[90],"montages":[94],"were":[95,140,172],"compared":[96],"a":[98,108,215],"fixed":[99],"montage":[101],"not":[104],"optimized.":[106],"parietal":[110,186],"target":[112,152,166,188],"with":[113,163],"three":[114],"different":[115,144],"orientations,":[116],"current":[118,153],"densities":[119,154],"showed":[120,180,208],"varying":[121],"intensities":[122],"near":[123],"lower":[125],"limit":[126],"at":[127],"which":[128],"physiological":[129],"efficacy":[130,231],"can":[134],"be":[135,254],"assumed.":[136],"However,":[137],"targeting":[138,227],"algorithms":[139],"control":[143],"properties,":[147,177],"either":[149],"maximizing":[150],"or":[155],"increasing":[157],"specificity":[159],"respect":[164],"location":[167],"orientation.":[169],"Electric":[170],"constrained":[173],"anatomical":[176],"but":[178],"still":[179],"considerable":[181],"variation":[182,210],"given":[185],"participants.":[190],"Thus,":[191],"we":[192],"present":[193],"findings":[194],"inter-individual":[196],"variability":[197,247],"within":[198],"same":[200,244],"cortical":[201,212],"region":[202],"complement":[204],"recent":[205],"large":[209],"regions":[213],"single":[216],"FEM":[217],"model.":[219],"Our":[220],"support":[222],"usage":[224],"enhancing":[229],"elucidating":[236],"underlying":[238],"mechanisms":[239],"tES.":[241],"At":[242],"time,":[245],"residual":[246],"suggested":[252],"utilized":[255],"explanation":[258],"differences":[261],"outcome.":[265]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
