{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3091554108","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3028248","title":"Melanoma Detection Using an Objective System Based on Multiple Connected Neural Networks","display_name":"Melanoma Detection Using an Objective System Based on Multiple Connected Neural Networks","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3091554108","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3028248","mag":"3091554108"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.3028248","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3028248","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09210626.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09210626.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067604275","display_name":"Loretta Ichim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7465-3958"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I61641377","display_name":"Universitatea Na\u021bional\u0103 de \u0218tiin\u021b\u0103 \u0219i Tehnologie Politehnica Bucure\u0219ti","ror":"https://ror.org/0558j5q12","country_code":"RO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I61641377"]}],"countries":["RO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Loretta Ichim","raw_affiliation_strings":["University POLITEHNICA of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7465-3958","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University POLITEHNICA of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I61641377"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044811337","display_name":"Dan Popescu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1883-0091"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I61641377","display_name":"Universitatea Na\u021bional\u0103 de \u0218tiin\u021b\u0103 \u0219i Tehnologie Politehnica Bucure\u0219ti","ror":"https://ror.org/0558j5q12","country_code":"RO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I61641377"]}],"countries":["RO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dan Popescu","raw_affiliation_strings":["University POLITEHNICA of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1883-0091","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University POLITEHNICA of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I61641377"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I61641377"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":2.6107,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":48,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91979867,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":null,"first_page":"179189","last_page":"179202"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10392","display_name":"Cutaneous Melanoma Detection and Management","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2730","display_name":"Oncology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10392","display_name":"Cutaneous Melanoma Detection and Management","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2730","display_name":"Oncology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10862","display_name":"AI in cancer detection","score":0.9858999848365784,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13869","display_name":"Ocular and Laser Science Research","score":0.9787999987602234,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2731","display_name":"Ophthalmology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.81513512134552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7918828725814819},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.6406031250953674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.5899122357368469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/segmentation","display_name":"Segmentation","score":0.5786069631576538},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/classifier","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","score":0.5529758930206299},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.5001304149627686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/contextual-image-classification","display_name":"Contextual image classification","score":0.47478172183036804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perceptron","display_name":"Perceptron","score":0.45934945344924927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pixel","display_name":"Pixel","score":0.4556042551994324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.4019615054130554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.3281868100166321},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.11988013982772827}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.81513512134552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7918828725814819},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.6406031250953674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.5899122357368469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.5786069631576538},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95623464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096149","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","level":2,"score":0.5529758930206299},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.5001304149627686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75294576","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165192","display_name":"Contextual image classification","level":3,"score":0.47478172183036804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60908668","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q690207","display_name":"Perceptron","level":3,"score":0.45934945344924927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160633673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355198","display_name":"Pixel","level":2,"score":0.4556042551994324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.4019615054130554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3281868100166321},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.11988013982772827}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.3028248","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3028248","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09210626.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:783a1c0804d34c7a959d043d8684a77e","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/783a1c0804d34c7a959d043d8684a77e","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 8, Pp 179189-179202 (2020)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.3028248","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3028248","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09210626.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","score":0.8199999928474426}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3091554108.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3091554108.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":44,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1981292083","https://openalex.org/W1991607872","https://openalex.org/W2003834444","https://openalex.org/W2039051707","https://openalex.org/W2061253660","https://openalex.org/W2099471712","https://openalex.org/W2131391372","https://openalex.org/W2163352848","https://openalex.org/W2164273268","https://openalex.org/W2187948146","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2268118031","https://openalex.org/W2343613290","https://openalex.org/W2399625966","https://openalex.org/W2535441673","https://openalex.org/W2592160412","https://openalex.org/W2609625738","https://openalex.org/W2612806369","https://openalex.org/W2618530766","https://openalex.org/W2810682259","https://openalex.org/W2891595725","https://openalex.org/W2900738550","https://openalex.org/W2901844372","https://openalex.org/W2908294936","https://openalex.org/W2940790545","https://openalex.org/W2945008339","https://openalex.org/W2945717565","https://openalex.org/W2946122943","https://openalex.org/W2953076756","https://openalex.org/W2956391471","https://openalex.org/W2960571991","https://openalex.org/W2967473922","https://openalex.org/W2992471672","https://openalex.org/W2996717109","https://openalex.org/W3003544448","https://openalex.org/W3010812223","https://openalex.org/W3037339707","https://openalex.org/W3037436903","https://openalex.org/W4253649058","https://openalex.org/W4300001742","https://openalex.org/W4320013936","https://openalex.org/W6693768309","https://openalex.org/W6712165758","https://openalex.org/W6753145204"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2952813363","https://openalex.org/W4360783045","https://openalex.org/W2963346891","https://openalex.org/W3176438653","https://openalex.org/W2770149305","https://openalex.org/W3167930666","https://openalex.org/W3014952856","https://openalex.org/W2005234362","https://openalex.org/W2162970382","https://openalex.org/W1997235926"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Melanoma":[0],"is":[1,76,96,180,197],"a":[2,44,89,181],"common":[3],"form":[4],"of":[5,17,33,60,63,68,92,106,130,157,226,240,247,253,261,267],"skin":[6],"cancer":[7],"that":[8,202,237],"dangerously":[9],"affects":[10],"many":[11],"people":[12],"around":[13],"the":[14,20,31,47,57,66,73,116,124,133,143,146,154,168,178,188,191,204,227,238,241,262,268],"world.":[15],"Detection":[16],"melanoma":[18],"with":[19,38,119,127,140],"naked":[21],"eye":[22],"by":[23],"dermatologists":[24],"may":[25],"be":[26],"subject":[27],"to":[28,56,78,232],"errors.":[29],"Therefore,":[30],"implementation":[32],"image":[34],"processing":[35],"devices":[36],"equipped":[37],"artificial":[39],"intelligence":[40],"can":[41],"act":[42],"as":[43],"support":[45],"for":[46],"dermatologist":[48],"in":[49,72,272],"examination":[50],"and":[51,65,70,145,152,163,187,212,249,265],"decision":[52,206],"making.":[53],"However,":[54],"due":[55],"various":[58],"characteristics":[59],"this":[61,85],"type":[62,91],"lesions":[64],"presence":[67],"noises":[69],"artifacts":[71],"images,":[74],"it":[75],"difficult":[77],"distinguish":[79],"melanomas":[80],"from":[81,229],"benign":[82],"lesions.":[83],"In":[84],"article,":[86],"we":[87],"propose":[88],"new":[90],"intelligent":[93],"system":[94,228],"which":[95],"based":[97,183,198],"on":[98,103,184,199],"several":[99],"neural":[100],"networks":[101],"connected":[102],"two":[104,216],"levels":[105,214],"classification.":[107],"The":[108,194,210],"first":[109,192],"level":[110,170,196],"contains":[111],"five":[112],"classifiers":[113],"(subjective":[114],"classifiers):":[115],"perceptron":[117,125,201],"coupled":[118,126,139],"color":[120,128],"local":[121],"binary":[122],"patterns,":[123],"histograms":[129],"oriented":[131],"gradients,":[132],"generative":[134],"adversarial":[135],"network":[136],"(for":[137],"segmentation)":[138],"ABCD":[141],"rule,":[142],"ResNet,":[144],"AlexNet.":[147],"They":[148],"are":[149,257],"chosen":[150],"experimentally":[151],"consider":[153],"following":[155],"features":[156],"melanomas:":[158],"texture,":[159],"shape,":[160],"color,":[161],"size,":[162],"convolutional":[164],"pixel":[165],"connections.":[166],"At":[167],"second":[169,195],"(objective":[171],"level),":[172],"one":[173,230],"classifier":[174,243,264],"(perceptron-type)":[175],"decides":[176],"whether":[177],"lesion":[179],"melanoma,":[182],"learning-adjusted":[185],"weight":[186],"decisions":[189],"at":[190],"level.":[193],"back-propagation":[200],"provides":[203],"final":[205],"(melanoma":[207],"or":[208],"non-melanoma).":[209],"subjective":[211],"objective":[213,242],"undergo":[215],"separate":[217],"training":[218],"phases.":[219],"This":[220,234],"approach":[221],"allows":[222],"an":[223,245,250],"easier":[224],"transition":[225],"database":[231],"another.":[233],"study":[235],"shows":[236],"use":[239],"brings":[244],"accuracy":[246],"97.5%":[248],"$F1$":[251],"score":[252],"97.47%.":[254],"These":[255],"results":[256],"better":[258],"than":[259],"those":[260,266],"individual":[263],"previous":[269],"literature":[270],"mentioned":[271],"References.":[273]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
