{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3090704670","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3028043","title":"Driver Pattern Identification in Road Crashes in Spain","display_name":"Driver Pattern Identification in Road Crashes in Spain","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3090704670","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3028043","mag":"3090704670"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.3028043","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3028043","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09210610.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09210610.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050571813","display_name":"Almudena Sanjurjo-de-No","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3859-1590"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I88060688","display_name":"Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Madrid","ror":"https://ror.org/03n6nwv02","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I88060688"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Almudena Sanjurjo-De-No","raw_affiliation_strings":["Instituto Universitario de Investigaci\u00f3n del Autom\u00f3vil Francisco Aparicio Izquierdo (INSIA-UPM), Escuela T\u00e9cnica Superior de Ingenieros Industriales (ETSII), Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Madrid (UPM), Madrid, Spain"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3859-1590","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Instituto Universitario de Investigaci\u00f3n del Autom\u00f3vil Francisco Aparicio Izquierdo (INSIA-UPM), Escuela T\u00e9cnica Superior de Ingenieros Industriales (ETSII), Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Madrid (UPM), Madrid, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I88060688"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034999067","display_name":"Blanca Arenas Ram\u00edrez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0446-6417"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I88060688","display_name":"Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Madrid","ror":"https://ror.org/03n6nwv02","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I88060688"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Blanca Arenas-Ramirez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Instituto Universitario de Investigaci\u00f3n del Autom\u00f3vil Francisco Aparicio Izquierdo (INSIA-UPM), Escuela T\u00e9cnica Superior de Ingenieros Industriales (ETSII), Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Madrid (UPM), Madrid, Spain"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0446-6417","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Instituto Universitario de Investigaci\u00f3n del Autom\u00f3vil Francisco Aparicio Izquierdo (INSIA-UPM), Escuela T\u00e9cnica Superior de Ingenieros Industriales (ETSII), Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Madrid (UPM), Madrid, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I88060688"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110081092","display_name":"Jos\u00e9 Mira","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I88060688","display_name":"Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Madrid","ror":"https://ror.org/03n6nwv02","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I88060688"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jose Mira","raw_affiliation_strings":["Escuela T\u00e9cnica Superior de Ingenieros Industriales (ETSII), Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Madrid (UPM), Madrid, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Escuela T\u00e9cnica Superior de Ingenieros Industriales (ETSII), Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Madrid (UPM), Madrid, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I88060688"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020102464","display_name":"Francisco Aparicio-Izquierdo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4872-7706"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I88060688","display_name":"Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Madrid","ror":"https://ror.org/03n6nwv02","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I88060688"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Francisco Aparicio-Izquierdo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Instituto Universitario de Investigaci\u00f3n del Autom\u00f3vil Francisco Aparicio Izquierdo (INSIA-UPM), Escuela T\u00e9cnica Superior de Ingenieros Industriales (ETSII), Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Madrid (UPM), Madrid, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Instituto Universitario de Investigaci\u00f3n del Autom\u00f3vil Francisco Aparicio Izquierdo (INSIA-UPM), Escuela T\u00e9cnica Superior de Ingenieros Industriales (ETSII), Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Madrid (UPM), Madrid, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I88060688"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":1.5329,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":11,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.81656336,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":null,"first_page":"182014","last_page":"182025"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10370","display_name":"Traffic and Road Safety","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2213","display_name":"Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10370","display_name":"Traffic and Road Safety","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2213","display_name":"Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11099","display_name":"Autonomous Vehicle Technology and Safety","score":0.9871000051498413,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10525","display_name":"Human-Automation Interaction and Safety","score":0.9857000112533569,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multivariate-statistics","display_name":"Multivariate statistics","score":0.7241858243942261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/identification","display_name":"Identification (biology)","score":0.6692267656326294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multivariate-analysis","display_name":"Multivariate analysis","score":0.6535815596580505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/collision","display_name":"Collision","score":0.6265567541122437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5597890019416809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cluster-analysis","display_name":"Cluster analysis","score":0.5392194390296936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dimension","display_name":"Dimension (graph theory)","score":0.5257899761199951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transport-engineering","display_name":"Transport engineering","score":0.4251036047935486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.30439960956573486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.18970105051994324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.17137598991394043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.1597658395767212},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.12664049863815308}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161584116","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1952580","display_name":"Multivariate statistics","level":2,"score":0.7241858243942261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116834253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217","display_name":"Identification (biology)","level":2,"score":0.6692267656326294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38180746","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1952580","display_name":"Multivariate analysis","level":2,"score":0.6535815596580505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121704057","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q352070","display_name":"Collision","level":2,"score":0.6265567541122437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5597890019416809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73555534","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622825","display_name":"Cluster analysis","level":2,"score":0.5392194390296936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33676613","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13415176","display_name":"Dimension (graph theory)","level":2,"score":0.5257899761199951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22212356","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q775325","display_name":"Transport engineering","level":1,"score":0.4251036047935486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.30439960956573486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.18970105051994324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.17137598991394043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.1597658395767212},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.12664049863815308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.3028043","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3028043","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09210610.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:61936ad5e1d94a9eb032d01c84453a91","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/61936ad5e1d94a9eb032d01c84453a91","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 8, Pp 182014-182025 (2020)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.3028043","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3028043","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09210610.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.4099999964237213,"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5439341855","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"P2018/EMT-4362","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320313831","funder_display_name":"Comunidad de Madrid"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7445864139","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"SEGVAUTO 4.0-CM","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320313831","funder_display_name":"Comunidad de Madrid"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320313831","display_name":"Comunidad de Madrid","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327238","display_name":"Direcci\u00f3n General de Tr\u00e1fico","ror":"https://ror.org/01z7eb286"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3090704670.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3090704670.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":44,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W26702797","https://openalex.org/W332743987","https://openalex.org/W1174407612","https://openalex.org/W1450673703","https://openalex.org/W1490454746","https://openalex.org/W1540711569","https://openalex.org/W1552762231","https://openalex.org/W1569512666","https://openalex.org/W1966664969","https://openalex.org/W1980399291","https://openalex.org/W1988246721","https://openalex.org/W1997846305","https://openalex.org/W2004111351","https://openalex.org/W2012091042","https://openalex.org/W2014893466","https://openalex.org/W2037528341","https://openalex.org/W2040324700","https://openalex.org/W2043609323","https://openalex.org/W2045233237","https://openalex.org/W2045908891","https://openalex.org/W2046071287","https://openalex.org/W2046079134","https://openalex.org/W2055930165","https://openalex.org/W2058360608","https://openalex.org/W2071636086","https://openalex.org/W2079810998","https://openalex.org/W2089726493","https://openalex.org/W2091780607","https://openalex.org/W2093644827","https://openalex.org/W2094614008","https://openalex.org/W2095377715","https://openalex.org/W2100852207","https://openalex.org/W2101619928","https://openalex.org/W2102297274","https://openalex.org/W2103162083","https://openalex.org/W2111970122","https://openalex.org/W2158363765","https://openalex.org/W2169510099","https://openalex.org/W2470705057","https://openalex.org/W2582743722","https://openalex.org/W2616831333","https://openalex.org/W2765986909","https://openalex.org/W2844550192","https://openalex.org/W6675078091"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2406638334","https://openalex.org/W40745829","https://openalex.org/W4318262572","https://openalex.org/W1978357124","https://openalex.org/W1578824628","https://openalex.org/W2032728545","https://openalex.org/W1570805059","https://openalex.org/W4250754046","https://openalex.org/W4243682621","https://openalex.org/W2036849593"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Extracting":[0],"driver":[1,30,106,159,193],"collision":[2,10,80],"patterns":[3,81],"by":[4,233],"gender":[5,182],"and":[6,12,41,79,135,153,172,175,183],"age":[7,184],"regarding":[8],"offences,":[9],"type":[11,150,165,174],"injury":[13],"severity":[14,137],"is":[15,35,108],"very":[16],"useful":[17],"in":[18,59,72,143,162,205,210,220],"road":[19,93,133,206,234],"safety,":[20],"providing":[21,196],"a":[22,51,224],"better":[23,226],"understanding":[24],"on":[25,50,103,147],"behavior":[26,160,194],"of":[27,88,96,120,132,138,151,166,177,185,212,214,228],"the":[28,36,60,73,86,111,121,130,136,164,173,186,240],"different":[29,191],"groups.":[31],"Self-Organizing":[32],"Map":[33],"(SOM)":[34],"tool":[37],"proposed":[38],"for":[39,100,116],"distributing":[40],"projecting":[42],"145,904":[43],"drivers":[44,55],"according":[45],"to":[46,84,91,181],"8":[47],"offence":[48,67,107],"variables":[49],"2D":[52],"map.":[53],"Thus,":[54],"who":[56],"are":[57,82,98,156],"close":[58],"original":[61],"8D":[62],"space":[63],"(one":[64],"dimension":[65],"per":[66],"variable),":[68],"will":[69],"remain":[70],"so":[71],"projected":[74],"one":[75],"(2D).":[76],"Multivariate":[77],"driving":[78],"explored":[83],"support":[85],"development":[87,213],"future":[89],"measures":[90],"improve":[92],"safety.":[94],"Tests":[95],"proportions":[97],"used":[99],"shedding":[101],"light":[102],"clusters":[104],"where":[105],"present.":[109],"Finally,":[110],"SOM":[112],"results":[113,127,218],"were":[114],"compared":[115],"validation":[117],"with":[118,179],"those":[119],"standard":[122],"K-Means":[123],"clustering":[124],"technique.":[125],"The":[126,217],"show":[128],"that":[129],"characteristics":[131],"crashes":[134],"injuries":[139],"depend":[140],"jointly,":[141],"i.e.,":[142],"multivariate":[144,158,192],"(pattern)":[145],"terms,":[146],"gender,":[148],"age,":[149],"collisions":[152,167],"offences.":[154],"There":[155],"relevant":[157],"differences":[161],"both":[163],"(and":[168],"therefore":[169],"their":[170,199],"severity)":[171],"number":[176],"offences":[178],"regard":[180],"driver.":[187],"This":[188],"research":[189],"unveils":[190],"patterns,":[195],"information":[197],"about":[198],"relative":[200],"importance":[201],"(proportion),":[202],"which":[203],"helps":[204],"policy":[207],"decision":[208,221],"making":[209,222],"terms":[211],"prevention":[215],"measures.":[216],"help":[219],"through":[223],"potentially":[225],"allocation":[227],"resources":[229],"as":[230,239],"carried":[231],"out":[232],"safety":[235],"regulating":[236],"offices":[237],"such":[238],"Spanish":[241],"Traffic":[242],"General":[243,246],"Directorate":[244],"(Direcci\u00f3n":[245],"de":[247],"Tr\u00e1fico,":[248],"DGT).":[249]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}