{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3090495827","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3027805","title":"Tissue-Type Classification With Uncertainty Quantification of Microwave and Ultrasound Breast Imaging: A Deep Learning Approach","display_name":"Tissue-Type Classification With Uncertainty Quantification of Microwave and Ultrasound Breast Imaging: A Deep Learning Approach","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3090495827","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3027805","mag":"3090495827"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.3027805","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3027805","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09210075.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09210075.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103189099","display_name":"Pedram Mojabi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0833-2080"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I46247651","display_name":"University of Manitoba","ror":"https://ror.org/02gfys938","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I46247651"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Pedram Mojabi","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0833-2080","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I46247651"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038311517","display_name":"Vahab Khoshdel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6241-8467"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I46247651","display_name":"University of Manitoba","ror":"https://ror.org/02gfys938","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I46247651"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vahab Khoshdel","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I46247651"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075287288","display_name":"Joe LoVetri","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9882-0004"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I46247651","display_name":"University of Manitoba","ror":"https://ror.org/02gfys938","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I46247651"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joe Lovetri","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9882-0004","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I46247651"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5103189099"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I46247651"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":2.4378,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":44,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88859923,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":null,"first_page":"182092","last_page":"182104"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11739","display_name":"Microwave Imaging and Scattering Analysis","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11739","display_name":"Microwave Imaging and Scattering Analysis","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10662","display_name":"Ultrasonics and Acoustic Wave Propagation","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2211","display_name":"Mechanics of Materials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10727","display_name":"Ultrasound Imaging and Elastography","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6680293083190918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6409622430801392},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.5543597340583801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microwave-imaging","display_name":"Microwave imaging","score":0.5463148355484009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/iterative-reconstruction","display_name":"Iterative reconstruction","score":0.4963293671607971},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.4852883517742157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pixel","display_name":"Pixel","score":0.46774154901504517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mammography","display_name":"Mammography","score":0.4599435031414032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ultrasonic-sensor","display_name":"Ultrasonic sensor","score":0.4569362699985504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.4168151915073395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microwave","display_name":"Microwave","score":0.24712106585502625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acoustics","display_name":"Acoustics","score":0.18864914774894714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.11708638072013855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/breast-cancer","display_name":"Breast cancer","score":0.0902366042137146}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6680293083190918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6409622430801392},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.5543597340583801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779885931","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17010029","display_name":"Microwave imaging","level":3,"score":0.5463148355484009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141379421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6094427","display_name":"Iterative reconstruction","level":2,"score":0.4963293671607971},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4852883517742157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160633673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355198","display_name":"Pixel","level":2,"score":0.46774154901504517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780472235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q324634","display_name":"Mammography","level":4,"score":0.4599435031414032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81288441","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20736125","display_name":"Ultrasonic sensor","level":2,"score":0.4569362699985504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.4168151915073395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44838205","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q127995","display_name":"Microwave","level":2,"score":0.24712106585502625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.18864914774894714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.11708638072013855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C530470458","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128581","display_name":"Breast cancer","level":3,"score":0.0902366042137146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121608353","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12078","display_name":"Cancer","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.3027805","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3027805","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09210075.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:cd038258e25945c492d7d6216a247b2b","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/cd038258e25945c492d7d6216a247b2b","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 8, Pp 182092-182104 (2020)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.3027805","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3027805","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09210075.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.47999998927116394}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320310537","display_name":"University of Calgary","ror":"https://ror.org/03yjb2x39"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322675","display_name":"Mitacs","ror":"https://ror.org/00cjrc276"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334593","display_name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","ror":"https://ror.org/01h531d29"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3090495827.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3090495827.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":49,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1686810756","https://openalex.org/W1901129140","https://openalex.org/W1984200981","https://openalex.org/W2002951358","https://openalex.org/W2027367559","https://openalex.org/W2044319898","https://openalex.org/W2051259367","https://openalex.org/W2056641850","https://openalex.org/W2101422133","https://openalex.org/W2103662688","https://openalex.org/W2125960846","https://openalex.org/W2141595148","https://openalex.org/W2144964520","https://openalex.org/W2150274370","https://openalex.org/W2152593146","https://openalex.org/W2159093091","https://openalex.org/W2160421797","https://openalex.org/W2163605009","https://openalex.org/W2170315284","https://openalex.org/W2170347497","https://openalex.org/W2224344929","https://openalex.org/W2345102747","https://openalex.org/W2478138006","https://openalex.org/W2591703419","https://openalex.org/W2619956544","https://openalex.org/W2755736376","https://openalex.org/W2755754548","https://openalex.org/W2762685704","https://openalex.org/W2763160469","https://openalex.org/W2886988378","https://openalex.org/W2887492545","https://openalex.org/W2894120608","https://openalex.org/W2897755679","https://openalex.org/W2901175140","https://openalex.org/W2901298689","https://openalex.org/W2921418042","https://openalex.org/W2931991125","https://openalex.org/W2957559077","https://openalex.org/W2963003007","https://openalex.org/W2964269625","https://openalex.org/W2973515967","https://openalex.org/W2977542917","https://openalex.org/W2982501796","https://openalex.org/W3048510989","https://openalex.org/W3098900881","https://openalex.org/W6637373629","https://openalex.org/W6639824700","https://openalex.org/W6684191040","https://openalex.org/W6756219596"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1514924336","https://openalex.org/W3135697610","https://openalex.org/W2085033728","https://openalex.org/W4285411112","https://openalex.org/W2171299904","https://openalex.org/W2618703391","https://openalex.org/W1647606319","https://openalex.org/W2922442631","https://openalex.org/W2151924555","https://openalex.org/W2288980953"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"deep":[1],"learning":[2],"approach":[3,21,164],"is":[4,22,98,103,123,140,165],"proposed":[5,159],"for":[6,106,125],"performing":[7],"tissue-type":[8,67,85,94,172],"classification":[9,41,68,160,173],"of":[10,17,42,48,89,129],"tomographic":[11,46],"microwave":[12],"and":[13,56,116,132,136,161],"ultrasound":[14,137],"property":[15,80],"images":[16],"the":[18,31,37,40,64,70,78,126],"breast.":[19],"The":[20,73,87,119,158],"based":[23,175],"on":[24,176],"a":[25,83,93,169,177],"convolutional":[26],"neural":[27],"network":[28],"(CNN)":[29],"utilizing":[30],"U-net":[32],"architecture":[33],"that":[34],"also":[35],"quantifies":[36],"uncertainty":[38,101,162],"in":[39,91],"each":[43,96],"pixel.":[44],"Quantitative":[45],"reconstructions":[47,81],"dielectric":[49,131],"properties":[50,54],"(complex-valued":[51],"permittivity),":[52],"ultrasonic":[53,133],"(compressibility":[55],"attenuation),":[57],"as":[58,60],"well":[59],"their":[61],"combination,":[62],"with":[63],"corresponding":[65],"actual":[66],"constitute":[69],"training":[71],"set.":[72],"CNN":[74],"learns":[75],"to":[76,82,112,154,167],"map":[77],"quantitative":[79,127],"single":[84],"image.":[86],"level":[88],"confidence":[90],"predicting":[92],"at":[95],"pixel":[97],"determined.":[99],"This":[100],"quantification":[102,163],"diagnostically":[104],"critical":[105],"biomedical":[107],"applications,":[108],"especially":[109],"when":[110],"attempting":[111],"distinguish":[113],"between":[114],"cancerous":[115],"healthy":[117],"tissues.":[118],"Gauss-Newton":[120],"Inversion":[121],"algorithm":[122],"used":[124],"reconstruction":[128],"both":[130],"properties.":[134],"Electromagnetic":[135],"scattered-field":[138],"data":[139],"obtained":[141],"from":[142,152],"MRI-derived":[143],"numerical":[144,148],"breast":[145,149],"phantoms.":[146],"Several":[147],"phantoms":[150],"types,":[151],"fatty":[153],"dense,":[155],"are":[156],"considered.":[157],"shown":[166],"outperform":[168],"previously":[170],"studied":[171],"method":[174],"Bayesian":[178],"approach.":[179]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":9}],"updated_date":"2026-05-12T08:28:47.272897","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}