{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3088643090","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3026479","title":"Prediction of Drug-Target Interactions by Ensemble Learning Method From Protein Sequence and Drug Fingerprint","display_name":"Prediction of Drug-Target Interactions by Ensemble Learning Method From Protein Sequence and Drug Fingerprint","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3088643090","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3026479","mag":"3088643090"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.3026479","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3026479","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09205581.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09205581.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022540460","display_name":"Xinke Zhan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1235-3220"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210162994","display_name":"Xijing University","ror":"https://ror.org/05xsjkb63","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210162994"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xinke Zhan","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information Engineering, Xijing University, Xi\u2019an, China","College of Information Engineering, Xijing University, Xi'an, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1235-3220","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information Engineering, Xijing University, Xi\u2019an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210162994"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information Engineering, Xijing University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210162994"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101527931","display_name":"Zhu\u2010Hong You","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7373-7922"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210162994","display_name":"Xijing University","ror":"https://ror.org/05xsjkb63","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210162994"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhu-Hong You","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information Engineering, Xijing University, Xi\u2019an, China","College of Information Engineering, Xijing University, Xi'an, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information Engineering, Xijing University, Xi\u2019an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210162994"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information Engineering, Xijing University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210162994"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069468794","display_name":"Jinfan Cai","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210162994","display_name":"Xijing University","ror":"https://ror.org/05xsjkb63","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210162994"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jinfan Cai","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information Engineering, Xijing University, Xi\u2019an, China","College of Information Engineering, Xijing University, Xi'an, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information Engineering, Xijing University, Xi\u2019an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210162994"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information Engineering, Xijing University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210162994"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082172794","display_name":"Liping Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7785-929X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210162994","display_name":"Xijing University","ror":"https://ror.org/05xsjkb63","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210162994"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Liping Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information Engineering, Xijing University, Xi\u2019an, China","College of Information Engineering, Xijing University, Xi'an, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information Engineering, Xijing University, Xi\u2019an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210162994"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information Engineering, Xijing University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210162994"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047290329","display_name":"Chang-Qing Yu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4712-8784"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210162994","display_name":"Xijing University","ror":"https://ror.org/05xsjkb63","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210162994"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Changqing Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information Engineering, Xijing University, Xi\u2019an, China","College of Information Engineering, Xijing University, Xi'an, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information Engineering, Xijing University, Xi\u2019an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210162994"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information Engineering, Xijing University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210162994"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064538645","display_name":"Jie Pan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4993-298X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210162994","display_name":"Xijing University","ror":"https://ror.org/05xsjkb63","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210162994"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jie Pan","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information Engineering, Xijing University, Xi\u2019an, China","College of Information Engineering, Xijing University, Xi'an, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information Engineering, Xijing University, Xi\u2019an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210162994"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information Engineering, Xijing University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210162994"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027363337","display_name":"Jiangkun Kong","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210162994","display_name":"Xijing University","ror":"https://ror.org/05xsjkb63","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210162994"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiangkun Kong","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information Engineering, Xijing University, Xi\u2019an, China","College of Information Engineering, Xijing University, Xi'an, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information Engineering, Xijing University, Xi\u2019an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210162994"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information Engineering, Xijing University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210162994"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210162994"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":1.105,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":16,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.83065217,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":null,"first_page":"185465","last_page":"185476"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10211","display_name":"Computational Drug Discovery Methods","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10211","display_name":"Computational Drug Discovery Methods","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10044","display_name":"Protein Structure and Dynamics","score":0.9886999726295471,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10887","display_name":"Bioinformatics and Genomic Networks","score":0.9747999906539917,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fingerprint","display_name":"Fingerprint (computing)","score":0.7223292589187622},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6046398878097534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/drug","display_name":"Drug","score":0.5642691850662231},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sequence","display_name":"Sequence (biology)","score":0.4924055337905884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ensemble-learning","display_name":"Ensemble learning","score":0.4793204069137573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.47309306263923645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pharmaceutical-drug","display_name":"Pharmaceutical drug","score":0.4609437882900238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/drug-target","display_name":"Drug target","score":0.43743130564689636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.3423909544944763},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chemistry","display_name":"Chemistry","score":0.19731000065803528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pharmacology","display_name":"Pharmacology","score":0.1300109624862671},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.07315301895141602}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777826928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3745713","display_name":"Fingerprint (computing)","level":2,"score":0.7223292589187622},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6046398878097534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780035454","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8386","display_name":"Drug","level":2,"score":0.5642691850662231},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778112365","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3511065","display_name":"Sequence (biology)","level":2,"score":0.4924055337905884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45942800","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245652","display_name":"Ensemble learning","level":2,"score":0.4793204069137573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.47309306263923645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779535233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12140","display_name":"Pharmaceutical drug","level":3,"score":0.4609437882900238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2989108626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q904407","display_name":"Drug target","level":2,"score":0.43743130564689636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3423909544944763},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.19731000065803528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98274493","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128406","display_name":"Pharmacology","level":1,"score":0.1300109624862671},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.07315301895141602},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.3026479","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3026479","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09205581.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:d0aff23d0f4442ba898662f4f07689e3","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/d0aff23d0f4442ba898662f4f07689e3","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 8, Pp 185465-185476 (2020)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.3026479","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3026479","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09205581.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5294168992","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61873212","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G82793888","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61722212","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3088643090.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3088643090.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":59,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1607979445","https://openalex.org/W1969051510","https://openalex.org/W1975601078","https://openalex.org/W2001586003","https://openalex.org/W2006286139","https://openalex.org/W2009313526","https://openalex.org/W2020639753","https://openalex.org/W2021312899","https://openalex.org/W2023980306","https://openalex.org/W2047708582","https://openalex.org/W2048565304","https://openalex.org/W2058708125","https://openalex.org/W2066201825","https://openalex.org/W2068271330","https://openalex.org/W2069676201","https://openalex.org/W2093117046","https://openalex.org/W2097290407","https://openalex.org/W2099536767","https://openalex.org/W2108069034","https://openalex.org/W2120247083","https://openalex.org/W2135007932","https://openalex.org/W2139516171","https://openalex.org/W2143943547","https://openalex.org/W2144000913","https://openalex.org/W2150757437","https://openalex.org/W2153635508","https://openalex.org/W2161607603","https://openalex.org/W2162011385","https://openalex.org/W2165674132","https://openalex.org/W2166550586","https://openalex.org/W2170146596","https://openalex.org/W2178378573","https://openalex.org/W2234741790","https://openalex.org/W2256553158","https://openalex.org/W2295730657","https://openalex.org/W2297764176","https://openalex.org/W2347153915","https://openalex.org/W2469049024","https://openalex.org/W2558825838","https://openalex.org/W2563206593","https://openalex.org/W2608081584","https://openalex.org/W2614433385","https://openalex.org/W2623060321","https://openalex.org/W2729788619","https://openalex.org/W2750547662","https://openalex.org/W2765729126","https://openalex.org/W2770663710","https://openalex.org/W2900758217","https://openalex.org/W2950840494","https://openalex.org/W2974658886","https://openalex.org/W2987928072","https://openalex.org/W2988260770","https://openalex.org/W3006121805","https://openalex.org/W3017341961","https://openalex.org/W3104200938","https://openalex.org/W3205026263","https://openalex.org/W6697600683","https://openalex.org/W6745121490","https://openalex.org/W6770414484"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2339806289","https://openalex.org/W2368132270","https://openalex.org/W2173185020","https://openalex.org/W4205397417","https://openalex.org/W2157505264","https://openalex.org/W109501413","https://openalex.org/W2075134888","https://openalex.org/W4388857868","https://openalex.org/W2946784807","https://openalex.org/W4312797710"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Predicting":[0],"the":[1,20,75,83,87,95,101,107,125,130,151,166,171,175,179,195,209],"target-drug":[2],"interactions":[3,22],"(DITs)":[4],"is":[5,26,34,79,92,97,113,121,132,198,206],"of":[6,90,110,156,174],"great":[7,36],"important":[8],"for":[9,38,71,202,217],"screening":[10],"new":[11],"drug":[12,111],"candidate":[13],"and":[14,30,67,106,146,160,185,200],"understanding":[15],"biological":[16],"processes.":[17],"However,":[18],"identifying":[19],"drug-target":[21,127],"through":[23],"traditional":[24],"experiments":[25],"still":[27],"costly,":[28],"laborious":[29],"complicated.":[31],"Thus,":[32],"there":[33],"a":[35,52,214,219],"need":[37],"developing":[39],"reliable":[40,199],"computational":[41,54],"methods":[42],"to":[43,99,123],"effectively":[44],"predict":[45],"DTIs.":[46,204,222],"In":[47],"this":[48],"study,":[49],"we":[50,149,169],"report":[51],"novel":[53],"method":[55,177,197,211],"combining":[56],"local":[57],"optimal":[58],"oriented":[59],"pattern":[60],"(LOOP),":[61],"Position":[62],"Specific":[63],"Scoring":[64],"Matrix":[65],"(PSSM)":[66],"Rotation":[68],"Forest":[69],"(RF)":[70],"predicting":[72,203,218],"DTI.":[73],"Specifically,":[74],"target":[76],"protein":[77,91],"sequence":[78],"firstly":[80],"transformed":[81],"as":[82,115],"PSSM,":[84,105],"in":[85],"which":[86],"evolutionary":[88],"information":[89,109],"retained.":[93],"Then,":[94],"LOOP":[96],"used":[98],"extract":[100],"feature":[102],"vectors":[103],"from":[104],"sub-structure":[108],"molecule":[112],"represented":[114],"fingerprint":[116],"features.":[117],"Finally,":[118],"RF":[119],"classifier":[120],"adopted":[122],"infer":[124],"potential":[126,221],"interactions.":[128],"When":[129],"experiment":[131],"carried":[133],"out":[134],"on":[135],"four":[136],"benchmark":[137],"datasets":[138],"including":[139],"enzyme,":[140],"ion":[141],"channel,":[142],"Gprotein-coupled":[143],"receptors":[144],"(GPCRs),":[145],"nuclear":[147],"receptor,":[148],"achieved":[150],"high":[152],"average":[153],"prediction":[154,172],"accuracies":[155],"89.09%,":[157],"87.53%,":[158],"82.05%,":[159],"73.33%":[161],"respectively.":[162],"For":[163],"further":[164],"evaluating":[165],"proposed":[167,176,196,210],"method,":[168],"compare":[170],"performance":[173],"with":[178],"state-of-the-art":[180],"support":[181],"vector":[182],"machine":[183],"(SVM)":[184],"K-Nearest":[186],"Neighbor":[187],"(KNN).":[188],"The":[189],"comprehensive":[190],"experimental":[191],"results":[192],"illustrate":[193],"that":[194,208],"efficiency":[201],"It":[205],"anticipated":[207],"can":[212],"become":[213],"useful":[215],"tool":[216],"large-scale":[220]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}