{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3088834408","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3026171","title":"A Data Mining Approach for Transformer Failure Rate Modeling Based on Daily Oil Chromatographic Data","display_name":"A Data Mining Approach for Transformer Failure Rate Modeling Based on Daily Oil Chromatographic Data","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3088834408","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3026171","mag":"3088834408"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.3026171","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3026171","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09204652.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09204652.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027312104","display_name":"Wei Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4976-1663"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I158842170","display_name":"Chongqing University","ror":"https://ror.org/023rhb549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Wei Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment and System Security and New Technology, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4976-1663","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment and System Security and New Technology, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100362311","display_name":"Xuan Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4629-1662"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I158842170","display_name":"Chongqing University","ror":"https://ror.org/023rhb549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xuan Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment and System Security and New Technology, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment and System Security and New Technology, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028864691","display_name":"Bo Hu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0844-3303"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I158842170","display_name":"Chongqing University","ror":"https://ror.org/023rhb549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bo Hu","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment and System Security and New Technology, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0844-3303","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment and System Security and New Technology, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100778538","display_name":"Jiahao Yan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5160-3341"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I158842170","display_name":"Chongqing University","ror":"https://ror.org/023rhb549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiahao Yan","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment and System Security and New Technology, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5160-3341","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment and System Security and New Technology, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001989111","display_name":"Lvbing Peng","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I158842170","display_name":"Chongqing University","ror":"https://ror.org/023rhb549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lvbing Peng","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment and System Security and New Technology, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment and System Security and New Technology, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101624829","display_name":"Yue Sun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8062-5670"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I158842170","display_name":"Chongqing University","ror":"https://ror.org/023rhb549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yue Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment and System Security and New Technology, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment and System Security and New Technology, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101986940","display_name":"Xin Cheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2851-6378"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I158842170","display_name":"Chongqing University","ror":"https://ror.org/023rhb549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xin Cheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment and System Security and New Technology, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2851-6378","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment and System Security and New Technology, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053684153","display_name":"Jinfeng Ding","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I158842170","display_name":"Chongqing University","ror":"https://ror.org/023rhb549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jinfeng Ding","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment and System Security and New Technology, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment and System Security and New Technology, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017941662","display_name":"Kaigui Xie","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7057-4304"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I158842170","display_name":"Chongqing University","ror":"https://ror.org/023rhb549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kaigui Xie","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment and System Security and New Technology, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7057-4304","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment and System Security and New Technology, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034904632","display_name":"Qinglong Liao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1692-0429"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qinglong Liao","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Grid Chongqing Electric Power Research Institute, Chongqing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Grid Chongqing Electric Power Research Institute, Chongqing, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001778158","display_name":"Lingyun Wan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5764-7364"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lingyun Wan","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Grid Chongqing Electric Power Research Institute, Chongqing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Grid Chongqing Electric Power Research Institute, Chongqing, China","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":11,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5027312104"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":1.2482,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":20,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.79868348,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":null,"first_page":"174009","last_page":"174022"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11343","display_name":"Power Transformer Diagnostics and Insulation","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11343","display_name":"Power Transformer Diagnostics and Insulation","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13429","display_name":"Electricity Theft Detection Techniques","score":0.994700014591217,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11052","display_name":"Energy Load and Power Forecasting","score":0.9934999942779541,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/failure-rate","display_name":"Failure rate","score":0.762648344039917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability-engineering","display_name":"Reliability engineering","score":0.6280309557914734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transformer","display_name":"Transformer","score":0.619635820388794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5534692406654358},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transformer-oil","display_name":"Transformer oil","score":0.5082480311393738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dissolved-gas-analysis","display_name":"Dissolved gas analysis","score":0.4945316016674042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.4358869791030884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.2818416357040405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.19656944274902344}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163164238","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2737027","display_name":"Failure rate","level":2,"score":0.762648344039917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200601418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2193887","display_name":"Reliability engineering","level":1,"score":0.6280309557914734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66322947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11658","display_name":"Transformer","level":3,"score":0.619635820388794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5534692406654358},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C181335627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901418","display_name":"Transformer oil","level":4,"score":0.5082480311393738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81818771","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q787515","display_name":"Dissolved gas analysis","level":5,"score":0.4945316016674042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.4358869791030884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2818416357040405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.19656944274902344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.3026171","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3026171","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09204652.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:d033649c406d49d5935a69c2faab1cb2","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/d033649c406d49d5935a69c2faab1cb2","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 8, Pp 174009-174022 (2020)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.3026171","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3026171","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09204652.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3556952938","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"5100-201999332A-0-0-00","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326707","funder_display_name":"State Grid Corporation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8717885061","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"5100-201999332A-0-0-00","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335967","funder_display_name":"Science and Technology Project of State Grid"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321547","display_name":"China University of Petroleum, Beijing","ror":"https://ror.org/041qf4r12"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326707","display_name":"State Grid Corporation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/05twwhs70"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335967","display_name":"Science and Technology Project of State Grid","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3088834408.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3088834408.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":53,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W82275334","https://openalex.org/W1569468020","https://openalex.org/W1990804385","https://openalex.org/W1997731496","https://openalex.org/W2003318329","https://openalex.org/W2026566079","https://openalex.org/W2048907231","https://openalex.org/W2067248431","https://openalex.org/W2089978275","https://openalex.org/W2097407510","https://openalex.org/W2100273549","https://openalex.org/W2114793344","https://openalex.org/W2116893630","https://openalex.org/W2121589417","https://openalex.org/W2149447924","https://openalex.org/W2158071052","https://openalex.org/W2160291822","https://openalex.org/W2165982332","https://openalex.org/W2385194251","https://openalex.org/W2406397217","https://openalex.org/W2444690661","https://openalex.org/W2468457481","https://openalex.org/W2500834297","https://openalex.org/W2535500033","https://openalex.org/W2572496364","https://openalex.org/W2606436201","https://openalex.org/W2608946692","https://openalex.org/W2610557515","https://openalex.org/W2624220717","https://openalex.org/W2758498471","https://openalex.org/W2767587205","https://openalex.org/W2779432642","https://openalex.org/W2792530194","https://openalex.org/W2807046658","https://openalex.org/W2864622186","https://openalex.org/W2893023389","https://openalex.org/W2900185692","https://openalex.org/W2916484015","https://openalex.org/W2944364416","https://openalex.org/W2945876738","https://openalex.org/W2962772482","https://openalex.org/W2965147845","https://openalex.org/W2972862101","https://openalex.org/W2973406612","https://openalex.org/W2979662676","https://openalex.org/W2996907627","https://openalex.org/W3015291549","https://openalex.org/W3026374379","https://openalex.org/W3040828036","https://openalex.org/W3101921698","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W6662606999","https://openalex.org/W6775425395"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2372318178","https://openalex.org/W1968384475","https://openalex.org/W3209466718","https://openalex.org/W2518583941","https://openalex.org/W2337334590","https://openalex.org/W1874058429","https://openalex.org/W2524718329","https://openalex.org/W3216201951","https://openalex.org/W4396855316","https://openalex.org/W1530507059"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Evaluating":[0],"the":[1,10,30,45,48,66,77,83,91,101,109,113,118,121,131,142,149,161,165,169,174,180,183],"real-time":[2],"failure":[3,17,25,106,144,176],"rate":[4,26,145],"of":[5,12,32,47,95,103,112,141,171,182],"transformers":[6,96],"can":[7],"effectively":[8],"guide":[9],"planning":[11],"maintenance":[13,33,104,172],"and":[14,173],"reduce":[15],"their":[16],"risk.":[18],"This":[19],"paper":[20],"proposed":[21,63,162],"a":[22,156],"novel":[23],"transformer":[24,143],"model":[27],"that":[28,160],"considers":[29],"impact":[31,102,170],"based":[34,57],"on":[35,58,105,155],"daily":[36],"oil":[37],"chromatographic":[38],"monitoring":[39,68],"data":[40,72],"mining.":[41],"Firstly,":[42],"to":[43,64,76,89,99,129,148,167],"ensure":[44],"quality":[46],"modeling":[49],"data,":[50],"an":[51,138],"improved":[52],"k-nearest":[53],"neighbor":[54],"(KNN)":[55],"algorithm":[56,60],"genetic":[59],"(GA)":[61],"is":[62,73,87,123,151],"repair":[65],"missing":[67],"data.":[69],"The":[70],"repaired":[71],"then":[74],"mapped":[75],"equivalent":[78,133],"state":[79,134],"duration":[80,135],"(ESD)":[81],"by":[82],"M-BPNN":[84],"proposed,":[85],"which":[86],"used":[88],"modify":[90],"multistate":[92],"Markov":[93],"process":[94],"so":[97],"as":[98],"quantify":[100],"rate.":[107],"Considering":[108],"changing":[110],"characteristics":[111],"dissolved":[114],"gases'":[115],"content":[116],"in":[117,126],"short":[119],"period,":[120],"ESD":[122],"further":[124],"merged":[125,132],"sequential":[127],"periods":[128],"obtain":[130],"(MESD).":[136],"Finally,":[137],"analytical":[139],"function":[140],"with":[146],"respect":[147],"MESD":[150],"obtained.":[152],"Case":[153],"studies":[154],"typical":[157],"substation":[158,184],"demonstrate":[159],"approach":[163],"has":[164],"ability":[166],"characterize":[168],"actual":[175],"rate,":[177],"thereby":[178],"improving":[179],"accuracy":[181],"reliability":[185],"assessment.":[186]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}