{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3085417343","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3023996","title":"Transparent and Soft Haptic Actuator for Interaction With Flexible/Deformable Devices","display_name":"Transparent and Soft Haptic Actuator for Interaction With Flexible/Deformable Devices","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3085417343","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3023996","mag":"3085417343"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.3023996","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3023996","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09195812.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09195812.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081344376","display_name":"Dong\u2010Soo Choi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8694-0965"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210107562","display_name":"Semyung University","ror":"https://ror.org/01d100w34","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210107562"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dong-Soo Choi","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science, Semyung University, Jecheon, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8694-0965","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, Semyung University, Jecheon, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210107562"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004040237","display_name":"Seok\u2010Han Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-1385-2468"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I35886859","display_name":"Korea University of Technology and Education","ror":"https://ror.org/053nycv62","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I35886859"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Seok-Han Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Interaction Laboratory of Advanced Technology Research Center, Korea University of Technology and Education, Cheonan, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Interaction Laboratory of Advanced Technology Research Center, Korea University of Technology and Education, Cheonan, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35886859"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101506947","display_name":"Sang-Youn Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2833-6019"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I35886859","display_name":"Korea University of Technology and Education","ror":"https://ror.org/053nycv62","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I35886859"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sang-Youn Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Interaction Laboratory of Advanced Technology Research Center, Korea University of Technology and Education, Cheonan, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2833-6019","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Interaction Laboratory of Advanced Technology Research Center, Korea University of Technology and Education, Cheonan, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35886859"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":0.9903,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":18,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.73151239,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":null,"first_page":"170853","last_page":"170861"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10914","display_name":"Tactile and Sensory Interactions","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10914","display_name":"Tactile and Sensory Interactions","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10338","display_name":"Advanced Sensor and Energy Harvesting Materials","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10789","display_name":"Interactive and Immersive Displays","score":0.9344000220298767,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/haptic-technology","display_name":"Haptic technology","score":0.8450189828872681},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/actuator","display_name":"Actuator","score":0.8394569158554077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electroactive-polymers","display_name":"Electroactive polymers","score":0.7037389278411865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/silicone-rubber","display_name":"Silicone rubber","score":0.6916667819023132},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.6793004274368286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-conductor","display_name":"Electrical conductor","score":0.5407898426055908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acoustics","display_name":"Acoustics","score":0.526102602481842},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vibration","display_name":"Vibration","score":0.5182780623435974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dielectric","display_name":"Dielectric","score":0.5125682353973389},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dielectric-elastomers","display_name":"Dielectric elastomers","score":0.4868180453777313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/elastomer","display_name":"Elastomer","score":0.47217315435409546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.43448591232299805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4185502231121063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/accelerometer","display_name":"Accelerometer","score":0.4175880551338196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acceleration","display_name":"Acceleration","score":0.4132338762283325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/composite-material","display_name":"Composite material","score":0.32499438524246216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simulation","display_name":"Simulation","score":0.24104666709899902},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optoelectronics","display_name":"Optoelectronics","score":0.22945138812065125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.2290254533290863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.17152118682861328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.12646803259849548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.108073890209198}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152086174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3030571","display_name":"Haptic technology","level":2,"score":0.8450189828872681},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172707124","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q423488","display_name":"Actuator","level":2,"score":0.8394569158554077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167266352","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q543275","display_name":"Electroactive polymers","level":3,"score":0.7037389278411865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776290925","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4115245","display_name":"Silicone rubber","level":2,"score":0.6916667819023132},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.6793004274368286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202374169","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124291","display_name":"Electrical conductor","level":2,"score":0.5407898426055908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.526102602481842},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198394728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3695508","display_name":"Vibration","level":2,"score":0.5182780623435974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133386390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184996","display_name":"Dielectric","level":2,"score":0.5125682353973389},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51044723","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3278107","display_name":"Dielectric elastomers","level":3,"score":0.4868180453777313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38052585","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q252266","display_name":"Elastomer","level":2,"score":0.47217315435409546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.43448591232299805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4185502231121063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89805583","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192940","display_name":"Accelerometer","level":2,"score":0.4175880551338196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117896860","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11376","display_name":"Acceleration","level":2,"score":0.4132338762283325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.32499438524246216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44154836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45045","display_name":"Simulation","level":1,"score":0.24104666709899902},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.22945138812065125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.2290254533290863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.17152118682861328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.12646803259849548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.108073890209198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74650414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11397","display_name":"Classical mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.3023996","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3023996","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09195812.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:45363029cb9d4e45b97bca9abc87a963","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/45363029cb9d4e45b97bca9abc87a963","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 8, Pp 170853-170861 (2020)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.3023996","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3023996","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09195812.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.5699999928474426}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1032908864","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NRF2018R1A6A1A03025526","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","funder_display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G169707181","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NRF-2018R1A6A1A03025526","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321408","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Education"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5229683967","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2020\u20100\u201000594","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335489","funder_display_name":"Institute for Information and Communications Technology Promotion"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7440702319","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2018R1A6A1A03025526","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","funder_display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320671","display_name":"National Research Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/05s0g1g46"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321408","display_name":"Ministry of Education","ror":"https://ror.org/01p262204"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","ror":"https://ror.org/013aysd81"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324891","display_name":"Iran Telecommunication Research Center","ror":"https://ror.org/01a3g2z22"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320328359","display_name":"Ministry of Science and ICT, South Korea","ror":"https://ror.org/01wpjm123"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335489","display_name":"Institute for Information and Communications Technology Promotion","ror":"https://ror.org/01g0hqq23"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3085417343.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3085417343.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":26,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1838495754","https://openalex.org/W1990157444","https://openalex.org/W2004724052","https://openalex.org/W2012571009","https://openalex.org/W2042271756","https://openalex.org/W2088503133","https://openalex.org/W2114231003","https://openalex.org/W2116500100","https://openalex.org/W2156731902","https://openalex.org/W2162562334","https://openalex.org/W2482102732","https://openalex.org/W2556598969","https://openalex.org/W2560238350","https://openalex.org/W2737689118","https://openalex.org/W2740080572","https://openalex.org/W2769970926","https://openalex.org/W2775660867","https://openalex.org/W2795833336","https://openalex.org/W2886189948","https://openalex.org/W2896481691","https://openalex.org/W2899630769","https://openalex.org/W2907710132","https://openalex.org/W2912648566","https://openalex.org/W2947135928","https://openalex.org/W2967926902","https://openalex.org/W6756203082"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2072289622","https://openalex.org/W2161268474","https://openalex.org/W2388189688","https://openalex.org/W1598497691","https://openalex.org/W3142567107","https://openalex.org/W3158761981","https://openalex.org/W2063274374","https://openalex.org/W2888574967","https://openalex.org/W1496010949","https://openalex.org/W2004426603"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"study":[1],"presents":[2],"a":[3,56],"transparent":[4,57,64],"and":[5,24,40,46,58,62,65,81,146,195],"soft":[6,59,66,166],"haptic":[7,18,31,52,109,161],"actuator":[8,53,123,214,226],"based":[9],"on":[10,43],"an":[11,89,170],"electroactive":[12],"polymer":[13],"designed":[14],"to":[15,25,28,94,114,119,158],"create":[16,126],"abundant":[17],"sensations":[19,32],"in":[20,35,84],"flexible/deformable":[21],"next-generation":[22],"devices":[23],"convey":[26],"them":[27],"users.":[29],"The":[30,51,70,220],"are":[33,111,129,149,156],"created":[34],"the":[36,44,49,76,85,95,101,107,122,152,160,164,173,176,180,184,196,204,208,212,224],"form":[37],"of":[38,48,55,163,175,207],"vibrations":[39,127],"vary":[41],"depending":[42],"amplitude":[45],"frequency":[47,186],"vibrations.":[50],"consists":[54],"dielectric":[60,71,140,153],"layer":[61,72],"two":[63,77,96],"ionic":[67,78,97],"conductive":[68,79,98],"layers.":[69,99],"is":[73,82,92,105,189,199,215],"sandwiched":[74],"between":[75],"layers,":[80],"compressed":[83],"thickness":[86],"direction":[87],"when":[88],"electric":[90,103],"field":[91,104],"applied":[93,102],"When":[100],"removed,":[106],"proposed":[108,165,213,225],"actuators":[110,168],"rapidly":[112],"restored":[113],"their":[115],"initial":[116],"configuration.":[117],"Owing":[118],"this":[120,136],"effect,":[121],"can":[124,227],"easily":[125],"that":[128,223],"sufficiently":[130],"strong":[131],"for":[132,151],"human":[133,230],"perception.":[134],"In":[135,172],"study,":[137],"three":[138],"different":[139],"elastomers":[141],"(silicone":[142],"rubber,":[143],"poly":[144],"urethane,":[145],"acrylic":[147],"polymer)":[148],"used":[150],"layer.":[154],"Experiments":[155],"conducted":[157],"investigate":[159],"performance":[162],"vibrotactile":[167],"using":[169],"accelerometer.":[171],"case":[174],"silicone":[177],"rubber-based":[178],"actuator,":[179],"measured":[181],"acceleration":[182],"at":[183],"resonant":[185],"(80":[187],"Hz)":[188],"1.408":[190],"g":[191],"(g":[192],"=":[193],"9.8m/s2)":[194],"response":[197],"time":[198],"approximately":[200],"2.8":[201],"ms.":[202],"Furthermore,":[203],"perceived":[205],"intensity":[206],"stimuli":[209],"generated":[210],"by":[211,217],"verified":[216],"perceptual":[218,234],"experiments.":[219],"results":[221],"indicate":[222],"selectively":[228],"stimulate":[229],"mechanoreceptors":[231],"with":[232],"sufficient":[233],"strength.":[235]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-08-01T09:00:35.917206","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
