{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3086953995","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3022944","title":"Transfer Deep Reinforcement Learning-Enabled Energy Management Strategy for Hybrid Tracked Vehicle","display_name":"Transfer Deep Reinforcement Learning-Enabled Energy Management Strategy for Hybrid Tracked Vehicle","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3086953995","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3022944","mag":"3086953995"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.3022944","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3022944","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09189810.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09189810.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082173143","display_name":"Xiaowei Guo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6526-2579"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32377083","display_name":"Yangtze Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/05v8v7d33","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32377083"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xiaowei Guo","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Robot Engineering, Yangtze Normal University, Fuling, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Robot Engineering, Yangtze Normal University, Fuling, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32377083"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100416715","display_name":"Teng Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5862-0518"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I158842170","display_name":"Chongqing University","ror":"https://ror.org/023rhb549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Teng Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Automotive Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Automotive Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090413997","display_name":"Bangbei Tang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3870-0737"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210110609","display_name":"Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/01rcvq140","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210110609"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bangbei Tang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Intelligent Manufacturing Engineering, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Intelligent Manufacturing Engineering, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210110609"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077232157","display_name":"Xiaolin Tang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5709-291X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I158842170","display_name":"Chongqing University","ror":"https://ror.org/023rhb549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaolin Tang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Automotive Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Automotive Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100392712","display_name":"Jinwei Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9116-358X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I151746483","display_name":"University of Waterloo","ror":"https://ror.org/01aff2v68","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jinwei Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017625507","display_name":"Wenhao Tan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3999-9248"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I158842170","display_name":"Chongqing University","ror":"https://ror.org/023rhb549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wenhao Tan","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Automotive Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Automotive Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066589073","display_name":"Shufeng Jin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0902-6074"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I158842170","display_name":"Chongqing University","ror":"https://ror.org/023rhb549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shufeng Jin","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Automotive Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Automotive Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5082173143"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32377083"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":3.0488,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":48,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91077659,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":null,"first_page":"165837","last_page":"165848"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10808","display_name":"Electric and Hybrid Vehicle Technologies","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10808","display_name":"Electric and Hybrid Vehicle Technologies","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10768","display_name":"Electric Vehicles and Infrastructure","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10663","display_name":"Advanced Battery Technologies Research","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforcement-learning","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","score":0.9010398387908936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/powertrain","display_name":"Powertrain","score":0.824852705001831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7387530207633972},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-management","display_name":"Energy management","score":0.6709707379341125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adaptability","display_name":"Adaptability","score":0.646581768989563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-management-system","display_name":"Energy management system","score":0.47947749495506287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.42716917395591736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electric-vehicle","display_name":"Electric vehicle","score":0.4262388050556183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transfer-of-learning","display_name":"Transfer of learning","score":0.41875702142715454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.4134891927242279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","score":0.4067032039165497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-engineering","display_name":"Control engineering","score":0.40125447511672974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automotive-engineering","display_name":"Automotive engineering","score":0.3318837881088257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.18053263425827026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.16168031096458435}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97541855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830687","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","level":2,"score":0.9010398387908936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76047896","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1786258","display_name":"Powertrain","level":3,"score":0.824852705001831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7387530207633972},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7817414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1779504","display_name":"Energy management","level":3,"score":0.6709707379341125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177606310","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5674297","display_name":"Adaptability","level":2,"score":0.646581768989563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781260460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6139999","display_name":"Energy management system","level":4,"score":0.47947749495506287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.42716917395591736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776422217","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13629441","display_name":"Electric vehicle","level":3,"score":0.4262388050556183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150899416","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1820378","display_name":"Transfer of learning","level":2,"score":0.41875702142715454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.4134891927242279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186370098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q442787","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.4067032039165497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133731056","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4917288","display_name":"Control engineering","level":1,"score":0.40125447511672974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171146098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124192","display_name":"Automotive engineering","level":1,"score":0.3318837881088257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.18053263425827026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.16168031096458435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144171764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48103","display_name":"Torque","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.3022944","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3022944","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09189810.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:33903ce7e932434cbcb0483bd0a838d8","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/33903ce7e932434cbcb0483bd0a838d8","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 8, Pp 165837-165848 (2020)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.3022944","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3022944","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09189810.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.8999999761581421,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3086953995.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3086953995.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":37,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2008791002","https://openalex.org/W2076802686","https://openalex.org/W2097381042","https://openalex.org/W2165698076","https://openalex.org/W2216723610","https://openalex.org/W2257979135","https://openalex.org/W2310937270","https://openalex.org/W2501848157","https://openalex.org/W2509918487","https://openalex.org/W2564551285","https://openalex.org/W2580234402","https://openalex.org/W2588815041","https://openalex.org/W2619984247","https://openalex.org/W2745090846","https://openalex.org/W2752182867","https://openalex.org/W2769605893","https://openalex.org/W2784092749","https://openalex.org/W2784682362","https://openalex.org/W2801441281","https://openalex.org/W2825903071","https://openalex.org/W2901472231","https://openalex.org/W2920406591","https://openalex.org/W2922677020","https://openalex.org/W2936616423","https://openalex.org/W2945493933","https://openalex.org/W2953491274","https://openalex.org/W2970566041","https://openalex.org/W2971254261","https://openalex.org/W2973170470","https://openalex.org/W2973588514","https://openalex.org/W2974005385","https://openalex.org/W2989832664","https://openalex.org/W2990975667","https://openalex.org/W3009193590","https://openalex.org/W3015423868","https://openalex.org/W3016533673","https://openalex.org/W6674600207"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2109769812","https://openalex.org/W2164776125","https://openalex.org/W2953137217","https://openalex.org/W2749199243","https://openalex.org/W2120892143","https://openalex.org/W2136582587","https://openalex.org/W2137409234","https://openalex.org/W2063991943","https://openalex.org/W2162365590","https://openalex.org/W99982270"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,22],"paper":[1],"proposes":[2],"an":[3,36],"adaptive":[4],"energy":[5,64,142],"management":[6,65],"strategy":[7],"for":[8,80,100],"hybrid":[9,42],"electric":[10],"vehicles":[11],"by":[12],"combining":[13],"deep":[14,74],"reinforcement":[15],"learning":[16,20],"(DRL)":[17],"and":[18,123,134,144],"transfer":[19],"(TL).":[21],"work":[23],"aims":[24],"to":[25,61,94,112],"address":[26],"the":[27,48,63,72,91,96,114,117,126],"defect":[28],"of":[29,40,108,116,125,140],"DRL":[30,133],"in":[31],"tedious":[32],"training":[33,82],"time.":[34],"First,":[35],"optimization":[37],"control":[38,57,119,136],"modeling":[39],"a":[41,55,101,106],"tracked":[43],"vehicle":[44],"is":[45,59,70,89,138],"built,":[46],"wherein":[47],"elaborate":[49],"powertrain":[50],"components":[51],"are":[52,110,129],"introduced.":[53],"Then,":[54],"bi-level":[56],"framework":[58],"constructed":[60],"derive":[62],"strategies":[66],"(EMSs).":[67],"The":[68,87,121,131],"upper-level":[69],"applying":[71],"particular":[73],"deterministic":[75],"policy":[76,137],"gradient":[77],"(DDPG)":[78],"algorithms":[79],"EMS":[81,128],"at":[83],"different":[84],"speed":[85],"intervals.":[86],"lower-level":[88],"employing":[90],"TL":[92],"method":[93],"transform":[95],"pre-trained":[97],"neural":[98],"networks":[99],"novel":[102],"driving":[103],"cycle.":[104],"Finally,":[105],"series":[107],"experiments":[109],"executed":[111],"prove":[113],"effectiveness":[115],"presented":[118],"framework.":[120],"optimality":[122],"adaptability":[124],"formulated":[127],"illuminated.":[130],"founded":[132],"TL-enabled":[135],"capable":[139],"enhancing":[141],"efficiency":[143],"improving":[145],"system":[146],"performance.":[147]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}