{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3084852213","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3022932","title":"Antenna Tracking Techniques for Long Range Air-to-Ground Communication Systems Using a Monopulse Method","display_name":"Antenna Tracking Techniques for Long Range Air-to-Ground Communication Systems Using a Monopulse Method","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3084852213","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3022932","mag":"3084852213"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.3022932","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3022932","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09189811.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09189811.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067616767","display_name":"Jaesin Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3814-243X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I197347611","display_name":"Korea University","ror":"https://ror.org/047dqcg40","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I197347611"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801036362","display_name":"Agency for Defense Development","ror":"https://ror.org/05fhe0r85","country_code":"KR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1327899338","https://openalex.org/I1344042128","https://openalex.org/I2801036362","https://openalex.org/I2801339556"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jaesin Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea","The 2nd Research and Development Institute, Agency for Defense Development, Daejeon, South Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197347611"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The 2nd Research and Development Institute, Agency for Defense Development, Daejeon, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801036362"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101795105","display_name":"Jae-Moon Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5667-2012"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801036362","display_name":"Agency for Defense Development","ror":"https://ror.org/05fhe0r85","country_code":"KR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1327899338","https://openalex.org/I1344042128","https://openalex.org/I2801036362","https://openalex.org/I2801339556"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jaemoon Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["The 2nd Research and Development Institute, Agency for Defense Development, Daejeon, South Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The 2nd Research and Development Institute, Agency for Defense Development, Daejeon, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801036362"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100697614","display_name":"Inkyu Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3701-4433"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I197347611","display_name":"Korea University","ror":"https://ror.org/047dqcg40","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I197347611"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Inkyu Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197347611"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5067616767"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197347611","https://openalex.org/I2801036362"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":11.0082,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":13,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97750604,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":null,"first_page":"166442","last_page":"166449"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11133","display_name":"UAV Applications and Optimization","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11133","display_name":"UAV Applications and Optimization","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13121","display_name":"Radio Wave Propagation Studies","score":0.9979000091552734,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11946","display_name":"Antenna Design and Optimization","score":0.9954000115394592,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/amplitude-comparison-monopulse","display_name":"Amplitude-Comparison Monopulse","score":0.9147762060165405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/monopulse-radar","display_name":"Monopulse radar","score":0.8991445302963257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6914187669754028},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications-link","display_name":"Telecommunications link","score":0.5920480489730835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tracking-system","display_name":"Tracking system","score":0.5536747574806213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tracking","display_name":"Tracking (education)","score":0.548974335193634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar-tracker","display_name":"Radar tracker","score":0.5011651515960693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antenna","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","score":0.48288440704345703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.4511057138442993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmission","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","score":0.4291459619998932},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","score":0.427903950214386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kalman-filter","display_name":"Kalman filter","score":0.41233280301094055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.3920069932937622},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.3841725289821625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.2187376320362091},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.1981297731399536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pulse-doppler-radar","display_name":"Pulse-Doppler radar","score":0.15231555700302124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar","display_name":"Radar","score":0.14804911613464355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.13017502427101135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar-imaging","display_name":"Radar imaging","score":0.09675166010856628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar-engineering-details","display_name":"Radar engineering details","score":0.09093627333641052}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82166422","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4748509","display_name":"Amplitude-Comparison Monopulse","level":5,"score":0.9147762060165405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186770734","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622911","display_name":"Monopulse radar","level":5,"score":0.8991445302963257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6914187669754028},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138660444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5607897","display_name":"Telecommunications link","level":2,"score":0.5920480489730835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154586513","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4420972","display_name":"Tracking system","level":3,"score":0.5536747574806213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775936607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466845","display_name":"Tracking (education)","level":2,"score":0.548974335193634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32283439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1407014","display_name":"Radar tracker","level":3,"score":0.5011651515960693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21822782","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131214","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","level":2,"score":0.48288440704345703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.4511057138442993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C761482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118093","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","level":2,"score":0.4291459619998932},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779843651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7390335","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.427903950214386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157286648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846780","display_name":"Kalman filter","level":2,"score":0.41233280301094055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.3920069932937622},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.3841725289821625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.2187376320362091},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.1981297731399536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139931591","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1029151","display_name":"Pulse-Doppler radar","level":4,"score":0.15231555700302124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.14804911613464355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.13017502427101135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10929652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7279985","display_name":"Radar imaging","level":3,"score":0.09675166010856628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134406370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q832005","display_name":"Radar engineering details","level":4,"score":0.09093627333641052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19417346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7922","display_name":"Pedagogy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.3022932","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3022932","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09189811.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:6350be4384fa4c738749cb6364a50580","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/6350be4384fa4c738749cb6364a50580","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 8, Pp 166442-166449 (2020)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.3022932","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3022932","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09189811.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.4699999988079071}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4125700331","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2017R1A2B3012316","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322030","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320671","display_name":"National Research Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/05s0g1g46"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322030","display_name":"Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning","ror":"https://ror.org/032e49973"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3084852213.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3084852213.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":36,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1479928838","https://openalex.org/W1488131479","https://openalex.org/W2038216262","https://openalex.org/W2110902875","https://openalex.org/W2150755414","https://openalex.org/W2151695399","https://openalex.org/W2216291002","https://openalex.org/W2217743545","https://openalex.org/W2268751503","https://openalex.org/W2326273778","https://openalex.org/W2342656438","https://openalex.org/W2415632855","https://openalex.org/W2729025013","https://openalex.org/W2759529277","https://openalex.org/W2805161269","https://openalex.org/W2885423658","https://openalex.org/W2889655092","https://openalex.org/W2896974992","https://openalex.org/W2900876666","https://openalex.org/W2904947504","https://openalex.org/W2912786297","https://openalex.org/W2927314564","https://openalex.org/W2972799305","https://openalex.org/W2979853367","https://openalex.org/W2982033058","https://openalex.org/W2983704043","https://openalex.org/W2985168655","https://openalex.org/W2988676628","https://openalex.org/W2989005460","https://openalex.org/W2994008524","https://openalex.org/W2999707958","https://openalex.org/W3027644164","https://openalex.org/W3102859365","https://openalex.org/W3207541481","https://openalex.org/W6660099363","https://openalex.org/W6803398337"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1864410396","https://openalex.org/W254362308","https://openalex.org/W1972078558","https://openalex.org/W2084616195","https://openalex.org/W1836016860","https://openalex.org/W3014699094","https://openalex.org/W2084270166","https://openalex.org/W1987418984","https://openalex.org/W4210846803","https://openalex.org/W2366430195"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,23],"this":[1,24],"paper,":[2],"we":[3,26,90],"consider":[4],"long":[5,129],"range":[6,130],"air-to-ground":[7],"(AG)":[8],"communication":[9,38,84],"systems":[10],"which":[11,34,71],"support":[12],"airborne":[13],"platforms":[14],"including":[15],"unmanned":[16],"aerial":[17],"vehicles":[18],"(UAVs)":[19],"for":[20,30,128],"real-time":[21],"applications.":[22],"system,":[25],"design":[27],"tracking":[28,64,93,120,156,162],"techniques":[29],"directional":[31],"ground":[32,150],"antennas":[33],"enable":[35],"reliable":[36],"AG":[37,83],"regardless":[39],"of":[40,43,99,101,108,122,141],"dynamic":[41],"maneuvers":[42],"the":[44,82,92,97,105,109,119,139,142,149,154,161],"UAV.":[45],"We":[46],"apply":[47],"a":[48,53,60,73,78,133],"simple":[49],"monopulse":[50,63,155],"method":[51],"and":[52,86,103,158],"fixed":[54],"gain":[55],"filtering":[56],"algorithm":[57],"to":[58],"develop":[59],"single":[61],"channel":[62],"system":[65,125],"with":[66,132],"an":[67],"angular":[68,110],"estimation":[69,111],"filtering,":[70],"exploits":[72],"downlink":[74,143],"signal":[75],"without":[76],"requiring":[77],"dedicated":[79],"channel.":[80],"Through":[81],"prototype":[85,151],"realistic":[87],"flight":[88,114],"tests,":[89],"evaluate":[91],"accuracy":[94,121],"performance":[95],"at":[96],"distance":[98],"hundreds":[100],"kilometers":[102],"demonstrate":[104],"auto-tracking":[106],"capability":[107],"filter.":[112],"The":[113],"test":[115],"results":[116],"show":[117],"that":[118,148],"our":[123],"proposed":[124],"is":[126,146],"sufficient":[127],"transmission":[131],"narrow":[134],"beam":[135],"antenna.":[136],"Also,":[137],"in":[138],"absence":[140],"signal,":[144],"it":[145],"observed":[147],"can":[152],"resume":[153],"procedure,":[157],"successfully":[159],"maintains":[160],"accuracy.":[163]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}