{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3083774508","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3022779","title":"Digital Steganography and Watermarking for Digital Images: A Review of Current Research Directions","display_name":"Digital Steganography and Watermarking for Digital Images: A Review of Current Research Directions","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3083774508","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3022779","mag":"3083774508"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.3022779","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3022779","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09187785.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"review","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09187785.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017562924","display_name":"Oleg Evsutin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8257-2082"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I118501908","display_name":"National Research University Higher School of Economics","ror":"https://ror.org/055f7t516","country_code":"RU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I118501908"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210157430","display_name":"V. A. Trapeznikov Institute of Control Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05f3yt521","country_code":"RU","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1313323035","https://openalex.org/I4210157430","https://openalex.org/I4210164537"]}],"countries":["RU"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Oleg Evsutin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Cyber-Physical Systems Information Security, Higher School of Economics, National Research University, Moscow, Russia","Laboratory of Cyber-Physical Systems, V. A. Trapeznikov Institute of Control Sciences of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8257-2082","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Cyber-Physical Systems Information Security, Higher School of Economics, National Research University, Moscow, Russia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118501908"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratory of Cyber-Physical Systems, V. A. Trapeznikov Institute of Control Sciences of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210157430"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024395877","display_name":"Anna Melman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6444-7774"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114376631","display_name":"Tomsk State University of Control Systems and Radio-Electronics","ror":"https://ror.org/032j5hw78","country_code":"RU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114376631"]}],"countries":["RU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anna Melman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Systems Security, Tomsk State University of Control Systems and Radioelectronics, Tomsk, Russia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6444-7774","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Systems Security, Tomsk State University of Control Systems and Radioelectronics, Tomsk, Russia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114376631"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014515868","display_name":"Roman Meshcheryakov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1129-8434"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210157430","display_name":"V. A. Trapeznikov Institute of Control Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05f3yt521","country_code":"RU","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1313323035","https://openalex.org/I4210157430","https://openalex.org/I4210164537"]}],"countries":["RU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Roman Meshcheryakov","raw_affiliation_strings":["Laboratory of Cyber-Physical Systems, V. A. Trapeznikov Institute of Control Sciences of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratory of Cyber-Physical Systems, V. A. Trapeznikov Institute of Control Sciences of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210157430"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5017562924"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118501908","https://openalex.org/I4210157430"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":6.2763,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":118,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97386638,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":null,"first_page":"166589","last_page":"166611"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10388","display_name":"Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10388","display_name":"Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11017","display_name":"Chaos-based Image/Signal Encryption","score":0.995199978351593,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12357","display_name":"Digital Media Forensic Detection","score":0.989300012588501,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-watermarking","display_name":"Digital watermarking","score":0.8914116024971008},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/steganography","display_name":"Steganography","score":0.8005869388580322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7205714583396912},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/steganography-tools","display_name":"Steganography tools","score":0.6039165258407593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-watermarking-alliance","display_name":"Digital Watermarking Alliance","score":0.5865859985351562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/current","display_name":"Current (fluid)","score":0.5105212926864624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.469127893447876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3927636742591858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-graphics","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","score":0.37897923588752747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.34759509563446045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedding","display_name":"Embedding","score":0.27544593811035156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.19494175910949707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.0594424307346344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.05654004216194153}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150817343","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q875932","display_name":"Digital watermarking","level":3,"score":0.8914116024971008},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108801101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15032","display_name":"Steganography","level":3,"score":0.8005869388580322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7205714583396912},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13179402","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7606662","display_name":"Steganography tools","level":4,"score":0.6039165258407593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C193470923","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5276026","display_name":"Digital Watermarking Alliance","level":4,"score":0.5865859985351562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148043351","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4456944","display_name":"Current (fluid)","level":2,"score":0.5105212926864624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.469127893447876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3927636742591858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121684516","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7600677","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","level":1,"score":0.37897923588752747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.34759509563446045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41608201","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q980509","display_name":"Embedding","level":2,"score":0.27544593811035156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.19494175910949707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0594424307346344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.05654004216194153}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.3022779","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3022779","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09187785.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:d3d6ada33b4049dc8daf026157c07c45","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/d3d6ada33b4049dc8daf026157c07c45","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 8, Pp 166589-166611 (2020)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.3022779","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3022779","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09187785.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G694080889","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"19-71-00106","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324099","funder_display_name":"Russian Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324099","display_name":"Russian Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/03y2gwe85"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3083774508.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3083774508.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":109,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W865336706","https://openalex.org/W1589812914","https://openalex.org/W1967857420","https://openalex.org/W1989479391","https://openalex.org/W2032241916","https://openalex.org/W2040102452","https://openalex.org/W2051713495","https://openalex.org/W2065597859","https://openalex.org/W2079796936","https://openalex.org/W2089113904","https://openalex.org/W2092571803","https://openalex.org/W2121036560","https://openalex.org/W2128855785","https://openalex.org/W2135459805","https://openalex.org/W2161022751","https://openalex.org/W2243472725","https://openalex.org/W2248788127","https://openalex.org/W2305121136","https://openalex.org/W2305894560","https://openalex.org/W2326298076","https://openalex.org/W2330906741","https://openalex.org/W2339370745","https://openalex.org/W2340812294","https://openalex.org/W2402655075","https://openalex.org/W2432201723","https://openalex.org/W2471793248","https://openalex.org/W2514128653","https://openalex.org/W2523153104","https://openalex.org/W2542142185","https://openalex.org/W2561293315","https://openalex.org/W2610892808","https://openalex.org/W2611320059","https://openalex.org/W2612715417","https://openalex.org/W2622258696","https://openalex.org/W2739342534","https://openalex.org/W2747479616","https://openalex.org/W2750204211","https://openalex.org/W2752679278","https://openalex.org/W2753916481","https://openalex.org/W2770125940","https://openalex.org/W2773348626","https://openalex.org/W2775688950","https://openalex.org/W2790708594","https://openalex.org/W2791410808","https://openalex.org/W2791816298","https://openalex.org/W2792489537","https://openalex.org/W2793556343","https://openalex.org/W2793696846","https://openalex.org/W2794624153","https://openalex.org/W2794742486","https://openalex.org/W2794925823","https://openalex.org/W2795574941","https://openalex.org/W2799386263","https://openalex.org/W2800203750","https://openalex.org/W2803063182","https://openalex.org/W2804653448","https://openalex.org/W2808006035","https://openalex.org/W2809815382","https://openalex.org/W2811177188","https://openalex.org/W2832441265","https://openalex.org/W2835756024","https://openalex.org/W2886339156","https://openalex.org/W2886344139","https://openalex.org/W2900141423","https://openalex.org/W2903326665","https://openalex.org/W2903609963","https://openalex.org/W2903893681","https://openalex.org/W2909571295","https://openalex.org/W2910016065","https://openalex.org/W2913037985","https://openalex.org/W2913312094","https://openalex.org/W2922166979","https://openalex.org/W2924859109","https://openalex.org/W2927693643","https://openalex.org/W2936527062","https://openalex.org/W2946033444","https://openalex.org/W2950418934","https://openalex.org/W2955687071","https://openalex.org/W2955935890","https://openalex.org/W2964268722","https://openalex.org/W2964754352","https://openalex.org/W2969433291","https://openalex.org/W2972450862","https://openalex.org/W2972517883","https://openalex.org/W2972633733","https://openalex.org/W2973065181","https://openalex.org/W2977655605","https://openalex.org/W2981450596","https://openalex.org/W2982205826","https://openalex.org/W2989626030","https://openalex.org/W2989909796","https://openalex.org/W2995248677","https://openalex.org/W2995254605","https://openalex.org/W2997594966","https://openalex.org/W2997837529","https://openalex.org/W2999801974","https://openalex.org/W3001897406","https://openalex.org/W3006126181","https://openalex.org/W3013821122","https://openalex.org/W3016177110","https://openalex.org/W3017009154","https://openalex.org/W3029845004","https://openalex.org/W3046513018","https://openalex.org/W4247934040","https://openalex.org/W4253000688","https://openalex.org/W6678777676","https://openalex.org/W6717970713","https://openalex.org/W6778726504","https://openalex.org/W6781349279"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2560172240","https://openalex.org/W3146660591","https://openalex.org/W1995538220","https://openalex.org/W3020816551","https://openalex.org/W2338095724","https://openalex.org/W2804412098","https://openalex.org/W2186632617","https://openalex.org/W2548321233","https://openalex.org/W2181535967","https://openalex.org/W1846726187"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,177],"development":[1,129],"of":[2,14,38,47,53,65,68,91,101,110,117,130,157,168,183,189],"information":[3,27,81,106,158],"technology":[4],"has":[5,21],"led":[6],"to":[7,23,32],"a":[8],"significant":[9],"increase":[10],"in":[11,17,30,77,94,127,137,154,160,186],"the":[12,25,45,48,51,95,114,128,155,165,187],"share":[13],"multimedia":[15,33],"traffic":[16],"data":[18,135],"networks.":[19],"This":[20,140,163],"necessitated":[22],"solve":[24,62],"following":[26],"security":[28],"tasks":[29],"relation":[31],"data:":[34],"protection":[35,57],"against":[36],"leakage":[37],"confidential":[39],"information,":[40],"as":[41,43],"well":[42],"identifying":[44],"source":[46],"leak;":[49],"ensuring":[50],"impossibility":[52],"unauthorized":[54],"changes;":[55],"copyright":[56],"for":[58,83,134],"digital":[59,78,138,161,190,193],"objects.":[60],"To":[61],"such":[63],"kind":[64],"problems,":[66],"methods":[67,131],"steganography":[69,191],"and":[70,112,132,192],"watermarking":[71],"are":[72],"designed":[73],"that":[74],"implement":[75],"embedding":[76,159],"objects":[79],"hidden":[80],"sequences":[82],"various":[84],"purposes.":[85],"In":[86],"this":[87,108],"paper,":[88],"an":[89,181],"overview":[90],"promising":[92],"research":[93,111,152],"specified":[96],"area":[97],"is":[98,142,164],"provided.":[99],"First":[100],"all,":[102],"we":[103,121],"provide":[104],"basic":[105],"about":[107],"field":[109,156,188],"consider":[113],"main":[115,166],"applications":[116],"its":[118],"methods.":[119],"Next,":[120],"review":[122,141],"works":[123,149],"demonstrating":[124],"current":[125,151],"trends":[126],"algorithms":[133],"hiding":[136],"images.":[139,162],"not":[143],"exhaustive;":[144],"it":[145,172],"focuses":[146],"on":[147],"contemporary":[148],"illustrating":[150],"directions":[153],"feature":[167],"review,":[169],"which":[170],"distinguishes":[171],"from":[173],"previously":[174],"published":[175],"reviews.":[176],"paper":[178],"concludes":[179],"with":[180],"analysis":[182],"identified":[184],"problems":[185],"watermarking.":[194]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":25},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":26},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":30},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-07T13:39:58.223016","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}