{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3084154990","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3022235","title":"Evaluation of Charging Strategies for Valve Regulated Lead-Acid Battery","display_name":"Evaluation of Charging Strategies for Valve Regulated Lead-Acid Battery","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3084154990","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3022235","mag":"3084154990"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.3022235","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3022235","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09187255.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09187255.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020083261","display_name":"Sandhya Lavety","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3305-2934"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I167153416","display_name":"Visvesvaraya National Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02zrtpp84","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I167153416"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Sandhya Lavety","raw_affiliation_strings":["Visvesvaraya National Institute of Technology, Nagpur, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3305-2934","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Visvesvaraya National Institute of Technology, Nagpur, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I167153416"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090390411","display_name":"Ritesh Kumar Keshri","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1349-085X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I167153416","display_name":"Visvesvaraya National Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02zrtpp84","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I167153416"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ritesh Kumar Keshri","raw_affiliation_strings":["Visvesvaraya National Institute of Technology, Nagpur, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1349-085X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Visvesvaraya National Institute of Technology, Nagpur, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I167153416"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055048614","display_name":"Madhuri A. Chaudhari","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5500-6723"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I167153416","display_name":"Visvesvaraya National Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02zrtpp84","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I167153416"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Madhuri A. Chaudhari","raw_affiliation_strings":["Visvesvaraya National Institute of Technology, Nagpur, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5500-6723","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Visvesvaraya National Institute of Technology, Nagpur, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I167153416"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5020083261"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I167153416"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":2.2411,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":28,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.87637943,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":null,"first_page":"164747","last_page":"164761"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10663","display_name":"Advanced Battery Technologies Research","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10663","display_name":"Advanced Battery Technologies Research","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10018","display_name":"Advancements in Battery Materials","score":0.9933000206947327,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11690","display_name":"Advanced battery technologies research","score":0.9825999736785889,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/battery","display_name":"Battery (electricity)","score":0.6481051445007324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lead\u2013acid-battery","display_name":"Lead\u2013acid battery","score":0.5887337327003479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trickle-charging","display_name":"Trickle charging","score":0.5717747807502747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/constant-current","display_name":"Constant current","score":0.49999427795410156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automotive-engineering","display_name":"Automotive engineering","score":0.48213860392570496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.45799025893211365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.4563210606575012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.4453147053718567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/current","display_name":"Current (fluid)","score":0.43342962861061096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trpc","display_name":"TRPC","score":0.4323316216468811},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.42629244923591614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thermal","display_name":"Thermal","score":0.4240444004535675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internal-resistance","display_name":"Internal resistance","score":0.41405385732650757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chemistry","display_name":"Chemistry","score":0.37370216846466064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nuclear-engineering","display_name":"Nuclear engineering","score":0.3467663526535034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thermodynamics","display_name":"Thermodynamics","score":0.3112655282020569},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.30989453196525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.24018532037734985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.23392999172210693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.22368165850639343}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555008776","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q267298","display_name":"Battery (electricity)","level":3,"score":0.6481051445007324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50292345","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q337724","display_name":"Lead\u2013acid battery","level":4,"score":0.5887337327003479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31419778","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1350726","display_name":"Trickle charging","level":4,"score":0.5717747807502747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53392680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5163647","display_name":"Constant current","level":3,"score":0.49999427795410156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171146098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124192","display_name":"Automotive engineering","level":1,"score":0.48213860392570496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.45799025893211365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.4563210606575012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.4453147053718567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148043351","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4456944","display_name":"Current (fluid)","level":2,"score":0.43342962861061096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170488646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7671459","display_name":"TRPC","level":4,"score":0.4323316216468811},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.42629244923591614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204530211","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q752823","display_name":"Thermal","level":2,"score":0.4240444004535675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106945098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2527701","display_name":"Internal resistance","level":4,"score":0.41405385732650757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.37370216846466064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116915560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83504","display_name":"Nuclear engineering","level":1,"score":0.3467663526535034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.3112655282020569},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.30989453196525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.24018532037734985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.23392999172210693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.22368165850639343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170493617","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208467","display_name":"Receptor","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155164980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q304043","display_name":"Transient receptor potential channel","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.3022235","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3022235","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09187255.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:f472720bc58340a8b7ed590f43a84d70","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/f472720bc58340a8b7ed590f43a84d70","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 8, Pp 164747-164761 (2020)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.3022235","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3022235","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09187255.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6465845652","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"MLA/MUM/GA/10(37)B","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320325255","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Electronics and Information technology"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7769246325","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ECR002029/2016","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334771","funder_display_name":"Science and Engineering Research Board"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8179276847","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"MLA/MUM/GA/10(37)B","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320719","funder_display_name":"Department of Science and Technology, Ministry of Science and Technology, India"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320719","display_name":"Department of Science and Technology, Ministry of Science and Technology, India","ror":"https://ror.org/0101xrq71"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320325255","display_name":"Ministry of Electronics and Information technology","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334771","display_name":"Science and Engineering Research Board","ror":"https://ror.org/03ffdsr55"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3084154990.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3084154990.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":51,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1593255387","https://openalex.org/W1828959287","https://openalex.org/W1976370317","https://openalex.org/W2003805136","https://openalex.org/W2007390123","https://openalex.org/W2016355751","https://openalex.org/W2016981552","https://openalex.org/W2021382787","https://openalex.org/W2024179311","https://openalex.org/W2027738128","https://openalex.org/W2055670059","https://openalex.org/W2056433204","https://openalex.org/W2065788296","https://openalex.org/W2069529363","https://openalex.org/W2070087966","https://openalex.org/W2071438914","https://openalex.org/W2094111096","https://openalex.org/W2096627462","https://openalex.org/W2097467035","https://openalex.org/W2104948038","https://openalex.org/W2115081860","https://openalex.org/W2124042706","https://openalex.org/W2133464838","https://openalex.org/W2133496267","https://openalex.org/W2134930919","https://openalex.org/W2135927782","https://openalex.org/W2140500062","https://openalex.org/W2144086459","https://openalex.org/W2154995472","https://openalex.org/W2155858499","https://openalex.org/W2158701335","https://openalex.org/W2160596865","https://openalex.org/W2167595294","https://openalex.org/W2171629267","https://openalex.org/W2219501311","https://openalex.org/W2294477801","https://openalex.org/W2329301706","https://openalex.org/W2478196832","https://openalex.org/W2485701349","https://openalex.org/W2547598012","https://openalex.org/W2576513620","https://openalex.org/W2589884606","https://openalex.org/W2593630474","https://openalex.org/W2759630200","https://openalex.org/W2802521917","https://openalex.org/W2907698232","https://openalex.org/W2944053197","https://openalex.org/W2987539388","https://openalex.org/W3006970678","https://openalex.org/W6635267085","https://openalex.org/W6685171771"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2392192180","https://openalex.org/W2390641555","https://openalex.org/W2388001320","https://openalex.org/W2399417131","https://openalex.org/W2008544512","https://openalex.org/W2100710057","https://openalex.org/W2391533035","https://openalex.org/W2101146956","https://openalex.org/W2027988825","https://openalex.org/W2219481498"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,113],"present":[1],"paper":[2],"considers":[3],"the":[4,15,41,49,56,60,63,78,84,88,93,116,120,138,148,158,166,175,212,237,250],"evaluation":[5],"of":[6,51,55,62,80,87,95,115,142,147,177,204,208,253],"temperature":[7,33,54,111,168,202],"regulated":[8,28,34,70,98,194],"and":[9,32,67,83,127,174,234,255,262],"unregulated":[10],"charging":[11,25,30,36,46,53,214,228,239],"strategies":[12,99],"to":[13,18,119,164,169,182,197,232,260],"select":[14],"appropriate":[16],"one":[17],"ensure":[19],"extended":[20],"battery":[21,57,89,121,167,196],"life":[22,252],"with":[23,40,59,188,243],"reduced":[24],"time.":[26],"Temperature":[27,97,133],"pulse":[29],"(TRPC)":[31],"reflex":[35],"(TRRC)":[37],"are":[38,90,100,153],"compared":[39,181,231,259],"Constant":[42],"current-constant":[43],"voltage":[44],"(CC-CV)":[45],"strategy.":[47],"In":[48],"case":[50],"CC-CV":[52,233,261],"rises":[58],"magnitude":[61,146],"current":[64,160],"being":[65],"injected":[66,149,159],"cannot":[68],"be":[69],"without":[71],"any":[72],"external":[73],"cooling":[74],"arrangement.":[75],"Impact":[76],"on":[77],"State":[79],"health":[81],"(SOH)":[82],"expected":[85,251],"lifespan":[86],"considered":[91],"as":[92,109,124,155,180,230,241,258],"parameters":[94,122],"evaluation.":[96],"implemented":[101],"through":[102],"a":[103,110,223],"discrete":[104],"electro-thermal":[105],"model,":[106],"which":[107],"acts":[108],"estimator.":[112],"co-efficient":[114],"estimators":[117],"corresponds":[118],"such":[123],"internal":[125],"resistance":[126],"thermal":[128],"time":[129,229,240],"constants,":[130],"entropy,":[131],"etc.":[132],"regulation":[134,205],"is":[135,161,186,217],"ensured":[136],"in":[137,201,222,227,247],"three":[139],"identified":[140,154],"sections":[141,152,156],"charge":[143,178,210],"deposited":[144],"vs":[145],"current.":[150],"Three":[151],"where":[157],"not":[162,173],"sufficient":[163],"raise":[165],"set":[170],"limit":[171],"or":[172],"level":[176],"submitted":[179],"normal":[183],"charging.":[184],"Experimentation":[185],"carried":[187],"12":[189],"V,":[190],"26":[191],"Ah":[192],"Valve":[193],"lead-acid":[195],"justify":[198],"that":[199,219],"increase":[200],"reference":[203],"allows":[206],"submission":[207],"higher":[209],"for":[211],"same":[213,238],"rate.":[215],"It":[216],"demonstrated":[218],"TRPC":[220,245],"results":[221,246],"significant":[224],"reduction":[225],"(\u224860%)":[226],"TRRC.":[235,263],"For":[236],"achieved":[242],"TRPC,":[244],"almost":[248],"double":[249],"operation":[254],"better":[256],"SOH":[257]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-24T08:33:08.758527","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}