{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3084223352","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3022065","title":"Optimized KLD-Based Fault Detection Method for Complex System Under Multi-Operation Conditions","display_name":"Optimized KLD-Based Fault Detection Method for Complex System Under Multi-Operation Conditions","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3084223352","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3022065","mag":"3084223352"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.3022065","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3022065","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09187419.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09187419.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009224739","display_name":"Liang Shi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2456-097X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shi Liang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Levitation and Propulsion Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China","Maglev Engineering Research Center, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2456-097X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Levitation and Propulsion Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Maglev Engineering Research Center, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100438036","display_name":"Zhiqiang Long","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5129-6874"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhiqiang Long","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Levitation and Propulsion Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China","Maglev Engineering Research Center, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Levitation and Propulsion Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Maglev Engineering Research Center, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103146197","display_name":"Xu Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2490-5213"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xu Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Levitation and Propulsion Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China","Maglev Engineering Research Center, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2490-5213","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Levitation and Propulsion Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Maglev Engineering Research Center, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101580554","display_name":"Ping Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9147-4639"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ping Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Levitation and Propulsion Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China","Maglev Engineering Research Center, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9147-4639","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Levitation and Propulsion Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Maglev Engineering Research Center, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":0.2915,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.55290507,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":null,"first_page":"163917","last_page":"163925"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10876","display_name":"Fault Detection and Control Systems","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10876","display_name":"Fault Detection and Control Systems","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10220","display_name":"Machine Fault Diagnosis Techniques","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12282","display_name":"Mineral Processing and Grinding","score":0.993399977684021,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fault","display_name":"Fault (geology)","score":0.6428952217102051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fault-detection-and-isolation","display_name":"Fault detection and isolation","score":0.6412694454193115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/divergence","display_name":"Divergence (linguistics)","score":0.5963326096534729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5600155591964722},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mahalanobis-distance","display_name":"Mahalanobis distance","score":0.5565765500068665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/euclidean-distance","display_name":"Euclidean distance","score":0.526054859161377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmark","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","score":0.5220139622688293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/maglev","display_name":"Maglev","score":0.49560725688934326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sensitivity","display_name":"Sensitivity (control systems)","score":0.4370487928390503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fault-coverage","display_name":"Fault coverage","score":0.42031028866767883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ewma-chart","display_name":"EWMA chart","score":0.41620540618896484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.40628811717033386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.21437838673591614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.1833655834197998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-chart","display_name":"Control chart","score":0.13880625367164612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.10190567374229431}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175551986","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47089","display_name":"Fault (geology)","level":2,"score":0.6428952217102051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152745839","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5438153","display_name":"Fault detection and isolation","level":3,"score":0.6412694454193115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207390915","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1230525","display_name":"Divergence (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.5963326096534729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5600155591964722},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1921717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1334846","display_name":"Mahalanobis distance","level":2,"score":0.5565765500068665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120174047","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q847073","display_name":"Euclidean distance","level":2,"score":0.526054859161377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.5220139622688293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196781063","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160047","display_name":"Maglev","level":2,"score":0.49560725688934326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21200559","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7451068","display_name":"Sensitivity (control systems)","level":2,"score":0.4370487928390503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126953365","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5438152","display_name":"Fault coverage","level":3,"score":0.42031028866767883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74746147","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5324652","display_name":"EWMA chart","level":4,"score":0.41620540618896484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.40628811717033386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.21437838673591614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.1833655834197998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196985124","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1369242","display_name":"Control chart","level":3,"score":0.13880625367164612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.10190567374229431},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172707124","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q423488","display_name":"Actuator","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165205528","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83371","display_name":"Seismology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134146338","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1815901","display_name":"Electronic circuit","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.3022065","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3022065","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09187419.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:e37def93a0854c91ac761d2288b4f9ba","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/e37def93a0854c91ac761d2288b4f9ba","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 8, Pp 163917-163925 (2020)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.3022065","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3022065","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09187419.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5899999737739563,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4411949206","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2016YFB1200601","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3084223352.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3084223352.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W434788495","https://openalex.org/W809942082","https://openalex.org/W1861898300","https://openalex.org/W1992707230","https://openalex.org/W2099111195","https://openalex.org/W2122759946","https://openalex.org/W2210387432","https://openalex.org/W2468729411","https://openalex.org/W2516336141","https://openalex.org/W2574700614","https://openalex.org/W2588655117","https://openalex.org/W2622060889","https://openalex.org/W2756851327","https://openalex.org/W2769217274","https://openalex.org/W2801256342","https://openalex.org/W2804922673","https://openalex.org/W2892333124","https://openalex.org/W2919928484","https://openalex.org/W2979374972","https://openalex.org/W2980976457","https://openalex.org/W2983443350","https://openalex.org/W2995497313","https://openalex.org/W3037465805"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2169159254","https://openalex.org/W3174657038","https://openalex.org/W1992732116","https://openalex.org/W2067578116","https://openalex.org/W2902494752","https://openalex.org/W2592471899","https://openalex.org/W2382061536","https://openalex.org/W4390673421","https://openalex.org/W4310043907","https://openalex.org/W149647761"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"With":[0],"the":[1,20,26,59,64,68,70,75,87,93,96,113,116,119,129,133,143,149,156,163,169,174,184,192,201,205,212,227],"increasing":[2],"development":[3],"of":[4,22,67,74,122,138,165,204],"industrial":[5],"technology,":[6],"fault":[7,31,40,152,193,213],"detection":[8,32,41,214],"technology":[9],"has":[10],"been":[11],"widely":[12],"applied":[13,107,199],"in":[14,55,115,155],"many":[15],"complex":[16,44,71],"systems.":[17],"Aiming":[18],"at":[19],"problems":[21],"multi-operation":[23,51],"conditions":[24,52,73],"and":[25,86,106,208,236],"data":[27,66,125,136,170],"length":[28,98,137],"needed":[29],"for":[30,43,151],"using":[33],"Kullback-":[34],"Leibler":[35],"Divergence":[36],"(KLD),":[37],"a":[38,231],"novel":[39],"method":[42,197,229],"systems":[45],"based":[46,62,216],"on":[47,63,217],"optimized":[48],"KLD":[49,120,176],"under":[50],"is":[53,90,132,146,178,181,198],"proposed":[54,228],"this":[56,196],"paper.":[57],"In":[58,92],"first":[60],"place,":[61,95],"historical":[65],"system,":[69],"operation":[72,84,110,140,166],"system":[76,203],"are":[77,126],"divided":[78],"into":[79],"several":[80],"simple":[81],"mutually":[82],"exclusive":[83],"conditions,":[85],"division":[88],"standard":[89],"established.":[91],"next":[94],"optimal":[97,135],"can":[99],"be":[100],"quickly":[101],"determined":[102],"by":[103,161],"autocorrelation":[104],"analysis":[105],"to":[108,189,200],"various":[109],"conditions.":[111],"After":[112],"next,":[114],"training":[117,124],"stage,":[118],"values":[121],"all":[123],"calculated":[127],"with":[128,183,211],"benchmark":[130],"that":[131,168,226],"initial":[134],"each":[139],"condition.":[141],"And":[142],"maximum":[144],"value":[145,177],"taken":[147],"as":[148,188],"threshold":[150],"detection.":[153],"Afterward,":[154],"test":[157],"phase,":[158],"it":[159],"starts":[160],"judging":[162],"type":[164],"condition":[167],"belongs":[171],"to,":[172],"then":[173],"corresponding":[175,185],"calculated,":[179],"which":[180],"compared":[182,210],"threshold,":[186],"so":[187],"determine":[190],"whether":[191],"occurs.":[194],"Eventually,":[195],"suspension":[202],"maglev":[206],"train":[207],"respectively":[209],"methods":[215],"Euclidean":[218],"distance":[219],"or":[220],"Mahalanobis":[221],"distance.":[222],"The":[223],"results":[224],"show":[225],"possesses":[230],"low":[232],"false":[233],"alarm":[234],"rate":[235],"high":[237],"sensitivity.":[238]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}