{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3083242390","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3021660","title":"Recognition of Different Types of Leukocytes Using YOLOv2 and Optimized Bag-of-Features","display_name":"Recognition of Different Types of Leukocytes Using YOLOv2 and Optimized Bag-of-Features","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3083242390","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3021660","mag":"3083242390"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.3021660","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3021660","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09186086.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09186086.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052505171","display_name":"Muhammad Sharif","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1355-2168"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16076960","display_name":"COMSATS University Islamabad","ror":"https://ror.org/00nqqvk19","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16076960"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Sharif","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, COMSATS University Islamabad at Wah Campus, Rawalpindi, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1355-2168","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, COMSATS University Islamabad at Wah Campus, Rawalpindi, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16076960"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5114041528","display_name":"Javaria Amin","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I192891849","display_name":"University of Wah","ror":"https://ror.org/020we4134","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I192891849"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Javaria Amin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, University of Wah, Wah, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4418-1451","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of Wah, Wah, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I192891849"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076822040","display_name":"Ayesha Siddiqa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0780-6376"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I192891849","display_name":"University of Wah","ror":"https://ror.org/020we4134","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I192891849"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ayesha Siddiqa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, University of Wah, Wah, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of Wah, Wah, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I192891849"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091086588","display_name":"Habib Ullah Khan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8373-2781"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I60342839","display_name":"Qatar University","ror":"https://ror.org/00yhnba62","country_code":"QA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I60342839"]}],"countries":["QA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Habib Ullah Khan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Accounting and Information Systems, College of Business and Economics, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8373-2781","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Accounting and Information Systems, College of Business and Economics, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60342839"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038265911","display_name":"Muhammad Sheraz Arshad Malik","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0944-6362"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I194348271","display_name":"Government College University, Faisalabad","ror":"https://ror.org/051zgra59","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I194348271"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Sheraz Arshad Malik","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Technology, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0944-6362","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Technology, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I194348271"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029355224","display_name":"Muhammad Almas Anjum","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6481-9611"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I929597975","display_name":"National University of Sciences and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03w2j5y17","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I929597975"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Almas Anjum","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electrical & Mechanical Engineering, National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electrical & Mechanical Engineering, National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I929597975"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002855381","display_name":"Seifedine Kadry","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1939-4842"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36314861","display_name":"Beirut Arab University","ror":"https://ror.org/02jya5567","country_code":"LB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36314861"]}],"countries":["LB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Seifedine Kadry","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Faculty of Science, Beirut Arab University, Beirut, Lebanon"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1939-4842","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Faculty of Science, Beirut Arab University, Beirut, Lebanon","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36314861"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5052505171"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16076960"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1516,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":1635},"fwci":4.217,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":59,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95407648,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":null,"first_page":"167448","last_page":"167459"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12874","display_name":"Digital Imaging for Blood Diseases","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12874","display_name":"Digital Imaging for Blood Diseases","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11775","display_name":"COVID-19 diagnosis using AI","score":0.968999981880188,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12254","display_name":"Machine Learning in Bioinformatics","score":0.9613000154495239,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.6323841214179993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/particle-swarm-optimization","display_name":"Particle swarm optimization","score":0.6189639568328857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5801590085029602},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.561077892780304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cytoplasm","display_name":"Cytoplasm","score":0.4715697169303894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.44464272260665894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.43656808137893677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/naive-bayes-classifier","display_name":"Naive Bayes classifier","score":0.418061763048172},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nucleus","display_name":"Nucleus","score":0.4146333336830139},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/support-vector-machine","display_name":"Support vector machine","score":0.2487572431564331},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biology","display_name":"Biology","score":0.1722395420074463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.11823943257331848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cell-biology","display_name":"Cell biology","score":0.10987696051597595}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.6323841214179993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85617194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2072794","display_name":"Particle swarm optimization","level":2,"score":0.6189639568328857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5801590085029602},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.561077892780304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190062978","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79899","display_name":"Cytoplasm","level":2,"score":0.4715697169303894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.44464272260665894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.43656808137893677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52001869","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q812530","display_name":"Naive Bayes classifier","level":3,"score":0.418061763048172},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780723820","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1934178","display_name":"Nucleus","level":2,"score":0.4146333336830139},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.2487572431564331},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.1722395420074463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.11823943257331848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95444343","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7141","display_name":"Cell biology","level":1,"score":0.10987696051597595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.3021660","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3021660","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09186086.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:d938877dded4424ca09131de17e6a0d8","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/d938877dded4424ca09131de17e6a0d8","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 8, Pp 167448-167459 (2020)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:figshare.com:article/24016137","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/Recognition_of_Different_Types_of_Leukocytes_Using_YOLOv2_and_Optimized_Bag-of-Features/24016137","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196282","display_name":"Figshare","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210132348","host_organization_name":"Figshare (United Kingdom)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210132348"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:qspace.qu.edu.qa:10576/37759","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?partnerID=HzOxMe3b&scp=85102781945&origin=inward","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400014","display_name":"Qatar University QSpace (Qatar University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I60342839","host_organization_name":"Qatar University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I60342839"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.3021660","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3021660","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09186086.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","score":0.5699999928474426,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10"},{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","score":0.41999998688697815,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334468","display_name":"Qatar National Library","ror":"https://ror.org/02jv93662"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3083242390.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3083242390.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":62,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1625255723","https://openalex.org/W1786686177","https://openalex.org/W1938743710","https://openalex.org/W1978588215","https://openalex.org/W1987797913","https://openalex.org/W1995395352","https://openalex.org/W2000897614","https://openalex.org/W2001619934","https://openalex.org/W2007135969","https://openalex.org/W2032673367","https://openalex.org/W2035020726","https://openalex.org/W2046224179","https://openalex.org/W2052285621","https://openalex.org/W2061880140","https://openalex.org/W2063863115","https://openalex.org/W2080860745","https://openalex.org/W2115710989","https://openalex.org/W2125067234","https://openalex.org/W2128074360","https://openalex.org/W2144767001","https://openalex.org/W2161950489","https://openalex.org/W2171033594","https://openalex.org/W2285566802","https://openalex.org/W2329067759","https://openalex.org/W2402659155","https://openalex.org/W2503433586","https://openalex.org/W2528952497","https://openalex.org/W2544835422","https://openalex.org/W2566202426","https://openalex.org/W2570343428","https://openalex.org/W2736333670","https://openalex.org/W2754586266","https://openalex.org/W2767426931","https://openalex.org/W2769986739","https://openalex.org/W2794295589","https://openalex.org/W2904871403","https://openalex.org/W2910788234","https://openalex.org/W2917675508","https://openalex.org/W2924661000","https://openalex.org/W2924872296","https://openalex.org/W2945285932","https://openalex.org/W2946341834","https://openalex.org/W2953714808","https://openalex.org/W2964282006","https://openalex.org/W2970488713","https://openalex.org/W2982185347","https://openalex.org/W2984155152","https://openalex.org/W2991053226","https://openalex.org/W2998825217","https://openalex.org/W2999005247","https://openalex.org/W2999669853","https://openalex.org/W2999870907","https://openalex.org/W2999893750","https://openalex.org/W3000400327","https://openalex.org/W3001133036","https://openalex.org/W3003783572","https://openalex.org/W3100321043","https://openalex.org/W3105222690","https://openalex.org/W3134565338","https://openalex.org/W6636494156","https://openalex.org/W6695708271","https://openalex.org/W6785474550"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2078466022","https://openalex.org/W2761895419","https://openalex.org/W2184307764","https://openalex.org/W1502573407","https://openalex.org/W2072663274","https://openalex.org/W2413452911","https://openalex.org/W2022782367","https://openalex.org/W2313768762","https://openalex.org/W2361843045","https://openalex.org/W1988350824"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"White":[0],"blood":[1],"cells":[2],"(WBCs)":[3],"protect":[4],"human":[5],"body":[6],"against":[7],"different":[8],"types":[9],"of":[10,20,37,48,60],"infections":[11],"including":[12],"fungal,":[13],"parasitic,":[14],"viral,":[15],"and":[16,62,75,91,100,135],"bacterial.":[17],"The":[18,71,107,128],"detection":[19],"abnormal":[21],"regions":[22],"in":[23],"WBCs":[24,38,78,87,126],"is":[25,32,111],"a":[26,30,46],"difficult":[27],"task.":[28],"Therefore":[29],"method":[31],"proposed":[33],"for":[34,125],"the":[35,49,68,77,86,89,96],"localization":[36],"based":[39],"on":[40,132],"YOLOv2-Nucleus-Cytoplasm,":[41],"which":[42],"contains":[43],"darkNet-19":[44,61],"as":[45,64],"basenetwork":[47],"YOLOv2":[50,69],"model.":[51,70],"In":[52],"this":[53],"model":[54,73],"features":[55],"are":[56,98,130],"extracted":[57,99],"from":[58],"LeakyReLU-18":[59],"supplied":[63],"an":[65],"input":[66],"to":[67,113],"YOLOv2-Nucleus-Cytoplasm":[72],"localizes":[74],"classifies":[76],"with":[79],"maximum":[80],"score":[81],"labels.":[82],"It":[83],"also":[84],"localize":[85],"into":[88],"blast":[90],"non-blast":[92],"cells.":[93],"After":[94],"localization,":[95],"bag-of-features":[97],"optimized":[101,116,121],"by":[102],"using":[103],"particle":[104],"swarm":[105],"optimization(PSO).":[106],"improved":[108],"feature":[109],"vector":[110],"fed":[112],"classifiers":[114],"i.e.,":[115],"na\u00efve":[117],"Bayes":[118],"(O-NB)":[119],"&":[120],"discriminant":[122],"analysis":[123],"(O-DA)":[124],"classification.":[127],"experiments":[129],"performed":[131],"LISC,":[133],"ALL-IDB1,":[134],"ALL-IDB2":[136],"datasets.":[137]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":12}],"updated_date":"2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
