{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3082702392","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3020561","title":"Blur-Countering Keypoint Detection via Eigenvalue Asymmetry","display_name":"Blur-Countering Keypoint Detection via Eigenvalue Asymmetry","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3082702392","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3020561","mag":"3082702392"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.3020561","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3020561","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09181604.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09181604.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089283853","display_name":"Chao Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0845-9217"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111966504","display_name":"University of Fukui","ror":"https://ror.org/00msqp585","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111966504"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chao Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0845-9217","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111966504"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019288783","display_name":"Xuequan Lu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0959-408X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149704539","display_name":"Deakin University","ror":"https://ror.org/02czsnj07","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149704539"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xuequan Lu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Deakin University, Geelong, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0959-408X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Deakin University, Geelong, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149704539"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045648943","display_name":"Takuya Akashi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9177-7306"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I173009982","display_name":"Iwate University","ror":"https://ror.org/04cd75h10","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173009982"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Takuya Akashi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Iwate University, Iwate, Japan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9177-7306","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Iwate University, Iwate, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173009982"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":0.1958,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.50117491,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":null,"first_page":"159077","last_page":"159088"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10627","display_name":"Advanced Image and Video Retrieval Techniques","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10627","display_name":"Advanced Image and Video Retrieval Techniques","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13114","display_name":"Image Processing Techniques and Applications","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10531","display_name":"Advanced Vision and Imaging","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6899089813232422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6633765697479248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.5769505500793457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/motion-blur","display_name":"Motion blur","score":0.5722799897193909},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metric","display_name":"Metric (unit)","score":0.5349131226539612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pixel","display_name":"Pixel","score":0.5160317420959473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kernel","display_name":"Kernel (algebra)","score":0.5030819773674011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scale-space","display_name":"Scale space","score":0.46099498867988586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/focus","display_name":"Focus (optics)","score":0.4497503936290741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.4480934739112854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/detector","display_name":"Detector","score":0.43556177616119385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.4182204604148865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-resolution","display_name":"Image resolution","score":0.41675910353660583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-vector","display_name":"Feature vector","score":0.41247469186782837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.34649035334587097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.3164590299129486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-processing","display_name":"Image processing","score":0.19551101326942444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.13456770777702332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.11858129501342773}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6899089813232422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6633765697479248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.5769505500793457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777708103","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q852589","display_name":"Motion blur","level":3,"score":0.5722799897193909},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176217482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860554","display_name":"Metric (unit)","level":2,"score":0.5349131226539612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160633673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355198","display_name":"Pixel","level":2,"score":0.5160317420959473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74193536","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q574844","display_name":"Kernel (algebra)","level":2,"score":0.5030819773674011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99102927","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3058184","display_name":"Scale space","level":4,"score":0.46099498867988586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192209626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190909","display_name":"Focus (optics)","level":2,"score":0.4497503936290741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.4480934739112854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94915269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1834857","display_name":"Detector","level":2,"score":0.43556177616119385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4182204604148865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205372480","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210521","display_name":"Image resolution","level":2,"score":0.41675910353660583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83665646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42139305","display_name":"Feature vector","level":2,"score":0.41247469186782837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.34649035334587097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.3164590299129486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9417928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1070689","display_name":"Image processing","level":3,"score":0.19551101326942444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.13456770777702332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.11858129501342773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21547014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423657","display_name":"Operations management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.3020561","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3020561","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09181604.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:ed2a0d003510421c9d2998f18c93b092","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/ed2a0d003510421c9d2998f18c93b092","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 8, Pp 159077-159088 (2020)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.3020561","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3020561","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09181604.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5554516670","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"JP20K19568","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334764","funder_display_name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334764","display_name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","ror":"https://ror.org/00hhkn466"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3082702392.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3082702392.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":53,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1505641881","https://openalex.org/W1639227073","https://openalex.org/W1676552347","https://openalex.org/W1677409904","https://openalex.org/W1913744585","https://openalex.org/W1945298332","https://openalex.org/W1951615866","https://openalex.org/W1971616954","https://openalex.org/W1992047056","https://openalex.org/W2025112904","https://openalex.org/W2042243448","https://openalex.org/W2044945560","https://openalex.org/W2069295011","https://openalex.org/W2071730188","https://openalex.org/W2099046646","https://openalex.org/W2099363089","https://openalex.org/W2105524282","https://openalex.org/W2109722393","https://openalex.org/W2111308925","https://openalex.org/W2124404372","https://openalex.org/W2125795712","https://openalex.org/W2137144630","https://openalex.org/W2141584146","https://openalex.org/W2143668817","https://openalex.org/W2151103935","https://openalex.org/W2157716919","https://openalex.org/W2166644671","https://openalex.org/W2170282673","https://openalex.org/W2177274842","https://openalex.org/W2186561432","https://openalex.org/W2249820524","https://openalex.org/W2300842964","https://openalex.org/W2471962767","https://openalex.org/W2474628748","https://openalex.org/W2499468060","https://openalex.org/W2560533888","https://openalex.org/W2585881402","https://openalex.org/W2613783066","https://openalex.org/W2740578684","https://openalex.org/W2744972750","https://openalex.org/W2772883081","https://openalex.org/W2963044692","https://openalex.org/W2963130434","https://openalex.org/W2964161699","https://openalex.org/W4205398292","https://openalex.org/W4206610958","https://openalex.org/W4211038350","https://openalex.org/W4231697575","https://openalex.org/W6636959292","https://openalex.org/W6637400245","https://openalex.org/W6679388247","https://openalex.org/W6746175577","https://openalex.org/W6755300274"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2992701057","https://openalex.org/W2135396414","https://openalex.org/W2084568304","https://openalex.org/W2092051980","https://openalex.org/W2041191027","https://openalex.org/W1977427710","https://openalex.org/W2089488370","https://openalex.org/W2004616103","https://openalex.org/W2511945569","https://openalex.org/W2965566740"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Well-known":[0],"corner":[1],"or":[2],"local":[3],"extrema":[4],"feature":[5],"based":[6,114],"detectors":[7],"such":[8],"as":[9,135],"FAST":[10],"and":[11,45,77,150,163],"DoG":[12],"have":[13,58],"achieved":[14],"noticeable":[15],"successes.":[16],"However,":[17],"detecting":[18,71],"keypoints":[19,73],"in":[20],"the":[21,94,105,109,116,136,141],"presence":[22],"of":[23,35,39,79,96,111,143,165],"blur":[24,40],"has":[25],"remained":[26],"to":[27,127],"be":[28],"an":[29],"unresolved":[30],"issue.":[31],"As":[32,53],"a":[33,54,67,86],"matter":[34],"fact,":[36],"various":[37,75],"kinds":[38],"(e.g.,":[41,178],"motion":[42],"blur,":[43],"out-of-focus":[44],"space-variant)":[46],"remarkably":[47],"increase":[48],"challenges":[49],"for":[50,70,74,89,175],"keypoint":[51],"detection.":[52],"result,":[55],"those":[56],"methods":[57],"limited":[59],"performance.":[60],"To":[61,119],"settle":[62],"this":[63],"issue,":[64],"we":[65,83,123],"propose":[66],"blur-countering":[68],"method":[69,156],"valid":[72],"types":[76,162],"degrees":[78,164],"blurred":[80],"images.":[81],"Specifically,":[82],"first":[84],"present":[85],"distance":[87,117],"metric":[88],"derivative":[90],"distributions,":[91],"which":[92],"preserves":[93],"distinctiveness":[95],"patch":[97],"pairs":[98],"well":[99],"under":[100,160],"blur.":[101,166],"We":[102],"then":[103],"model":[104],"asymmetry":[106],"by":[107],"utilizing":[108],"difference":[110],"squared":[112],"eigenvalues":[113],"on":[115],"metric.":[118],"make":[120],"it":[121,126],"scale-robust,":[122],"also":[124],"extend":[125],"scale":[128],"space.":[129],"The":[130],"proposed":[131],"detector":[132],"is":[133,140],"efficient":[134],"main":[137],"computational":[138],"cost":[139],"square":[142],"derivatives":[144],"at":[145],"each":[146],"pixel.":[147],"Extensive":[148],"visual":[149],"quantitative":[151],"results":[152],"show":[153],"that":[154],"our":[155,170],"outperforms":[157],"current":[158],"approaches":[159],"different":[161],"Without":[167],"any":[168],"parallelization,":[169],"implementation":[171],"achieves":[172],"real-time":[173],"performance":[174],"low-resolution":[176],"images":[177],"320":[179],"\u00d7":[180],"240":[181],"pixel).":[182]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}