{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3082842078","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3019966","title":"Portable Low-Power Fully Digital Radio-Frequency Direct-Transceiving See-Through-Wall Radar","display_name":"Portable Low-Power Fully Digital Radio-Frequency Direct-Transceiving See-Through-Wall Radar","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3082842078","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3019966","mag":"3082842078"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.3019966","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3019966","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09178770.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09178770.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100741316","display_name":"Ping Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1286-4546"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ping Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ministry Key Laboratory of Electronics Information Countermeasure and Simulation, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an, China","Ministry Key Laboratory of Electronics Information Countermeasure and Simulation, Xidian University, Xi'an, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ministry Key Laboratory of Electronics Information Countermeasure and Simulation, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ministry Key Laboratory of Electronics Information Countermeasure and Simulation, Xidian University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080509511","display_name":"Feng Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1514-7393"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Feng Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ministry Key Laboratory of Electronics Information Countermeasure and Simulation, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an, China","Ministry Key Laboratory of Electronics Information Countermeasure and Simulation, Xidian University, Xi'an, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ministry Key Laboratory of Electronics Information Countermeasure and Simulation, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ministry Key Laboratory of Electronics Information Countermeasure and Simulation, Xidian University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013203535","display_name":"Peng Luo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3552-9516"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peng Luo","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Microelectronics, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an, China","School of Microelectronics, Xidian University, Xi'an, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Microelectronics, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Microelectronics, Xidian University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087052960","display_name":"Maliang Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3181-3277"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maliang Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Microelectronics, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an, China","School of Microelectronics, Xidian University, Xi'an, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Microelectronics, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Microelectronics, Xidian University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100741316"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":0.0867,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.39969973,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":null,"first_page":"163298","last_page":"163307"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11739","display_name":"Microwave Imaging and Scattering Analysis","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11739","display_name":"Microwave Imaging and Scattering Analysis","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12024","display_name":"Ultra-Wideband Communications Technology","score":0.9973000288009644,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10891","display_name":"Radar Systems and Signal Processing","score":0.9947999715805054,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chipset","display_name":"Chipset","score":0.7606197595596313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar","display_name":"Radar","score":0.6241105198860168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/baseband","display_name":"Baseband","score":0.611282229423523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmitter","display_name":"Transmitter","score":0.538850724697113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.520959734916687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5146116018295288},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-radio-frequency-memory","display_name":"Digital radio frequency memory","score":0.46882790327072144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/continuous-wave-radar","display_name":"Continuous-wave radar","score":0.44746336340904236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frequency-domain","display_name":"Frequency domain","score":0.44347333908081055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radio-frequency","display_name":"Radio frequency","score":0.4199554920196533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","score":0.412993848323822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.3857361674308777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.30985864996910095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.2684549391269684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar-imaging","display_name":"Radar imaging","score":0.2392973005771637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chip","display_name":"Chip","score":0.2381194531917572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bandwidth","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","score":0.13399270176887512}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73431340","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q182656","display_name":"Chipset","level":3,"score":0.7606197595596313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.6241105198860168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65165936","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q575784","display_name":"Baseband","level":3,"score":0.611282229423523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47798520","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190157","display_name":"Transmitter","level":3,"score":0.538850724697113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.520959734916687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5146116018295288},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30406889","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3707600","display_name":"Digital radio frequency memory","level":5,"score":0.46882790327072144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59584813","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1029234","display_name":"Continuous-wave radar","level":4,"score":0.44746336340904236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19118579","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q786423","display_name":"Frequency domain","level":2,"score":0.44347333908081055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74064498","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3396184","display_name":"Radio frequency","level":2,"score":0.4199554920196533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779843651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7390335","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.412993848323822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.3857361674308777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.30985864996910095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.2684549391269684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10929652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7279985","display_name":"Radar imaging","level":3,"score":0.2392973005771637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165005293","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1074500","display_name":"Chip","level":2,"score":0.2381194531917572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776257435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1576430","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","level":2,"score":0.13399270176887512},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.3019966","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3019966","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09178770.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:517371bded244c57b43ff9e6ee33cb57","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/517371bded244c57b43ff9e6ee33cb57","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 8, Pp 163298-163307 (2020)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.3019966","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3019966","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09178770.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.8999999761581421,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1231421488","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"under","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2087396116","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"China","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3317480652","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Science","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4107764394","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61874082","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5038432849","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61834004","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5994120800","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Natural","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3082842078.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3082842078.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":31,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1975354830","https://openalex.org/W1989315190","https://openalex.org/W1991060216","https://openalex.org/W2003643955","https://openalex.org/W2005083050","https://openalex.org/W2079341766","https://openalex.org/W2098648814","https://openalex.org/W2099954677","https://openalex.org/W2119063043","https://openalex.org/W2121616118","https://openalex.org/W2135643018","https://openalex.org/W2146084563","https://openalex.org/W2159128514","https://openalex.org/W2172192856","https://openalex.org/W2292882608","https://openalex.org/W2324333583","https://openalex.org/W2548875745","https://openalex.org/W2605499260","https://openalex.org/W2615447930","https://openalex.org/W2767912357","https://openalex.org/W2769087576","https://openalex.org/W2793232546","https://openalex.org/W2795482375","https://openalex.org/W2798205579","https://openalex.org/W2801792401","https://openalex.org/W2902353552","https://openalex.org/W2906497946","https://openalex.org/W2911109134","https://openalex.org/W4299322100","https://openalex.org/W6681128416","https://openalex.org/W6697223258"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4253176004","https://openalex.org/W2564217976","https://openalex.org/W2371892896","https://openalex.org/W1542933557","https://openalex.org/W3214031993","https://openalex.org/W2783847609","https://openalex.org/W2903425717","https://openalex.org/W2889736261","https://openalex.org/W3158359532","https://openalex.org/W2971910495"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"see-through-wall":[1],"(STW)":[2],"radar":[3,31,111,125,149],"system":[4,32],"based":[5],"on":[6],"a":[7,109,127,135],"direct":[8,17],"digital-logic":[9],"radio-frequency":[10],"(RF)":[11],"pulse":[12],"generator":[13],"and":[14,26,45,63,84,134],"an":[15],"equivalent-time":[16],"RF-sampling":[18],"receiver":[19,28],"chipset":[20,112],"is":[21,150,166],"proposed.":[22],"Both":[23],"the":[24,27,30,37,42,46,58,70,76,79,82,85,93,98,103,106,147,159,163,169],"transmitter":[25],"of":[29,48,53,105,131,140,146,162],"are":[33,88],"both":[34],"operated":[35],"in":[36,115],"digital":[38],"domain,":[39],"considerably":[40],"simplifying":[41,97],"design":[43],"complexity":[44],"difficulty":[47],"signal":[49,77,99],"processing.":[50,100],"In":[51],"terms":[52],"data":[54],"processing,":[55],"we":[56],"replace":[57],"conventional":[59],"analog-domain":[60],"mixing":[61,65],"(self-mixing)":[62,66],"digital-domain":[64],"modes":[67],"by":[68],"taking":[69],"absolute":[71],"value":[72],"to":[73,78],"down":[74],"convert":[75],"baseband.":[80],"Thus,":[81],"mixer":[83],"local":[86],"oscillator":[87],"removed,":[89],"which":[90],"significantly":[91],"reduces":[92],"power":[94,130],"consumption":[95],"while":[96,158],"To":[101],"verify":[102],"effectiveness":[104],"proposed":[107],"method,":[108],"relevant":[110],"was":[113],"designed":[114],"Taiwan":[116],"Semiconductor":[117],"Manufacturing":[118],"Company":[119],"(TSMC)":[120],"65nm":[121],"process.":[122],"The":[123,143],"prototype":[124],"has":[126],"maximum":[128,136],"transmission":[129],"17":[132],"dBm":[133],"equivalent":[137],"sampling":[138],"rate":[139,161],"20":[141],"GS/s.":[142],"detection":[144],"distance":[145],"STW":[148],"8":[151],"m":[152],"with":[153],"30.0":[154],"cm":[155],"thick":[156],"wall,":[157],"respiratory":[160],"stationary":[164],"life":[165],"measured":[167],"through":[168],"wall.":[170]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-18T14:38:29.013473","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}