{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3080516813","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3019464","title":"Alleviating Item-Side Cold-Start Problems in Recommender Systems Using Weak Supervision","display_name":"Alleviating Item-Side Cold-Start Problems in Recommender Systems Using Weak Supervision","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3080516813","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3019464","mag":"3080516813"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.3019464","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3019464","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09178343.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09178343.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101825273","display_name":"Sang-Min Choi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5950-3081"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193775966","display_name":"Yonsei University","ror":"https://ror.org/01wjejq96","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193775966"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Sang-Min Choi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea","Research Team, The Level Inc., Seoul, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5950-3081","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193775966"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Team, The Level Inc., Seoul, South Korea","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113806287","display_name":"Ki-Young Jang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193775966","display_name":"Yonsei University","ror":"https://ror.org/01wjejq96","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193775966"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210163888","display_name":"Nkmax (South Korea)","ror":"https://ror.org/05knvbx59","country_code":"KR","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210163888"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kiyoung Jang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea","Tmax Soft, Seongnam, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193775966"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tmax Soft, Seongnam, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210163888"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029894652","display_name":"Tae-Dong Lee","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I197347611","display_name":"Korea University","ror":"https://ror.org/047dqcg40","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I197347611"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tae-Dong Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5907-1784","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197347611"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062119199","display_name":"Abdallah Khreishah","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1583-713X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I118118575","display_name":"New Jersey Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05e74xb87","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I118118575"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abdallah Khreishah","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1583-713X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118118575"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063036331","display_name":"Wonjong Noh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5668-0453"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I146824383","display_name":"Hallym University","ror":"https://ror.org/03sbhge02","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I146824383"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wonjong Noh","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Software, Hallym University, Chuncheon, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5668-0453","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Software, Hallym University, Chuncheon, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I146824383"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101825273"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193775966"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":3.0624,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":17,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93045665,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":null,"first_page":"167747","last_page":"167756"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10203","display_name":"Recommender Systems and Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10203","display_name":"Recommender Systems and Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13274","display_name":"Expert finding and Q&A systems","score":0.9851999878883362,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11273","display_name":"Advanced Graph Neural Networks","score":0.9514999985694885,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cold-start","display_name":"Cold start (automotive)","score":0.8835266828536987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/recommender-system","display_name":"Recommender system","score":0.8523960113525391},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8181692361831665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/collaborative-filtering","display_name":"Collaborative filtering","score":0.7217273116111755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/core","display_name":"Core (optical fiber)","score":0.5687465667724609},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mean-absolute-error","display_name":"Mean absolute error","score":0.565534234046936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/client-side","display_name":"Client-side","score":0.4952944815158844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.46828600764274597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4536757171154022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/side-effect","display_name":"Side effect (computer science)","score":0.44563037157058716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.4388006925582886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/function","display_name":"Function (biology)","score":0.4126778542995453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.3347880244255066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"Information retrieval","score":0.33188778162002563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mean-squared-error","display_name":"Mean squared error","score":0.24272045493125916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.13402059674263},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.09821876883506775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.08492448925971985}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778956030","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5142477","display_name":"Cold start (automotive)","level":2,"score":0.8835266828536987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C557471498","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q554950","display_name":"Recommender system","level":2,"score":0.8523960113525391},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8181692361831665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21569690","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q94702","display_name":"Collaborative filtering","level":3,"score":0.7217273116111755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2164484","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5170150","display_name":"Core (optical fiber)","level":2,"score":0.5687465667724609},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188154048","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6803609","display_name":"Mean absolute error","level":3,"score":0.565534234046936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202477664","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1352449","display_name":"Client-side","level":2,"score":0.4952944815158844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.46828600764274597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4536757171154022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3454156","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1144241","display_name":"Side effect (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.44563037157058716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.4388006925582886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14036430","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3736076","display_name":"Function (biology)","level":2,"score":0.4126778542995453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.3347880244255066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.33188778162002563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139945424","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1940696","display_name":"Mean squared error","level":2,"score":0.24272045493125916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.13402059674263},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.09821876883506775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.08492448925971985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78458016","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840400","display_name":"Evolutionary biology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.3019464","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3019464","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09178343.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:59292a2ffa0143d2b01f933068a08443","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/59292a2ffa0143d2b01f933068a08443","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 8, Pp 167747-167756 (2020)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.3019464","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3019464","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09178343.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G58655024","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"HRF-202008-016","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321367","funder_display_name":"Hallym University"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321367","display_name":"Hallym University","ror":"https://ror.org/03sbhge02"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3080516813.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3080516813.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":52,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W169659847","https://openalex.org/W1991136192","https://openalex.org/W2009415795","https://openalex.org/W2012611083","https://openalex.org/W2014924789","https://openalex.org/W2017159180","https://openalex.org/W2017227993","https://openalex.org/W2018597607","https://openalex.org/W2021180937","https://openalex.org/W2030599241","https://openalex.org/W2042281163","https://openalex.org/W2044566362","https://openalex.org/W2054141820","https://openalex.org/W2061572266","https://openalex.org/W2064241175","https://openalex.org/W2098479684","https://openalex.org/W2101196063","https://openalex.org/W2102982709","https://openalex.org/W2117311203","https://openalex.org/W2119490247","https://openalex.org/W2122313539","https://openalex.org/W2124204788","https://openalex.org/W2127177795","https://openalex.org/W2134539427","https://openalex.org/W2140310134","https://openalex.org/W2157881433","https://openalex.org/W2158515176","https://openalex.org/W2158618310","https://openalex.org/W2240504843","https://openalex.org/W2295090739","https://openalex.org/W2512971201","https://openalex.org/W2568737927","https://openalex.org/W2586885364","https://openalex.org/W2605350416","https://openalex.org/W2742272831","https://openalex.org/W2755458934","https://openalex.org/W2769041395","https://openalex.org/W2769196221","https://openalex.org/W2889526258","https://openalex.org/W2927140054","https://openalex.org/W2946687519","https://openalex.org/W2959716049","https://openalex.org/W2965497726","https://openalex.org/W2987219395","https://openalex.org/W3027231047","https://openalex.org/W4232980324","https://openalex.org/W4253472389","https://openalex.org/W4294170691","https://openalex.org/W6680830989","https://openalex.org/W6682691769","https://openalex.org/W6689929784","https://openalex.org/W6731318698"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2358418295","https://openalex.org/W2385145531","https://openalex.org/W3040223145","https://openalex.org/W2735929803","https://openalex.org/W2012851087","https://openalex.org/W2979219289","https://openalex.org/W2770120832","https://openalex.org/W3200108208","https://openalex.org/W2986794837","https://openalex.org/W2954356050"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Recently,":[0],"recommender":[1,215],"systems":[2,216],"have":[3],"been":[4],"used":[5],"in":[6,105,141,197,213],"various":[7,214],"fields.":[8],"However,":[9],"they":[10],"are":[11,28,76],"still":[12],"plagued":[13],"by":[14,124,155,183],"many":[15],"issues,":[16],"including":[17],"cold-start":[18,23,60,70,87],"and":[19,55,128,176,189,195],"sparsity":[20],"problems.":[21],"The":[22,181],"problem":[24,47,88],"occurs":[25],"when":[26,63,73],"users":[27,35,65],"unable":[29],"to":[30,33,37,78,116,143],"make":[31],"recommendations":[32],"other":[34],"owing":[36],"a":[38,96,106,114,157,218],"complete":[39],"lack":[40],"of":[41,92,131,199],"information":[42],"about":[43],"certain":[44],"items.":[45],"This":[46],"can":[48,210],"exist":[49],"both":[50],"at":[51],"the":[52,56,67,85,90,118,129,146,162,168,172,184,207],"user":[53],"side":[54],"item":[57],"side.":[58],"User-side":[59],"problems":[61,71],"occur":[62,72],"new":[64,74,97,122],"access":[66],"systems;":[68],"item-side":[69,86],"items":[75,123],"added":[77],"databases.":[79],"In":[80,205],"this":[81],"study,":[82],"we":[83,112,137,166],"addressed":[84],"using":[89],"concept":[91],"weak":[93],"supervision.":[94],"First,":[95],"process":[98],"for":[99,121,161],"identifying":[100],"feature":[101],"based":[102],"representative":[103,132],"reviewers":[104],"rater":[107],"group":[108],"was":[109,153,187],"designed.":[110],"Then,":[111,165],"developed":[113],"method":[115],"predict":[117],"expected":[119],"preferences":[120,130],"combining":[125],"content-based":[126],"filtering":[127,174],"users.":[133],"Through":[134],"extensive":[135],"experiments,":[136],"first":[138],"confirmed":[139],"that":[140],"comparison":[142],"existing":[144],"methods,":[145],"proposed":[147,169,185,208],"approach":[148,186],"provided":[149],"enhanced":[150],"accuracy,":[151],"which":[152],"evaluated":[154],"determining":[156],"mean":[158,200],"absolute":[159,201],"error":[160,202],"average":[163],"ratings.":[164],"compared":[167],"scheme":[170],"with":[171],"collaborative":[173],"(CF)":[175],"neural":[177],"CF":[178,194],"approaches":[179],"(NCF).":[180],"estimation":[182],"21%":[188],"38%":[190],"more":[191],"accurate":[192],"than":[193],"NCF":[196],"terms":[198],"(MAE),":[203],"respectively.":[204],"future,":[206],"framework":[209],"be":[211],"applied":[212],"as":[217],"core":[219],"function.":[220]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
