{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3081315956","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3018544","title":"Geometric Algebra Applications in Geospatial Artificial Intelligence and Remote Sensing Image Processing","display_name":"Geometric Algebra Applications in Geospatial Artificial Intelligence and Remote Sensing Image Processing","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3081315956","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3018544","mag":"3081315956"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.3018544","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3018544","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09173669.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09173669.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061187994","display_name":"Uzair Aslam Bhatti","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8743-2783"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I152031979","display_name":"Nanjing Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/036trcv74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I152031979"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Uzair Aslam Bhatti","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Geography, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8743-2783","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geography, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I152031979"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059684983","display_name":"Zhaoyuan Yu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4225-9435"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I152031979","display_name":"Nanjing Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/036trcv74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I152031979"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhaoyuan Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Geography, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geography, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I152031979"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100633048","display_name":"Linwang Yuan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3766-4869"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I152031979","display_name":"Nanjing Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/036trcv74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I152031979"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Linwang Yuan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Virtual Geographic Environment, Ministry of Education, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China","School of Geography, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Virtual Geographic Environment, Ministry of Education, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I152031979"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geography, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I152031979"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101604498","display_name":"Zeeshan Zeeshan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4745-6892"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zeeshan Zeeshan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Kymeta Corporation, Redmond, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Kymeta Corporation, Redmond, USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091351481","display_name":"Saqib Ali Nawaz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3342-7874"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20942203","display_name":"Hainan University","ror":"https://ror.org/03q648j11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20942203"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Saqib Ali Nawaz","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information and Communication Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information and Communication Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20942203"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033258501","display_name":"Mughair Aslam Bhatti","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-8409-3745"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I152031979","display_name":"Nanjing Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/036trcv74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I152031979"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mughair Bhatti","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Geography, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geography, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I152031979"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103082597","display_name":"Anum Mehmood","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-6524-1714"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I152031979","display_name":"Nanjing Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/036trcv74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I152031979"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anum Mehmood","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Geography, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geography, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I152031979"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068497484","display_name":"Qurat Ul Ain","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8053-4613"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1311688040","display_name":"Amazon (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/04mv4n011","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1311688040"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I58610484","display_name":"Seattle University","ror":"https://ror.org/02jqc0m91","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I58610484"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qurat Ul Ain","raw_affiliation_strings":["Amazon Head Office, Seattle, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Amazon Head Office, Seattle, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1311688040","https://openalex.org/I58610484"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Luo Wen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I152031979","display_name":"Nanjing Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/036trcv74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I152031979"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Luo Wen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Geography, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geography, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I152031979"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":9,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":5.7442,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":66,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96448529,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":null,"first_page":"155783","last_page":"155796"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12698","display_name":"3D Modeling in Geospatial Applications","score":0.9976999759674072,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12698","display_name":"3D Modeling in Geospatial Applications","score":0.9976999759674072,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13067","display_name":"Geological Modeling and Analysis","score":0.9961000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1906","display_name":"Geochemistry and Petrology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11106","display_name":"Data Management and Algorithms","score":0.9855999946594238,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geospatial-analysis","display_name":"Geospatial analysis","score":0.8677777647972107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7180292010307312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5166573524475098},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.47532039880752563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-processing","display_name":"Image processing","score":0.47291240096092224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.3917447328567505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.30597126483917236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.11896148324012756}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9770341","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1938983","display_name":"Geospatial analysis","level":2,"score":0.8677777647972107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7180292010307312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5166573524475098},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.47532039880752563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9417928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1070689","display_name":"Image processing","level":3,"score":0.47291240096092224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.3917447328567505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.30597126483917236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.11896148324012756}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.3018544","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3018544","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09173669.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:08c9fc7a28c84415b9f0eeaa61d6d5d1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/08c9fc7a28c84415b9f0eeaa61d6d5d1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 8, Pp 155783-155796 (2020)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.3018544","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3018544","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09173669.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2586595807","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"41976186","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5420819951","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"RJFW-019","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326182","funder_display_name":"Six Talent Peaks Project in Jiangsu Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7624044082","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"41625004","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321605","display_name":"Government of Jiangsu Province","ror":"https://ror.org/004svx814"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326182","display_name":"Six Talent Peaks Project in Jiangsu Province","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3081315956.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3081315956.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":68,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W140657133","https://openalex.org/W186343780","https://openalex.org/W248012137","https://openalex.org/W1246572632","https://openalex.org/W1481249923","https://openalex.org/W1567272927","https://openalex.org/W1571890495","https://openalex.org/W1593361846","https://openalex.org/W1603996937","https://openalex.org/W1802825888","https://openalex.org/W1966665485","https://openalex.org/W1972191015","https://openalex.org/W1978832675","https://openalex.org/W2001474526","https://openalex.org/W2014908235","https://openalex.org/W2024467433","https://openalex.org/W2026942921","https://openalex.org/W2037187052","https://openalex.org/W2037638990","https://openalex.org/W2052223824","https://openalex.org/W2055184781","https://openalex.org/W2062210787","https://openalex.org/W2072273345","https://openalex.org/W2091672503","https://openalex.org/W2097446478","https://openalex.org/W2104744826","https://openalex.org/W2128618097","https://openalex.org/W2136355123","https://openalex.org/W2137091003","https://openalex.org/W2145412836","https://openalex.org/W2170860445","https://openalex.org/W2186163695","https://openalex.org/W2274086927","https://openalex.org/W2295282095","https://openalex.org/W2316381262","https://openalex.org/W2344951837","https://openalex.org/W2470019652","https://openalex.org/W2484995194","https://openalex.org/W2486389867","https://openalex.org/W2489292218","https://openalex.org/W2515973928","https://openalex.org/W2557048815","https://openalex.org/W2727687425","https://openalex.org/W2738312616","https://openalex.org/W2792836087","https://openalex.org/W2811477808","https://openalex.org/W2884425736","https://openalex.org/W2884642958","https://openalex.org/W2901096848","https://openalex.org/W2904080995","https://openalex.org/W2908758032","https://openalex.org/W2924805576","https://openalex.org/W2944177749","https://openalex.org/W2954752463","https://openalex.org/W2964483018","https://openalex.org/W2969590833","https://openalex.org/W2998024136","https://openalex.org/W2999978779","https://openalex.org/W3001157907","https://openalex.org/W3017123442","https://openalex.org/W3045880280","https://openalex.org/W3099478137","https://openalex.org/W4224234746","https://openalex.org/W4303470261","https://openalex.org/W4388250520","https://openalex.org/W6607603655","https://openalex.org/W6686797463","https://openalex.org/W6761926187"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4367313141","https://openalex.org/W2004086023","https://openalex.org/W2733999579","https://openalex.org/W2110217573","https://openalex.org/W4283374591","https://openalex.org/W2910751785","https://openalex.org/W4390100400","https://openalex.org/W4366547507","https://openalex.org/W4362512700","https://openalex.org/W2074396925"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"With":[0],"the":[1,18,64,68,124,133,175],"increasing":[2],"demand":[3],"for":[4,54],"multidimensional":[5,56,85],"data":[6],"processing,":[7],"Geometric":[8],"algebra":[9,44,170],"(GA)":[10],"has":[11],"attracted":[12],"more":[13,15],"and":[14,26,30,33,36,40,66,77,92,117,123,137,158,178],"attention":[16],"in":[17,84,112,127,146],"field":[19],"of":[20,46,70,74,110,115,140,143,181],"geographical":[21],"information":[22,57],"systems.":[23,48],"GA":[24,91,111,155,182],"unifies":[25],"generalizes":[27],"real":[28],"numbers":[29],"complex,":[31],"quaternion,":[32],"vector":[34],"algebra,":[35],"converts":[37],"complicated":[38],"relations":[39],"operations":[41],"into":[42],"intuitive":[43],"independent":[45],"coordinate":[47],"It":[49],"also":[50,131],"provides":[51],"a":[52,60,107],"solution":[53],"solving":[55],"processing":[58,86],"with":[59,90,183],"high":[61],"correlation":[62],"among":[63],"dimensions":[65],"avoids":[67],"loss":[69],"information.":[71],"Traditional":[72],"methods":[73,167],"computer":[75,118],"vision":[76,119],"artificial":[78],"intelligence":[79],"(AI)":[80],"provide":[81,106],"robust":[82],"results":[83],"after":[87],"being":[88],"combined":[89],"give":[93],"additional":[94],"feature":[95],"analysis":[96],"facility":[97],"to":[98,185],"remote":[99,147],"sensing":[100,148],"images.":[101],"In":[102],"this":[103],"paper,":[104],"we":[105,173],"detailed":[108],"review":[109],"different":[113],"fields":[114],"AI":[116,157],"regarding":[120],"its":[121],"applications":[122],"current":[125],"developments":[126],"geospatial":[128],"research.":[129],"We":[130,151],"discuss":[132,174],"Clifford\u2013Fourier":[134],"transform":[135],"(CFT)":[136],"quaternions":[138],"(sub-algebra":[139],"GA)":[141],"because":[142],"their":[144],"necessity":[145],"image":[149],"processing.":[150,171],"focus":[152],"on":[153],"how":[154],"helps":[156],"solves":[159],"classification":[160],"problems,":[161],"as":[162,164],"well":[163],"improving":[165],"these":[166],"using":[168],"geometric":[169],"Finally,":[172],"issues,":[176],"challenges,":[177],"future":[179],"perspectives":[180],"regards":[184],"possible":[186],"research":[187],"directions.":[188]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":29},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}