{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3080909521","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3018490","title":"A Hybrid Heuristic Based on a Particle Swarm Algorithm to Solve the Capacitated Location-Routing Problem With Fuzzy Demands","display_name":"A Hybrid Heuristic Based on a Particle Swarm Algorithm to Solve the Capacitated Location-Routing Problem With Fuzzy Demands","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3080909521","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3018490","mag":"3080909521"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.3018490","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3018490","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09173731.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09173731.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100663360","display_name":"Huizhen Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1504-5223"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I148128674","display_name":"University of Shanghai for Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00ay9v204","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I148128674"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Huizhen Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Management, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1504-5223","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Management, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148128674"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100371018","display_name":"Fan Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6145-7192"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I148128674","display_name":"University of Shanghai for Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00ay9v204","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I148128674"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fan Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Management, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6145-7192","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Management, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148128674"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090764760","display_name":"Ma Liang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9786-5857"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I148128674","display_name":"University of Shanghai for Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00ay9v204","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I148128674"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Liang Ma","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Management, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Management, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148128674"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029839968","display_name":"Ziying Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0588-3415"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141962983","display_name":"Shanghai University of Engineering Science","ror":"https://ror.org/0557b9y08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141962983"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ziying Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Materials Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Materials Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141962983"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100663360"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148128674"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":1.8075,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":18,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.87713969,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":null,"first_page":"153671","last_page":"153691"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10567","display_name":"Vehicle Routing Optimization Methods","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10567","display_name":"Vehicle Routing Optimization Methods","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11502","display_name":"Facility Location and Emergency Management","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1407","display_name":"Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12546","display_name":"Smart Parking Systems Research","score":0.9962999820709229,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8126709461212158},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/particle-swarm-optimization","display_name":"Particle swarm optimization","score":0.691703200340271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/solver","display_name":"Solver","score":0.6565128564834595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.6455579996109009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmark","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","score":0.6252253651618958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fuzzy-logic","display_name":"Fuzzy logic","score":0.5825165510177612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/variable-neighborhood-search","display_name":"Variable neighborhood search","score":0.550438642501831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heuristic","display_name":"Heuristic","score":0.48026227951049805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vehicle-routing-problem","display_name":"Vehicle routing problem","score":0.4736165702342987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.4638180136680603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/routing","display_name":"Routing (electronic design automation)","score":0.3927343487739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metaheuristic","display_name":"Metaheuristic","score":0.33816593885421753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.23284566402435303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.1455608606338501}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8126709461212158},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85617194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2072794","display_name":"Particle swarm optimization","level":2,"score":0.691703200340271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778770139","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1966904","display_name":"Solver","level":2,"score":0.6565128564834595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.6455579996109009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.6252253651618958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q224821","display_name":"Fuzzy logic","level":2,"score":0.5825165510177612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776435737","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7915703","display_name":"Variable neighborhood search","level":3,"score":0.550438642501831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173801870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q201413","display_name":"Heuristic","level":2,"score":0.48026227951049805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123784306","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944041","display_name":"Vehicle routing problem","level":3,"score":0.4736165702342987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.4638180136680603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74172769","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1446839","display_name":"Routing (electronic design automation)","level":2,"score":0.3927343487739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109718341","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1385229","display_name":"Metaheuristic","level":2,"score":0.33816593885421753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.23284566402435303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.1455608606338501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.3018490","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3018490","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09173731.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:205052fec4ef4b98a5ba4a6c6a96b7fa","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/205052fec4ef4b98a5ba4a6c6a96b7fa","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 8, Pp 153671-153691 (2020)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.3018490","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3018490","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09173731.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.46000000834465027}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1219629446","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"A14006","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324907","funder_display_name":"Hujiang Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1479434276","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"19YJAZH064","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321106","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2472665379","display_name":"\uff08\u6df7\u5408\uff09\u6574\u6570\u89c4\u5212\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u5feb\u901f\u534a\u62c9\u683c\u6717\u65e5\u8759\u8760\u7b97\u6cd5\u53ca\u5176\u5e94\u7528\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"71401106","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2531665205","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"14ZR1418700","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309612","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4265445064","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"A14006","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4352043002","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"16YJA630037","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321106","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5062994243","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"A14006","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321106","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309612","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321106","display_name":"Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01mv9t934"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324907","display_name":"Hujiang Foundation of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3080909521.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3080909521.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":58,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W45564467","https://openalex.org/W179940750","https://openalex.org/W617683806","https://openalex.org/W1136684380","https://openalex.org/W1585553430","https://openalex.org/W1823723575","https://openalex.org/W1977897522","https://openalex.org/W1985132528","https://openalex.org/W1998963937","https://openalex.org/W1998980003","https://openalex.org/W1999283757","https://openalex.org/W2002273394","https://openalex.org/W2002322048","https://openalex.org/W2002804923","https://openalex.org/W2014114374","https://openalex.org/W2015437840","https://openalex.org/W2015785429","https://openalex.org/W2019774836","https://openalex.org/W2019950953","https://openalex.org/W2021787417","https://openalex.org/W2027946669","https://openalex.org/W2029350737","https://openalex.org/W2032782525","https://openalex.org/W2034001752","https://openalex.org/W2040546552","https://openalex.org/W2047142578","https://openalex.org/W2055539533","https://openalex.org/W2068491262","https://openalex.org/W2075334523","https://openalex.org/W2112653202","https://openalex.org/W2136611127","https://openalex.org/W2153176832","https://openalex.org/W2157041604","https://openalex.org/W2166420930","https://openalex.org/W2169245194","https://openalex.org/W2234744346","https://openalex.org/W2533575454","https://openalex.org/W2571141446","https://openalex.org/W2621549308","https://openalex.org/W2770682400","https://openalex.org/W2795297732","https://openalex.org/W2803946567","https://openalex.org/W2808223347","https://openalex.org/W2917122056","https://openalex.org/W2924220803","https://openalex.org/W2963065179","https://openalex.org/W2967986802","https://openalex.org/W2972372823","https://openalex.org/W2973285469","https://openalex.org/W2974942783","https://openalex.org/W4230588984","https://openalex.org/W4243471731","https://openalex.org/W4245152641","https://openalex.org/W4249286544","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W6619383612","https://openalex.org/W6650846450","https://openalex.org/W6685066695"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4206070139","https://openalex.org/W2996796639","https://openalex.org/W2596350817","https://openalex.org/W2972305535","https://openalex.org/W2372463611","https://openalex.org/W30690955","https://openalex.org/W2612803944","https://openalex.org/W2978804656","https://openalex.org/W2002914572","https://openalex.org/W2474040433"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,32],"this":[1,77],"paper,":[2],"the":[3,19,23,27,33,35,38,47,50,61,98,106,109,112,118,130,133,137,140,143,147,158,165,183],"capacitated":[4],"location-routing":[5],"problem":[6],"with":[7,151],"fuzzy":[8,57,64,72],"demands":[9,48],"(CLRP-FD)":[10],"is":[11,69,103,122,186],"considered,":[12],"which":[13,86],"simultaneously":[14],"solves":[15],"two":[16],"problems:":[17],"locating":[18],"facilities":[20,29,43],"and":[21,30,41,46,91,136,188],"designing":[22],"vehicle":[24],"routes":[25],"among":[26],"established":[28,42],"customers.":[31],"CLRP-FD,":[34,62],"capacities":[36],"of":[37,49,108,111,132,139,167,198],"employed":[39],"vehicles":[40],"cannot":[44],"exceed,":[45],"customers":[51],"are":[52],"assumed":[53],"to":[54],"be":[55],"triangular":[56],"variables.":[58],"To":[59,75,128],"model":[60],"a":[63,79,88,92,191,195],"chance":[65],"constrained":[66],"programming":[67],"approach":[68],"designed":[70],"using":[71,146,157],"credibility":[73],"theory.":[74],"solve":[76],"problem,":[78],"hybrid":[80],"particle":[81],"swarm":[82],"optimization":[83],"(HPSO)":[84],"algorithm,":[85,102],"includes":[87],"stochastic":[89],"simulation":[90],"local":[93],"search":[94,101],"strategy":[95],"based":[96],"on":[97,117,172],"variable":[99],"neighborhood":[100],"proposed.":[104],"Finally,":[105],"influence":[107],"value":[110],"dispatcher":[113],"preference":[114],"index":[115],"(DPI)":[116],"total":[119],"distribution":[120],"cost":[121],"analyzed":[123],"by":[124],"conducting":[125],"numerical":[126,179],"experiments.":[127],"evaluate":[129],"efficiency":[131],"proposed":[134,184],"HPSO":[135,148,168,185],"performance":[138,166],"CLRP-FD":[141],"model,":[142],"results":[144,180],"obtained":[145],"were":[149],"compared":[150],"their":[152],"corresponding":[153],"lower":[154],"bound":[155],"provided":[156],"CPLEX":[159],"solver.":[160],"Moreover,":[161],"we":[162],"also":[163],"evaluated":[164],"through":[169],"computational":[170],"experiments":[171],"some":[173],"well-known":[174],"benchmark":[175],"CLRP":[176],"instances.":[177],"The":[178],"show":[181],"that":[182],"competitive,":[187],"can":[189],"give":[190],"satisfactory":[192],"solution":[193],"in":[194],"reasonable":[196],"amount":[197],"time.":[199]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-06-06T09:05:17.133730","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}