{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3081061859","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3018480","title":"Adaptive Unsupervised Feature Learning for Gene Signature Identification in Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer","display_name":"Adaptive Unsupervised Feature Learning for Gene Signature Identification in Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3081061859","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3018480","mag":"3081061859"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.3018480","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3018480","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09173737.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09173737.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063256241","display_name":"Xiucai Ye","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5547-3919"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I146399215","display_name":"University of Tsukuba","ror":"https://ror.org/02956yf07","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I146399215"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xiucai Ye","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I146399215"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100743164","display_name":"Weihang Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-7308-9418"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I146399215","display_name":"University of Tsukuba","ror":"https://ror.org/02956yf07","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I146399215"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Weihang Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I146399215"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038336830","display_name":"Tetsuya Sakurai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5789-7547"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I146399215","display_name":"University of Tsukuba","ror":"https://ror.org/02956yf07","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I146399215"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tetsuya Sakurai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I146399215"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5063256241"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I146399215"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":0.5854,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":12,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.65483063,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":null,"first_page":"154354","last_page":"154362"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10885","display_name":"Gene expression and cancer classification","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10885","display_name":"Gene expression and cancer classification","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10515","display_name":"Cancer-related molecular mechanisms research","score":0.9916999936103821,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1306","display_name":"Cancer Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10887","display_name":"Bioinformatics and Genomic Networks","score":0.9896000027656555,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-selection","display_name":"Feature selection","score":0.7437061071395874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discriminative-model","display_name":"Discriminative model","score":0.7183623313903809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6461271047592163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gene-signature","display_name":"Gene signature","score":0.5959433913230896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5670368075370789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linear-discriminant-analysis","display_name":"Linear discriminant analysis","score":0.5214980244636536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5131745934486389},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.4568236172199249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.4125054180622101},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computational-biology","display_name":"Computational biology","score":0.39254581928253174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.3765271008014679},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.3292819857597351},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gene","display_name":"Gene","score":0.3235796093940735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gene-expression","display_name":"Gene expression","score":0.23984000086784363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biology","display_name":"Biology","score":0.23153769969940186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/genetics","display_name":"Genetics","score":0.09771069884300232}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148483581","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q446488","display_name":"Feature selection","level":2,"score":0.7437061071395874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97931131","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5282087","display_name":"Discriminative model","level":2,"score":0.7183623313903809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6461271047592163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779733811","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5531562","display_name":"Gene signature","level":4,"score":0.5959433913230896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5670368075370789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C69738355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1228929","display_name":"Linear discriminant analysis","level":2,"score":0.5214980244636536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5131745934486389},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.4568236172199249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.4125054180622101},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70721500","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177005","display_name":"Computational biology","level":1,"score":0.39254581928253174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3765271008014679},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.3292819857597351},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.3235796093940735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150194340","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26972","display_name":"Gene expression","level":3,"score":0.23984000086784363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.23153769969940186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.09771069884300232},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.3018480","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3018480","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09173737.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:9ab0f2540a5647dbb405a9f5bf6c297f","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/9ab0f2540a5647dbb405a9f5bf6c297f","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 8, Pp 154354-154362 (2020)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:tsukuba.repo.nii.ac.jp:02001311","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2241/0002001311","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402076","display_name":"Terrestrial Environment Research Center (University of Tsukuba)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I146399215","host_organization_name":"University of Tsukuba","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I146399215"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.3018480","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3018480","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09173737.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","score":0.7400000095367432,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1492856601","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Resear","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334764","funder_display_name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2174740613","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"18H03250","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334764","funder_display_name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2983449479","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Scientific Research","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334764","funder_display_name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3459562248","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Grant","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334764","funder_display_name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4874944895","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"-in-Aid","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334764","funder_display_name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5256887504","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS)","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334764","funder_display_name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7752643416","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Japan","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334764","funder_display_name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321034","display_name":"New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization","ror":"https://ror.org/0055k7a87"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334764","display_name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","ror":"https://ror.org/00hhkn466"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3081061859.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3081061859.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":52,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W141062567","https://openalex.org/W1514920785","https://openalex.org/W1965302838","https://openalex.org/W1966327575","https://openalex.org/W1977500760","https://openalex.org/W1979089718","https://openalex.org/W1990519701","https://openalex.org/W2001619934","https://openalex.org/W2009501510","https://openalex.org/W2016023958","https://openalex.org/W2017733151","https://openalex.org/W2024957235","https://openalex.org/W2026257726","https://openalex.org/W2030549996","https://openalex.org/W2060705109","https://openalex.org/W2095253562","https://openalex.org/W2103017472","https://openalex.org/W2114104545","https://openalex.org/W2116224763","https://openalex.org/W2128873747","https://openalex.org/W2140099276","https://openalex.org/W2143426320","https://openalex.org/W2149620660","https://openalex.org/W2168901348","https://openalex.org/W2257217404","https://openalex.org/W2342032814","https://openalex.org/W2402014506","https://openalex.org/W2473039878","https://openalex.org/W2571874970","https://openalex.org/W2606717848","https://openalex.org/W2801516651","https://openalex.org/W2810432309","https://openalex.org/W2889297461","https://openalex.org/W2889646458","https://openalex.org/W2891290193","https://openalex.org/W2913961829","https://openalex.org/W2920860638","https://openalex.org/W2951612214","https://openalex.org/W2957847839","https://openalex.org/W2962425376","https://openalex.org/W2966868966","https://openalex.org/W2995915627","https://openalex.org/W3008058450","https://openalex.org/W3026534589","https://openalex.org/W3146200671","https://openalex.org/W4250589301","https://openalex.org/W6605792473","https://openalex.org/W6681822384","https://openalex.org/W6732125030","https://openalex.org/W6753703987","https://openalex.org/W6754812645","https://openalex.org/W6759104856"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2965546495","https://openalex.org/W4389116644","https://openalex.org/W2153315159","https://openalex.org/W3103844505","https://openalex.org/W259157601","https://openalex.org/W4205463238","https://openalex.org/W2761785940","https://openalex.org/W2110523656","https://openalex.org/W1482209366","https://openalex.org/W2521627374"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Non-small-cell":[0],"lung":[1,10],"cancer":[2],"(NSCLC)":[3],"is":[4,52],"the":[5,30,39,59,70,90,131,141,145,159,164,185,203,212],"most":[6,60],"common":[7],"type":[8],"of":[9,17,23,32,42,172,192,202],"cancer,":[11],"which":[12],"accounts":[13],"for":[14,57,93,125,195],"a":[15,82,121,168,189],"proportion":[16],"nearly":[18],"85%.":[19],"The":[20,102,175,180],"increasing":[21],"availability":[22],"genome-wide":[24],"gene":[25,33,91,99,152,169,193,205],"expression":[26,100,170],"data":[27],"has":[28],"facilitated":[29],"identification":[31],"signatures":[34,92,194,206],"that":[35,184],"are":[36],"significant":[37],"to":[38,64,88,129,139,157],"precise":[40],"classification":[41,96],"NSCLC":[43,94,173,197],"subtypes":[44],"and":[45,68,112],"personalized":[46],"treatment":[47],"decisions.":[48],"Unsupervised":[49],"feature":[50,62,85,127,155],"selection":[51,86,128,156],"an":[53],"effective":[54,135],"computational":[55,160],"technique":[56],"searching":[58],"discriminative":[61],"subset":[63],"distinguish":[65],"different":[66],"classes":[67],"find":[69],"potential":[71],"information":[72],"embedded":[73],"in":[74,144],"biological":[75,214],"data.":[76,101],"In":[77],"this":[78],"study,":[79],"we":[80,149],"proposed":[81,103,146,165,186],"novel":[83],"unsupervised":[84,126],"method":[87,104,166,187],"identify":[89],"subtype":[95,198],"based":[97],"on":[98,167],"incorporated":[105],"linear":[106],"discriminant":[107],"analysis,":[108],"adaptive":[109],"structure":[110],"preservation,":[111],"l":[113],"<sub":[114],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[115],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">2,1</sub>":[116],"-norm":[117],"sparse":[118],"regression":[119],"into":[120],"joint":[122],"learning":[123],"framework":[124],"select":[130],"informative":[132],"genes.":[133],"An":[134],"algorithm":[136],"was":[137,207],"developed":[138],"solve":[140],"optimization":[142],"problem":[143],"method.":[147],"Furthermore,":[148],"performed":[150,209],"module-based":[151],"filtering":[153],"before":[154],"reduce":[158],"cost.":[161],"We":[162],"evaluated":[163],"dataset":[171],"from":[174],"Cancer":[176],"Genome":[177],"Atlas":[178],"(TCGA).":[179],"experimental":[181],"results":[182],"show":[183],"identified":[188,204],"small":[190],"number":[191],"accurate":[196],"classification.":[199],"Enrichment":[200],"analysis":[201],"also":[208],"by":[210],"summarizing":[211],"key":[213],"processes.":[215]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-04-01T17:29:45.350535","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
