{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3080253782","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3018417","title":"An Efficient Privacy-Preserving Multi-Keyword Query Scheme in Location Based Services","display_name":"An Efficient Privacy-Preserving Multi-Keyword Query Scheme in Location Based Services","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3080253782","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3018417","mag":"3080253782"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.3018417","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3018417","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09173763.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09173763.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100689861","display_name":"Shiwen Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2490-8171"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I121296143","display_name":"Hunan University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02m9vrb24","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I121296143"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shiwen Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science and Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, China","College of Computer, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2490-8171","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I121296143"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037705217","display_name":"Tingting Yao","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I118612203","display_name":"Hunan Police Academy","ror":"https://ror.org/02gh10772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I118612203"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tingting Yao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Network Investigational Technology, Hunan Police Academy, Changsha, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Network Investigational Technology, Hunan Police Academy, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118612203"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078519973","display_name":"Wei Liang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5074-1363"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16609230","display_name":"Hunan University","ror":"https://ror.org/05htk5m33","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16609230"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wei Liang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5074-1363","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16609230"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Voundi Koe Arthur Sandor","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16609230","display_name":"Hunan University","ror":"https://ror.org/05htk5m33","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16609230"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Voundi Koe Arthur Sandor","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16609230"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063188437","display_name":"Kuan\u2010Ching Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1381-4364"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177918364","display_name":"Providence University","ror":"https://ror.org/03fcpsq87","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177918364"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kuan-Ching Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, Providence University, Taichung, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1381-4364","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, Providence University, Taichung, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177918364"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":1.8253,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":17,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88520505,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":null,"first_page":"154036","last_page":"154049"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10237","display_name":"Cryptography and Data Security","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10237","display_name":"Cryptography and Data Security","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10764","display_name":"Privacy-Preserving Technologies in Data","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11498","display_name":"Security in Wireless Sensor Networks","score":0.9854999780654907,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8903833627700806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/location-based-service","display_name":"Location-based service","score":0.5611661672592163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scalability","display_name":"Scalability","score":0.5356855392456055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/web-search-query","display_name":"Web search query","score":0.48480334877967834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encryption","display_name":"Encryption","score":0.48200979828834534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/range-query","display_name":"Range query (database)","score":0.4639451503753662},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-privacy","display_name":"Information privacy","score":0.447093665599823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/query-optimization","display_name":"Query optimization","score":0.43280771374702454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptography","display_name":"Cryptography","score":0.4167410135269165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cloud-computing","display_name":"Cloud computing","score":0.41659289598464966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/database","display_name":"Database","score":0.3499932289123535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sargable","display_name":"Sargable","score":0.33850497007369995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.3241313695907593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.3231598138809204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"Information retrieval","score":0.25607550144195557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/search-engine","display_name":"Search engine","score":0.10674387216567993}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8903833627700806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155292070","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1198122","display_name":"Location-based service","level":2,"score":0.5611661672592163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.5356855392456055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164120249","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q995982","display_name":"Web search query","level":3,"score":0.48480334877967834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148730421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141090","display_name":"Encryption","level":2,"score":0.48200979828834534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136736807","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q818943","display_name":"Range query (database)","level":5,"score":0.4639451503753662},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123201435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q456632","display_name":"Information privacy","level":2,"score":0.447093665599823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157692150","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2919848","display_name":"Query optimization","level":2,"score":0.43280771374702454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178489894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8789","display_name":"Cryptography","level":2,"score":0.4167410135269165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.41659289598464966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.3499932289123535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192939062","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q104840822","display_name":"Sargable","level":4,"score":0.33850497007369995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.3241313695907593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.3231598138809204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.25607550144195557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97854310","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19541","display_name":"Search engine","level":2,"score":0.10674387216567993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.3018417","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3018417","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09173763.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:7c1e7bb80e614bdaabcae3e848c8302d","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/7c1e7bb80e614bdaabcae3e848c8302d","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 8, Pp 154036-154049 (2020)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.3018417","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3018417","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09173763.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7461885629","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2019JJ50167","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7533840123","display_name":"\u57fa\u4e8e\u4f4d\u7f6e\u670d\u52a1\u7684\u793e\u4ea4\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5b89\u5168\u4e0e\u9690\u79c1\u4fdd\u62a4\u673a\u5236\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"61702180","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8069883252","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"E51790","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326692","funder_display_name":"Hunan University of Science and Technology"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8944888020","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2019JJ50167","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322843","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of\u00a0Hunan Province"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322191","display_name":"Hunan University","ror":"https://ror.org/05htk5m33"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322843","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of\u00a0Hunan Province","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326692","display_name":"Hunan University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02m9vrb24"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3080253782.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3080253782.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":39,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W177444027","https://openalex.org/W1512194687","https://openalex.org/W1532761024","https://openalex.org/W1689932539","https://openalex.org/W1836365731","https://openalex.org/W1992266555","https://openalex.org/W2028274834","https://openalex.org/W2054701320","https://openalex.org/W2074149673","https://openalex.org/W2082894754","https://openalex.org/W2086863233","https://openalex.org/W2096899416","https://openalex.org/W2108590723","https://openalex.org/W2122590785","https://openalex.org/W2126689465","https://openalex.org/W2134167315","https://openalex.org/W2136114025","https://openalex.org/W2146828512","https://openalex.org/W2148797863","https://openalex.org/W2154851771","https://openalex.org/W2157855380","https://openalex.org/W2169046918","https://openalex.org/W2169691038","https://openalex.org/W2169893912","https://openalex.org/W2238866705","https://openalex.org/W2310343821","https://openalex.org/W2313589991","https://openalex.org/W2342635042","https://openalex.org/W2344330137","https://openalex.org/W2467748160","https://openalex.org/W2522306717","https://openalex.org/W2581672328","https://openalex.org/W2782543804","https://openalex.org/W2795987214","https://openalex.org/W2910358275","https://openalex.org/W2979571639","https://openalex.org/W2999073610","https://openalex.org/W3008343234","https://openalex.org/W4210726200"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2096359267","https://openalex.org/W3125756434","https://openalex.org/W2184296057","https://openalex.org/W4256058599","https://openalex.org/W2362460270","https://openalex.org/W1793997780","https://openalex.org/W2392799717","https://openalex.org/W2538384344","https://openalex.org/W185198413","https://openalex.org/W2901901036"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"With":[0],"the":[1,8,29,33,37,43,68,79,93,124,129,132,141,149,154,162,173,177,188,212,247,261,266,273,289,293],"proliferation":[2],"of":[3,10,46,131,143,156,268,297],"location-aware":[4],"mobile":[5,47],"devices":[6],"and":[7,26,53,87,117,134,146,196,239,251,271,275,288,295],"prevalence":[9],"wireless":[11],"communications,":[12],"location-based":[13],"services":[14],"(LBS)":[15],"have":[16,59,75],"attracted":[17],"much":[18],"particular":[19],"attention":[20],"in":[21,39,110,176],"recent":[22],"years.":[23],"For":[24],"flexibility":[25],"cost":[27],"savings,":[28],"LBS":[30,34,144,269,286],"provider":[31],"outsources":[32],"data":[35,54,145,150],"to":[36,41,98,166,171,200,206,215,246],"cloud":[38,213],"order":[40],"serve":[42],"increasing":[44],"number":[45],"users.":[48,151],"To":[49,152,186,210],"guarantee":[50],"users\u2019":[51,85],"privacy":[52,90,137],"confidentiality,":[55],"some":[56],"excellent":[57],"works":[58,74],"been":[60],"proposed":[61,158,235,262],"which":[62,127],"focus":[63],"on":[64,283],"secure":[65,218],"query":[66,88,109,120,135,139,178,226,276],"over":[67,123],"location":[69,86,133,174,189,274],"server.":[70],"However,":[71],"these":[72],"existing":[73],"two":[76],"limitations.":[77],"On":[78,92],"one":[80],"hand,":[81,95],"they":[82,96],"cannot":[83],"preserve":[84],"content":[89,136,277],"simultaneously.":[91],"other":[94],"fail":[97],"support":[99],"multi-keyword":[100,119,219],"queries.":[101],"In":[102,232],"this":[103],"article,":[104],"aiming":[105],"at":[106],"a":[107,114,168,183,202,208,217,224,255,284],"multi-keywords":[108],"LBS,":[111],"we":[112,160,191,221],"propose":[113],"novel":[115],"efficient":[116],"privacy-preserving":[118,225],"scheme":[121,227,236,263],"(PPMQ)":[122],"outsourced":[125],"cloud,":[126],"satisfies":[128],"requirements":[130],"protection,":[138],"efficiency,":[140],"confidentiality":[142,267],"scalability":[147],"regarding":[148],"improve":[153],"efficiency":[155,296],"our":[157,234,298],"scheme,":[159],"utilize":[161],"linear":[163],"quad-tree":[164],"technique":[165],"build":[167,201],"grid":[169],"system":[170],"represent":[172],"information":[175],"condition":[179],"as":[180,182],"well":[181],"searchable":[184,203],"index.":[185],"protect":[187,272],"privacy,":[190],"combine":[192],"decimal":[193],"Morton":[194],"code":[195],"public-key":[197],"cryptography":[198],"techniques":[199],"index":[204],"or":[205],"generate":[207],"trapdoor.":[209],"enable":[211],"server":[214],"perform":[216],"query,":[220],"systematically":[222],"construct":[223],"with":[228],"bilinear":[229],"pairing-based":[230],"cryptography.":[231],"particular,":[233],"is":[237],"scalable":[238],"very":[240],"suitable":[241],"for":[242],"multi-user":[243],"environments":[244],"due":[245],"flexible":[248],"user":[249],"registration":[250],"revocation":[252],"mechanisms.":[253],"Furthermore,":[254],"detailed":[256],"security":[257,294],"analysis":[258],"shows":[259],"that":[260],"can":[264],"ensure":[265],"data,":[270],"privacy.":[278],"Extensive":[279],"experiments":[280],"are":[281],"conducted":[282],"real":[285],"dataset,":[287],"simulation":[290],"results":[291],"confirm":[292],"scheme.":[299]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}