{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3052056801","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3017458","title":"A Life Cycle-Cost Analysis of Li-ion and Lead-Acid BESSs and Their Actively Hybridized ESSs With Supercapacitors for Islanded Microgrid Applications","display_name":"A Life Cycle-Cost Analysis of Li-ion and Lead-Acid BESSs and Their Actively Hybridized ESSs With Supercapacitors for Islanded Microgrid Applications","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3052056801","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3017458","mag":"3052056801"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.3017458","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3017458","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09170563.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09170563.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024926765","display_name":"Maryam Torkashvand","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4318-8085"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I155419210","display_name":"Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch","ror":"https://ror.org/03187yj51","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I110525433","https://openalex.org/I155419210"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maryam Torkashvand","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Islamic Azad University Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2290-1227","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Islamic Azad University Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I155419210"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054174921","display_name":"Abolfazl Khodadadi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4791-8380"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I86987016","display_name":"KTH Royal Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/026vcq606","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86987016"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abolfazl Khodadadi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Electric Power and Energy Systems, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4791-8380","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Electric Power and Energy Systems, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86987016"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069938942","display_name":"Mehrdad Bagheri Sanjareh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2213-462X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I48379061","display_name":"Shahid Beheshti University","ror":"https://ror.org/0091vmj44","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I48379061"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mehrdad Bagheri Sanjareh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I48379061"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031505037","display_name":"Muhammad H. Nazary","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I158248296","display_name":"Amirkabir University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04gzbav43","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I158248296"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad H. Nazary","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Center of Excellence in Power Systems, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Center of Excellence in Power Systems, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158248296"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":4.9149,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":51,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95689912,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":null,"first_page":"153215","last_page":"153225"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10223","display_name":"Microgrid Control and Optimization","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10223","display_name":"Microgrid Control and Optimization","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10179","display_name":"Supercapacitor Materials and Fabrication","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2504","display_name":"Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11690","display_name":"Advanced battery technologies research","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microgrid","display_name":"Microgrid","score":0.9064944982528687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/supercapacitor","display_name":"Supercapacitor","score":0.8148939609527588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/battery","display_name":"Battery (electricity)","score":0.6301031708717346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-storage","display_name":"Energy storage","score":0.6163668036460876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lead\u2013acid-battery","display_name":"Lead\u2013acid battery","score":0.6014808416366577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/topology","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","score":0.5040642023086548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.48822858929634094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/capital-cost","display_name":"Capital cost","score":0.4153885841369629},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.3958672285079956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automotive-engineering","display_name":"Automotive engineering","score":0.33000630140304565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.21990647912025452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.21574628353118896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.1868349015712738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrode","display_name":"Electrode","score":0.17906183004379272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/capacitance","display_name":"Capacitance","score":0.17798298597335815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.10200536251068115}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776784348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5762595","display_name":"Microgrid","level":3,"score":0.9064944982528687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6585489","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q754523","display_name":"Supercapacitor","level":4,"score":0.8148939609527588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555008776","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q267298","display_name":"Battery (electricity)","level":3,"score":0.6301031708717346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73916439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837718","display_name":"Energy storage","level":3,"score":0.6163668036460876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50292345","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q337724","display_name":"Lead\u2013acid battery","level":4,"score":0.6014808416366577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184720557","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7825049","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","level":2,"score":0.5040642023086548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.48822858929634094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157062255","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5035697","display_name":"Capital cost","level":2,"score":0.4153885841369629},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.3958672285079956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171146098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124192","display_name":"Automotive engineering","level":1,"score":0.33000630140304565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.21990647912025452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.21574628353118896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.1868349015712738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17525397","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176140","display_name":"Electrode","level":2,"score":0.17906183004379272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30066665","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q164399","display_name":"Capacitance","level":3,"score":0.17798298597335815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.10200536251068115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.3017458","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3017458","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09170563.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:da0868657b0c428e81aa7e664f9d9cc6","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/da0868657b0c428e81aa7e664f9d9cc6","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 8, Pp 153215-153225 (2020)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.3017458","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3017458","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09170563.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5299999713897705,"display_name":"Responsible consumption and production","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/12"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3052056801.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3052056801.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":45,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1974550064","https://openalex.org/W1976469556","https://openalex.org/W1997448181","https://openalex.org/W2032621279","https://openalex.org/W2041545800","https://openalex.org/W2051591315","https://openalex.org/W2061142262","https://openalex.org/W2096786180","https://openalex.org/W2097692297","https://openalex.org/W2124650441","https://openalex.org/W2132378526","https://openalex.org/W2160857139","https://openalex.org/W2267494396","https://openalex.org/W2285739950","https://openalex.org/W2301811996","https://openalex.org/W2320849361","https://openalex.org/W2338299843","https://openalex.org/W2340195015","https://openalex.org/W2463802320","https://openalex.org/W2489687088","https://openalex.org/W2728974148","https://openalex.org/W2769261166","https://openalex.org/W2793021227","https://openalex.org/W2796572302","https://openalex.org/W2799488509","https://openalex.org/W2802339474","https://openalex.org/W2892934215","https://openalex.org/W2900790066","https://openalex.org/W2904124626","https://openalex.org/W2908383785","https://openalex.org/W2944852924","https://openalex.org/W2947015116","https://openalex.org/W2947447465","https://openalex.org/W2955997479","https://openalex.org/W2969846455","https://openalex.org/W2972609713","https://openalex.org/W3000204081","https://openalex.org/W3006371160","https://openalex.org/W3023908208","https://openalex.org/W3027616065","https://openalex.org/W3028592487","https://openalex.org/W3043225196","https://openalex.org/W3047409851","https://openalex.org/W6678465550","https://openalex.org/W6697816677"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3037384208","https://openalex.org/W4214666829","https://openalex.org/W3133930036","https://openalex.org/W2891382877","https://openalex.org/W2384093239","https://openalex.org/W1600945217","https://openalex.org/W3106248067","https://openalex.org/W4387577058","https://openalex.org/W1932401759","https://openalex.org/W3103756238"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,25,171],"combination":[1],"of":[2,27,32,61,102,134,142,152,155],"supercapacitors":[3],"(SCs)":[4],"with":[5,106],"Li-ion":[6],"Batteries":[7,11],"(LIBs)":[8],"and":[9,37,44,50,74,104,124,165,186,193],"Lead-Acid":[10],"(LABs)":[12],"as":[13],"hybrid":[14],"ESSs":[15],"(HESSs)":[16],"have":[17],"widely":[18],"been":[19],"proposed":[20,130,144],"for":[21,113,131,147,176],"Microgrid":[22],"(MG)":[23],"applications.":[24],"SCs":[26,107],"HESSs":[28,54],"eliminate":[29],"the":[30,53,58,65,82,90,100,132,140,143,150,184,196],"stress":[31],"surge":[33],"currents":[34],"on":[35],"LIBs":[36,105],"LABs,":[38],"which":[39,63,88],"increases":[40,89],"their":[41,46],"life":[42,47],"cycles,":[43],"decreases":[45,52],"cycle":[48],"costs":[49],"hence":[51],"operational":[55],"costs.":[56],"However,":[57],"active":[59],"topology":[60],"HESS,":[62],"is":[64,108,129,198],"most":[66],"commonly":[67],"used":[68],"configuration,":[69],"requires":[70],"an":[71,75,121],"extra":[72,76],"SC":[73],"DC/DC":[77],"converter":[78],"in":[79,115,136,181],"comparison":[80],"to":[81,97],"Battery":[83],"Energy":[84],"Storage":[85],"(BESS)":[86],"topology,":[87],"HESS":[91,163,167],"capital":[92],"cost.":[93],"This":[94],"paper":[95],"tries":[96],"investigate":[98],"that":[99,175],"hybridization":[101],"LABs":[103],"economically":[109],"effective":[110],"or":[111],"not":[112],"applications":[114],"islanded":[116,137,148,182],"MG.":[117],"In":[118],"this":[119],"regard,":[120],"energy":[122],"management":[123],"frequency":[125],"control":[126],"(EMFC)":[127],"scheme":[128,146],"operation":[133,180],"MG":[135],"mode.":[138],"Using":[139],"simulations":[141],"EMFC":[145],"MG,":[149,183],"size":[151],"main":[153],"components":[154],"LIB":[156],"ESS":[157,160],"(LIBESS),":[158],"LAB":[159],"(LABESS),":[161],"LIB-SC":[162],"(LISHESS)":[164],"LAB-SC":[166],"(LASHESS)":[168],"are":[169],"calculated.":[170],"numerical":[172],"results":[173],"show":[174],"a":[177],"10-year":[178],"period":[179],"LISHESS":[185,197],"LASHESS":[187],"impose":[188],"less":[189],"cost":[190],"than":[191,202],"LIBESS":[192],"LABESS.":[194],"Also,":[195],"cheaper":[199],"(almost":[200],"11%)":[201],"LASHESS.":[203]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}