{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3049579140","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3016832","title":"Neural Network-Based Alzheimer\u2019s Patient Localization for Wireless Sensor Network in an Indoor Environment","display_name":"Neural Network-Based Alzheimer\u2019s Patient Localization for Wireless Sensor Network in an Indoor Environment","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3049579140","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3016832","mag":"3049579140"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.3016832","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3016832","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09167443.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09167443.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089956954","display_name":"Zainab Munadhil","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210115078","display_name":"Middle Technical University","ror":"https://ror.org/02fvkg758","country_code":"IQ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210115078"]}],"countries":["IQ"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Zainab Munadhil","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Engineering Techniques, Electrical Engineering Technical College, Middle Technical University, Baghdad, Iraq"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Engineering Techniques, Electrical Engineering Technical College, Middle Technical University, Baghdad, Iraq","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210115078"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030041439","display_name":"Sadik Kamel Gharghan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9071-1775"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210115078","display_name":"Middle Technical University","ror":"https://ror.org/02fvkg758","country_code":"IQ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210115078"]}],"countries":["IQ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sadik Kamel Gharghan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Medical Instrumentation Techniques Engineering, Electrical Engineering Technical College, Middle Technical University, Baghdad, Iraq"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9071-1775","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medical Instrumentation Techniques Engineering, Electrical Engineering Technical College, Middle Technical University, Baghdad, Iraq","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210115078"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048412708","display_name":"Ammar Hussein Mutlag","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3595-4966"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210115078","display_name":"Middle Technical University","ror":"https://ror.org/02fvkg758","country_code":"IQ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210115078"]}],"countries":["IQ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ammar Hussein Mutlag","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Engineering Techniques, Electrical Engineering Technical College, Middle Technical University, Baghdad, Iraq"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Engineering Techniques, Electrical Engineering Technical College, Middle Technical University, Baghdad, Iraq","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210115078"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000023371","display_name":"Ali Al\u2010Naji","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8840-9235"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170239107","display_name":"University of South Australia","ror":"https://ror.org/01p93h210","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170239107"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210115078","display_name":"Middle Technical University","ror":"https://ror.org/02fvkg758","country_code":"IQ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210115078"]}],"countries":["AU","IQ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ali Al-Naji","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Medical Instrumentation Techniques Engineering, Electrical Engineering Technical College, Middle Technical University, Baghdad, Iraq","UniSA STEM, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8840-9235","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medical Instrumentation Techniques Engineering, Electrical Engineering Technical College, Middle Technical University, Baghdad, Iraq","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210115078"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"UniSA STEM, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170239107"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090327828","display_name":"Javaan Chahl","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6496-0543"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1303474014","display_name":"Defence Science and Technology Group","ror":"https://ror.org/05ddrvt52","country_code":"AU","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303474014","https://openalex.org/I2801453606","https://openalex.org/I3139952251"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170239107","display_name":"University of South Australia","ror":"https://ror.org/01p93h210","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170239107"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Javaan Chahl","raw_affiliation_strings":["Joint and Operations Analysis Division, Defence Science and Technology Group, Melbourne, Australia","UniSA STEM, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Joint and Operations Analysis Division, Defence Science and Technology Group, Melbourne, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1303474014"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"UniSA STEM, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170239107"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5089956954"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210115078"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":3.8493,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":52,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94195998,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":null,"first_page":"150527","last_page":"150538"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10080","display_name":"Energy Efficient Wireless Sensor Networks","score":0.9962000250816345,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10444","display_name":"Context-Aware Activity Recognition Systems","score":0.9781000018119812,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-sensor-network","display_name":"Wireless sensor network","score":0.7375338077545166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7192093729972839},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/node","display_name":"Node (physics)","score":0.6864055395126343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/laptop","display_name":"Laptop","score":0.6840896606445312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/backpropagation","display_name":"Backpropagation","score":0.6683934330940247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.6183598637580872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.43901583552360535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/alzheimers-disease","display_name":"Alzheimer's disease","score":0.43421411514282227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.4146696925163269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.40706613659858704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.3429318368434906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.27459388971328735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.17725831270217896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.13231569528579712},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/disease","display_name":"Disease","score":0.11683344841003418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.09997603297233582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pathology","display_name":"Pathology","score":0.07072678208351135}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24590314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q336038","display_name":"Wireless sensor network","level":2,"score":0.7375338077545166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7192093729972839},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62611344","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062658","display_name":"Node (physics)","level":2,"score":0.6864055395126343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780008327","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3962","display_name":"Laptop","level":2,"score":0.6840896606445312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155032097","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q798503","display_name":"Backpropagation","level":3,"score":0.6683934330940247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.6183598637580872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.43901583552360535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C502032728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11081","display_name":"Alzheimer's disease","level":3,"score":0.43421411514282227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.4146696925163269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.40706613659858704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.3429318368434906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.27459388971328735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.17725831270217896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.13231569528579712},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.11683344841003418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.09997603297233582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.07072678208351135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.3016832","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3016832","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09167443.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:urm_publish:9916433903001831","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://find.library.unisa.edu.au/discovery/fulldisplay/alma9916433903001831/61USOUTHAUS_INST:ROR","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402528","display_name":"UniSA Research Outputs Repository (University of South Australia)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I170239107","host_organization_name":"University of South Australia","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170239107"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:1281de9b40ef4c75979e3fdd1f65bab5","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/1281de9b40ef4c75979e3fdd1f65bab5","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 8, Pp 150527-150538 (2020)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.3016832","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3016832","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09167443.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3049579140.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3049579140.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":66,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W967085907","https://openalex.org/W1973830197","https://openalex.org/W2014477168","https://openalex.org/W2032268589","https://openalex.org/W2059483016","https://openalex.org/W2085650743","https://openalex.org/W2108071953","https://openalex.org/W2295205072","https://openalex.org/W2333248310","https://openalex.org/W2398544875","https://openalex.org/W2472990268","https://openalex.org/W2481070470","https://openalex.org/W2491773623","https://openalex.org/W2529865501","https://openalex.org/W2566896334","https://openalex.org/W2610544564","https://openalex.org/W2618232483","https://openalex.org/W2662157373","https://openalex.org/W2745128635","https://openalex.org/W2747805921","https://openalex.org/W2753866421","https://openalex.org/W2754606333","https://openalex.org/W2761237876","https://openalex.org/W2765095969","https://openalex.org/W2767333724","https://openalex.org/W2770222218","https://openalex.org/W2784430335","https://openalex.org/W2793695278","https://openalex.org/W2794369236","https://openalex.org/W2794418587","https://openalex.org/W2800495094","https://openalex.org/W2802261045","https://openalex.org/W2806729898","https://openalex.org/W2807058088","https://openalex.org/W2836844976","https://openalex.org/W2883086472","https://openalex.org/W2888967269","https://openalex.org/W2889581931","https://openalex.org/W2893731701","https://openalex.org/W2898466634","https://openalex.org/W2920046745","https://openalex.org/W2922059131","https://openalex.org/W2922763380","https://openalex.org/W2927029950","https://openalex.org/W2939735016","https://openalex.org/W2944307380","https://openalex.org/W2945382853","https://openalex.org/W2950535083","https://openalex.org/W2955492786","https://openalex.org/W2963539531","https://openalex.org/W2971232721","https://openalex.org/W2981163693","https://openalex.org/W2990370586","https://openalex.org/W2998087826","https://openalex.org/W2998138386","https://openalex.org/W2998552519","https://openalex.org/W2999061234","https://openalex.org/W3001692109","https://openalex.org/W3005097718","https://openalex.org/W3005878296","https://openalex.org/W3022241602","https://openalex.org/W3037262161","https://openalex.org/W3102219235","https://openalex.org/W4247892101","https://openalex.org/W6671555740","https://openalex.org/W6780250227"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3153292769","https://openalex.org/W2045444909","https://openalex.org/W1516398359","https://openalex.org/W1901656956","https://openalex.org/W2990805456","https://openalex.org/W2941659365","https://openalex.org/W4239210160","https://openalex.org/W2376300433","https://openalex.org/W4242605858","https://openalex.org/W2495255596"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,12,71,91,114,146],"number":[1],"of":[2,63,75,97,128,143,191],"older":[3],"adults":[4],"with":[5,173],"Alzheimer's":[6,20,65,89],"disease":[7],"is":[8],"increasing":[9],"every":[10],"year.":[11],"associated":[13],"memory":[14],"problems":[15],"cause":[16],"many":[17],"difficulties":[18],"for":[19,122,159],"patients":[21,25],"and":[22,47,59,82,125,136,157,161],"their":[23],"caretakers;":[24],"may":[26],"even":[27],"become":[28],"lost":[29],"in":[30,67,186,189],"familiar":[31],"surroundings.":[32],"In":[33],"this":[34],"article,":[35],"a":[36,42,108,171],"proposed":[37,72,180],"localization":[38,153,193],"system":[39,73],"based":[40,49],"on":[41,170],"wireless":[43],"sensor":[44],"network":[45,52],"(WSN)":[46],"backpropagation":[48],"artificial":[50],"neural":[51],"(BP-ANN)":[53],"was":[54,101],"practically":[55],"implemented":[56],"to":[57],"detect":[58],"determine":[60],"the":[61,88,98,104,129,141,144,150,167,179],"position":[62],"an":[64,68],"patient":[66],"indoor":[69],"environment.":[70],"consisted":[74],"four":[76],"ZigBee-based":[77],"XBee":[78],"S2C":[79],"anchor":[80,99],"nodes":[81,100],"one":[83],"mobile":[84,105],"node":[85,106],"carried":[86],"by":[87,103,111],"patient.":[90],"received":[92],"signal":[93],"strength":[94],"indicator":[95],"(RSSI)":[96],"collected":[102],"using":[107],"laptop":[109],"supported":[110],"X-CTU":[112],"software.":[113],"obtained":[115,151],"RSSI":[116],"values":[117],"were":[118,138,155],"used":[119,139],"as":[120,140],"input":[121],"training,":[123],"testing,":[124],"validation":[126,160],"processes":[127],"BP-ANN,":[130],"while":[131],"two-dimension":[132],"(2D)":[133],"locations":[134],"(x":[135],"y)":[137],"output":[142],"ANN.":[145,168],"results":[147],"showed":[148],"that":[149,178],"mean":[152,192],"errors":[154],"0.964":[156],"0.921m":[158],"testing":[162],"phases,":[163],"respectively,":[164],"after":[165],"applying":[166],"Based":[169],"comparison":[172],"state-of-the-art":[174],"technology,":[175],"we":[176],"deduced":[177],"ANN":[181],"method":[182],"outperformed":[183],"other":[184],"techniques":[185],"previous":[187],"studies":[188],"terms":[190],"error.":[194]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-05-14T08:36:36.166977","created_date":"2020-08-21T00:00:00"}
