{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3048862016","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3015882","title":"High-Capacity Reversible Data Hiding in Encrypted Images Using Multi-Layer Embedding","display_name":"High-Capacity Reversible Data Hiding in Encrypted Images Using Multi-Layer Embedding","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3048862016","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3015882","mag":"3048862016"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.3015882","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3015882","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09164941.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09164941.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004124220","display_name":"Asad Malik","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9976-3563"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4800084","display_name":"Southwest Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hn7w693","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4800084"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Asad Malik","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China","ORCiD"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9976-3563","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4800084"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"ORCiD","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032866454","display_name":"Peisong He","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3121-0599"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24185976","display_name":"Sichuan University","ror":"https://ror.org/011ashp19","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24185976"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peisong He","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Cybersecurity, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China","ORCiD"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3121-0599","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Cybersecurity, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24185976"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"ORCiD","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Hongxia Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6294-3272"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24185976","display_name":"Sichuan University","ror":"https://ror.org/011ashp19","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24185976"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hongxia Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Cybersecurity, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China","ORCiD"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6294-3272","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Cybersecurity, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24185976"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"ORCiD","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028893406","display_name":"Ahmad Neyaz Khan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2783-4190"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ahmad Neyaz Khan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China","ORCiD"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2783-4190","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"ORCiD","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030017120","display_name":"Saied Pirasteh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3177-037X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4800084","display_name":"Southwest Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hn7w693","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4800084"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Saied Pirasteh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Surveying and Geoinformatics, Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China","ORCiD"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3177-037X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Surveying and Geoinformatics, Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4800084"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"ORCiD","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027109204","display_name":"Sani M. Abdullahi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4962-2794"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sani M. Abdullahi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sichuan Wai Zhimaoyuan IT/Edu Consulting Firm Company Ltd., Chengdu, China","ORCiD"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4962-2794","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sichuan Wai Zhimaoyuan IT/Edu Consulting Firm Company Ltd., Chengdu, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"ORCiD","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":0.7704,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":12,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.71033011,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":null,"first_page":"148997","last_page":"149010"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10388","display_name":"Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10388","display_name":"Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11017","display_name":"Chaos-based Image/Signal Encryption","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12357","display_name":"Digital Media Forensic Detection","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-hiding","display_name":"Information hiding","score":0.7245782017707825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6848311424255371},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encryption","display_name":"Encryption","score":0.6375867128372192},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedding","display_name":"Embedding","score":0.6142527461051941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/layer","display_name":"Layer (electronics)","score":0.5567818284034729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.3460482358932495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.33952152729034424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.22926750779151917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.2255038619041443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nanotechnology","display_name":"Nanotechnology","score":0.11234131455421448}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3073032","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15912075","display_name":"Information hiding","level":3,"score":0.7245782017707825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6848311424255371},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148730421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141090","display_name":"Encryption","level":2,"score":0.6375867128372192},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41608201","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q980509","display_name":"Embedding","level":2,"score":0.6142527461051941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779227376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6505497","display_name":"Layer (electronics)","level":2,"score":0.5567818284034729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.3460482358932495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.33952152729034424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.22926750779151917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.2255038619041443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171250308","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11468","display_name":"Nanotechnology","level":1,"score":0.11234131455421448}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.3015882","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3015882","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09164941.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:6b7c11d33d124a4685071fd098e46eea","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/6b7c11d33d124a4685071fd098e46eea","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 8, Pp 148997-149010 (2020)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.3015882","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3015882","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09164941.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1473523738","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61972269","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2147231576","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61902263","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321543","funder_display_name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2226225485","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61902263","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3357364113","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2020SCU12066","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321543","funder_display_name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4060346039","display_name":"\u57fa\u4e8e\u4eba\u5de5\u514d\u75ab\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u9690\u85cf\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"61972269","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4533257682","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61972269","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321543","funder_display_name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6728285051","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2020SCU12066","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6887471978","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2020M673276","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321543","funder_display_name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7964073241","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2020M673276","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8222896840","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61902263","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8705704472","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2020SCU12066","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8986426499","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2020M673276","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321543","display_name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/0426zh255"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3048862016.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3048862016.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":62,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1812030059","https://openalex.org/W1990962661","https://openalex.org/W1998279455","https://openalex.org/W2010380519","https://openalex.org/W2012711090","https://openalex.org/W2019555411","https://openalex.org/W2029438024","https://openalex.org/W2038846832","https://openalex.org/W2074253957","https://openalex.org/W2075965608","https://openalex.org/W2090120554","https://openalex.org/W2106950225","https://openalex.org/W2121393355","https://openalex.org/W2130752051","https://openalex.org/W2132971215","https://openalex.org/W2133665775","https://openalex.org/W2135459805","https://openalex.org/W2159026792","https://openalex.org/W2159603431","https://openalex.org/W2170269447","https://openalex.org/W2227996660","https://openalex.org/W2281113892","https://openalex.org/W2322525404","https://openalex.org/W2337678523","https://openalex.org/W2342152533","https://openalex.org/W2376028862","https://openalex.org/W2403682575","https://openalex.org/W2425286230","https://openalex.org/W2508016950","https://openalex.org/W2508330072","https://openalex.org/W2558527387","https://openalex.org/W2586175702","https://openalex.org/W2748251709","https://openalex.org/W2779077998","https://openalex.org/W2786549469","https://openalex.org/W2790928171","https://openalex.org/W2793696846","https://openalex.org/W2794632346","https://openalex.org/W2884179402","https://openalex.org/W2891995194","https://openalex.org/W2894264879","https://openalex.org/W2898531670","https://openalex.org/W2899877560","https://openalex.org/W2912571226","https://openalex.org/W2933776034","https://openalex.org/W2944972671","https://openalex.org/W2951251764","https://openalex.org/W2963406857","https://openalex.org/W2964110087","https://openalex.org/W2964522594","https://openalex.org/W2969448873","https://openalex.org/W2969651547","https://openalex.org/W2999623651","https://openalex.org/W3003903892","https://openalex.org/W3013347211","https://openalex.org/W3103381720","https://openalex.org/W3209866323","https://openalex.org/W4233752186","https://openalex.org/W4247934040","https://openalex.org/W6683520277","https://openalex.org/W6695102171","https://openalex.org/W6717539790"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2170577885","https://openalex.org/W2081900870","https://openalex.org/W3190769222","https://openalex.org/W3127228990","https://openalex.org/W2301878849","https://openalex.org/W2054082132","https://openalex.org/W2769668853","https://openalex.org/W3101977789","https://openalex.org/W2184946989","https://openalex.org/W32138105"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Reversible":[0],"Data":[1],"Hiding":[2],"in":[3,11,107,139,258],"Encrypted":[4],"Images":[5],"(RDH-EI)":[6],"has":[7],"gained":[8],"much":[9],"popularity":[10],"the":[12,38,43,47,54,59,62,68,71,73,78,85,93,97,111,116,120,132,140,146,150,158,164,170,173,178,185,195,202,205,217,222,233,239,254,265,270,272],"field":[13],"of":[14,37,88,110,124,134,187,204,216,236,260],"signal":[15],"processing":[16],"and":[17,67,90,131,177,190,257],"cloud":[18,65],"computing.":[19],"In":[20,70],"this":[21],"study,":[22],"we":[23,247],"propose":[24],"a":[25],"high-capacity":[26],"RDH-EI":[27],"scheme":[28,219],"using":[29,81],"multi-layer":[30],"embedding.":[31,147],"It":[32],"ensures":[33],"that":[34,201,221],"after":[35],"extraction":[36],"embedded":[39,174],"additional":[40,175],"data":[41,63,94,98,176],"from":[42],"marked":[44,159,266],"encrypted":[45,76,112,160,267],"image,":[46],"original":[48,179],"image":[49,74,113,161,180,208,268,274],"is":[50,75,105,143,155,181,199,209,220,224,241],"recovered":[51,182,277],"completely.":[52],"Broadly,":[53],"method":[55],"comprises":[56],"three":[57],"parties:":[58],"content":[60,79],"owner,":[61,66],"hider/":[64],"receiver.":[69],"beginning,":[72],"by":[77],"owner":[80],"encryption":[82,255],"based":[83],"on":[84,157,264],"chaotic":[86],"behaviour":[87],"PWL-memristor":[89],"sent":[91],"to":[92,114,136,162,252],"hider.":[95],"At":[96],"hider\u2019s":[99],"side,":[100],"even-odd":[101],"value":[102],"embedding":[103,117,151],"technique":[104],"applied":[106,156,248],"multiple":[108],"layers":[109,237],"increase":[115],"capacity.":[118],"Meanwhile,":[119],"auxiliary":[121,192],"information":[122,166],"consisting":[123],"location":[125],"map":[126],"(LM)":[127],"for":[128,227,232],"each":[129,228],"layer":[130],"number":[133,235],"layers,":[135],"be":[137,276],"used":[138],"recovery":[141],"phase,":[142],"recorded":[144],"during":[145,269],"After":[148],"completing":[149],"procedure,":[152],"permutation":[153],"operation":[154],"prevent":[163],"perceptual":[165],"leakage.":[167],"Finally,":[168],"at":[169],"receiver\u2019s":[171],"side":[172],"losslessly":[183],"with":[184,278],"help":[186],"valid":[188],"keys":[189],"shared":[191],"information.":[193],"From":[194],"experimental":[196],"results,":[197],"it":[198],"observed":[200],"quality":[203],"directly":[206],"decrypted":[207],"51.0":[210,242],"dB":[211,243],"or":[212,244],"above.":[213,245],"The":[214],"advantage":[215],"proposed":[218],"PSNR":[223,240],"almost":[225],"same":[226],"layer,":[229],"i.e.":[230],"even":[231],"n":[234],"used,":[238],"Moreover,":[246],"chosen":[249],"plaintext":[250],"attack":[251,263],"test":[253],"function":[256],"case":[259],"any":[261],"cropping":[262],"transfer,":[271],"cover":[273],"can":[275],"less":[279],"distortion.":[280]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-27T08:26:11.824852","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
