{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3048969961","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3015715","title":"A Review of Nonlinear Transmission Line System Design","display_name":"A Review of Nonlinear Transmission Line System Design","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3048969961","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3015715","mag":"3048969961"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.3015715","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3015715","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09164926.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"review","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09164926.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070473312","display_name":"Andrew J. Fairbanks","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6934-9575"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I219193219","display_name":"Purdue University West Lafayette","ror":"https://ror.org/02dqehb95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Andrew J. Fairbanks","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Nuclear Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Nuclear Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082274641","display_name":"Adam M. Darr","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4591-1639"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I219193219","display_name":"Purdue University West Lafayette","ror":"https://ror.org/02dqehb95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Adam M. Darr","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Nuclear Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Nuclear Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018277307","display_name":"Allen L. Garner","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5416-7437"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I219193219","display_name":"Purdue University West Lafayette","ror":"https://ror.org/02dqehb95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Allen L. Garner","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, USA","School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, USA","School of Nuclear Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Nuclear Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5070473312"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":5.3031,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":81,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96408881,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":null,"first_page":"148606","last_page":"148621"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10262","display_name":"Microwave Engineering and Waveguides","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10262","display_name":"Microwave Engineering and Waveguides","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10069","display_name":"Antenna Design and Analysis","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11383","display_name":"Advanced Antenna and Metasurface Technologies","score":0.9979000091552734,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-topology","display_name":"Network topology","score":0.7117988467216492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electric-power-transmission","display_name":"Electric power transmission","score":0.6544235944747925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmission-line","display_name":"Transmission line","score":0.61857008934021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.5872188210487366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nonlinear-system","display_name":"Nonlinear system","score":0.5611770153045654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resonator","display_name":"Resonator","score":0.533568799495697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4844103455543518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.47526639699935913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/topology","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","score":0.46774011850357056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.4355132281780243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmission","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","score":0.417496919631958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.3134271502494812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.18359264731407166}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199845137","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q145490","display_name":"Network topology","level":2,"score":0.7117988467216492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140311924","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q200928","display_name":"Electric power transmission","level":2,"score":0.6544235944747925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33441834","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q693004","display_name":"Transmission line","level":2,"score":0.61857008934021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.5872188210487366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158622935","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q660848","display_name":"Nonlinear system","level":2,"score":0.5611770153045654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97126364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q349669","display_name":"Resonator","level":2,"score":0.533568799495697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4844103455543518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.47526639699935913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184720557","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7825049","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","level":2,"score":0.46774011850357056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.4355132281780243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C761482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118093","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","level":2,"score":0.417496919631958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.3134271502494812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.18359264731407166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.3015715","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3015715","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09164926.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:3aa7dbe284e84236a5d5e08813f18992","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/3aa7dbe284e84236a5d5e08813f18992","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 8, Pp 148606-148621 (2020)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.3015715","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3015715","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09164926.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.5699999928474426}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2637195115","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"4-18-1-","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337345","funder_display_name":"Office of Naval Research"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2811237814","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Grant","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337345","funder_display_name":"Office of Naval Research"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6832182380","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"N00014-18-1-2341","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337345","funder_display_name":"Office of Naval Research"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8876996369","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"N00014","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337345","funder_display_name":"Office of Naval Research"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337345","display_name":"Office of Naval Research","ror":"https://ror.org/00rk2pe57"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3048969961.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3048969961.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":137,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1480483046","https://openalex.org/W1505582679","https://openalex.org/W1530958214","https://openalex.org/W1550497289","https://openalex.org/W1586276528","https://openalex.org/W1596471938","https://openalex.org/W1598927482","https://openalex.org/W1823716982","https://openalex.org/W1940745759","https://openalex.org/W1964922905","https://openalex.org/W1966890384","https://openalex.org/W1968568482","https://openalex.org/W1969110752","https://openalex.org/W1971923932","https://openalex.org/W1974917556","https://openalex.org/W1976998806","https://openalex.org/W1982708795","https://openalex.org/W1990332455","https://openalex.org/W1993783989","https://openalex.org/W1994168583","https://openalex.org/W1995708776","https://openalex.org/W1995796806","https://openalex.org/W1996599086","https://openalex.org/W1998175175","https://openalex.org/W1998307838","https://openalex.org/W2005961393","https://openalex.org/W2006031783","https://openalex.org/W2012298296","https://openalex.org/W2015361037","https://openalex.org/W2015408750","https://openalex.org/W2023889059","https://openalex.org/W2027259454","https://openalex.org/W2027652501","https://openalex.org/W2029442756","https://openalex.org/W2030041233","https://openalex.org/W2032158285","https://openalex.org/W2036936516","https://openalex.org/W2038224078","https://openalex.org/W2041613370","https://openalex.org/W2042067450","https://openalex.org/W2044660794","https://openalex.org/W2046677000","https://openalex.org/W2050639649","https://openalex.org/W2054084817","https://openalex.org/W2057490226","https://openalex.org/W2072786636","https://openalex.org/W2077347239","https://openalex.org/W2077886341","https://openalex.org/W2079188866","https://openalex.org/W2088025373","https://openalex.org/W2094250065","https://openalex.org/W2101044465","https://openalex.org/W2101356981","https://openalex.org/W2103384997","https://openalex.org/W2105681302","https://openalex.org/W2106240372","https://openalex.org/W2107971449","https://openalex.org/W2110254616","https://openalex.org/W2111943187","https://openalex.org/W2112827409","https://openalex.org/W2119880268","https://openalex.org/W2120011911","https://openalex.org/W2129672996","https://openalex.org/W2132367154","https://openalex.org/W2133013288","https://openalex.org/W2136428354","https://openalex.org/W2142624734","https://openalex.org/W2147103722","https://openalex.org/W2148020016","https://openalex.org/W2149059223","https://openalex.org/W2149643084","https://openalex.org/W2155205143","https://openalex.org/W2155330696","https://openalex.org/W2156595147","https://openalex.org/W2164646352","https://openalex.org/W2165654411","https://openalex.org/W2167268959","https://openalex.org/W2168244340","https://openalex.org/W2169408380","https://openalex.org/W2171422207","https://openalex.org/W2232544526","https://openalex.org/W2260034615","https://openalex.org/W2298613382","https://openalex.org/W2300922843","https://openalex.org/W2322702249","https://openalex.org/W2327517880","https://openalex.org/W2328971695","https://openalex.org/W2343643500","https://openalex.org/W2345616968","https://openalex.org/W2418890874","https://openalex.org/W2495785533","https://openalex.org/W2515872587","https://openalex.org/W2522147242","https://openalex.org/W2525124083","https://openalex.org/W2546809814","https://openalex.org/W2548293290","https://openalex.org/W2553074511","https://openalex.org/W2556780840","https://openalex.org/W2561810459","https://openalex.org/W2570256105","https://openalex.org/W2577976329","https://openalex.org/W2585069800","https://openalex.org/W2598424469","https://openalex.org/W2599953081","https://openalex.org/W2610699998","https://openalex.org/W2618568207","https://openalex.org/W2619539339","https://openalex.org/W2734397801","https://openalex.org/W2738921893","https://openalex.org/W2762454801","https://openalex.org/W2803824056","https://openalex.org/W2884561746","https://openalex.org/W2890409938","https://openalex.org/W2891819903","https://openalex.org/W2896083395","https://openalex.org/W2896496413","https://openalex.org/W2897642234","https://openalex.org/W2899790276","https://openalex.org/W2899876396","https://openalex.org/W2922293391","https://openalex.org/W2944761548","https://openalex.org/W2947110287","https://openalex.org/W2949778691","https://openalex.org/W2951505892","https://openalex.org/W2971165613","https://openalex.org/W2993419588","https://openalex.org/W2996701164","https://openalex.org/W3000179533","https://openalex.org/W3000614505","https://openalex.org/W3036535141","https://openalex.org/W3099668566","https://openalex.org/W3188048116","https://openalex.org/W4237481705","https://openalex.org/W4248560724","https://openalex.org/W6628755170","https://openalex.org/W6744909378","https://openalex.org/W6754869435"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2059751975","https://openalex.org/W2580504822","https://openalex.org/W2765328031","https://openalex.org/W2330370671","https://openalex.org/W3115307632","https://openalex.org/W4255886484","https://openalex.org/W787855002","https://openalex.org/W2949628984","https://openalex.org/W2096055231","https://openalex.org/W3109294920"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Nonlinear":[0],"transmission":[1,80,93],"lines":[2],"(NLTLs)":[3],"have":[4],"been":[5],"increasingly":[6],"studied":[7],"to":[8,30,33,53,101],"produce":[9,34],"high":[10],"power":[11,36,103],"microwaves":[12],"(HPM)":[13],"at":[14],"higher":[15,35,102],"repetition":[16],"rates":[17],"than":[18],"conventional":[19],"HPM":[20],"devices":[21],"without":[22],"requiring":[23],"the":[24,48,69,73,78,91,106],"same":[25],"auxiliary":[26],"systems.":[27],"The":[28,86],"ability":[29],"array":[31],"NLTLs":[32],"and":[37,62,77,90,128,134],"achieve":[38,54],"beam":[39],"steering":[40],"provides":[41],"an":[42],"additional":[43],"capability.":[44],"This":[45],"review":[46],"summarizes":[47],"various":[49],"NLTL":[50,89],"topologies":[51,127],"designed":[52],"these":[55,126],"design":[56],"objectives.":[57],"Specifically,":[58],"we":[59],"summarize":[60],"modeling":[61],"experimental":[63],"studies":[64,124],"for":[65,113,125,137],"three":[66],"primary":[67],"topologies:":[68],"lumped":[70,87],"element":[71,88],"NLTL,":[72],"split":[74,107],"ring":[75,108],"resonator,":[76],"traditional":[79,92],"line":[81,94],"geometry":[82],"using":[83],"nonlinear":[84,97],"materials.":[85],"constructed":[95],"with":[96],"materials":[98],"lend":[99],"themselves":[100],"applications,":[104],"while":[105],"resonator":[109],"is":[110],"better":[111],"suited":[112],"applications":[114],"involving":[115],"antennas.":[116],"We":[117],"provide":[118],"a":[119],"detailed":[120],"summary":[121],"of":[122],"past":[123],"conclude":[129],"by":[130],"exploring":[131],"ongoing":[132],"work":[133],"future":[135],"opportunities":[136],"technological":[138],"development.":[139]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-04-10T15:06:20.359241","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
