{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3048679161","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3015510","title":"Data-Driven Security for Smart City Systems: Carving a Trail","display_name":"Data-Driven Security for Smart City Systems: Carving a Trail","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3048679161","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3015510","mag":"3048679161"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.3015510","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3015510","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3015510","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049919004","display_name":"Nader Mohamed","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9246-0968"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36788626","display_name":"California University of Pennsylvania","ror":"https://ror.org/01spssf70","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36788626"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nader Mohamed","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Information Systems, and Engineering, California University of Pennsylvania, California, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9246-0968","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Information Systems, and Engineering, California University of Pennsylvania, California, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36788626"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011612176","display_name":"Jameela Al\u2010Jaroodi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1376-0052"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I178605575","display_name":"Robert Morris University","ror":"https://ror.org/03r24vd05","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I178605575"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jameela Al-Jaroodi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Engineering, Robert Morris University, Moon, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1376-0052","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Engineering, Robert Morris University, Moon, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I178605575"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056107318","display_name":"Imad Jawhar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4582-409X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3130829635","display_name":"Al-Kafa\u00e0t University","ror":"https://ror.org/04k0d3t24","country_code":"LB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3130829635"]}],"countries":["LB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Imad Jawhar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Engineering, Al Maaref University, Beirut, Lebanon"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Engineering, Al Maaref University, Beirut, Lebanon","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3130829635"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001449877","display_name":"Nader Kesserwan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7021-5483"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I178605575","display_name":"Robert Morris University","ror":"https://ror.org/03r24vd05","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I178605575"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nader Kesserwan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Engineering, Robert Morris University, Moon, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7021-5483","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Engineering, Robert Morris University, Moon, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I178605575"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":2.9365,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":34,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91459176,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":null,"first_page":"147211","last_page":"147230"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9968000054359436,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9968000054359436,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.9958000183105469,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10917","display_name":"Smart Grid Security and Resilience","score":0.994700014591217,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smart-city","display_name":"Smart city","score":0.8030852675437927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7621012330055237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.5172715783119202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-security","display_name":"Data security","score":0.49021226167678833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.41655489802360535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smart-system","display_name":"Smart system","score":0.4109458029270172},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-of-things","display_name":"Internet of Things","score":0.20075562596321106}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777103469","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1231558","display_name":"Smart city","level":3,"score":0.8030852675437927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7621012330055237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.5172715783119202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10511746","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899388","display_name":"Data security","level":3,"score":0.49021226167678833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.41655489802360535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163362911","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17152351","display_name":"Smart system","level":3,"score":0.4109458029270172},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81860439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q251212","display_name":"Internet of Things","level":2,"score":0.20075562596321106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148730421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141090","display_name":"Encryption","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.3015510","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3015510","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:3fc06ad4345b4c118d52a19f4f4c5053","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/3fc06ad4345b4c118d52a19f4f4c5053","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 8, Pp 147211-147230 (2020)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.3015510","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3015510","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":92,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W585709381","https://openalex.org/W1515843482","https://openalex.org/W1534921012","https://openalex.org/W1538836445","https://openalex.org/W1599861493","https://openalex.org/W1887038067","https://openalex.org/W1967531263","https://openalex.org/W1978854302","https://openalex.org/W2010772936","https://openalex.org/W2036144257","https://openalex.org/W2039858940","https://openalex.org/W2041680345","https://openalex.org/W2047088851","https://openalex.org/W2058401212","https://openalex.org/W2124808847","https://openalex.org/W2126623642","https://openalex.org/W2127414816","https://openalex.org/W2130553876","https://openalex.org/W2132068130","https://openalex.org/W2135550767","https://openalex.org/W2191365824","https://openalex.org/W2192319754","https://openalex.org/W2290351359","https://openalex.org/W2293583529","https://openalex.org/W2293781195","https://openalex.org/W2333505325","https://openalex.org/W2343272421","https://openalex.org/W2399941526","https://openalex.org/W2403379684","https://openalex.org/W2492085449","https://openalex.org/W2496500812","https://openalex.org/W2509638679","https://openalex.org/W2528056110","https://openalex.org/W2530565048","https://openalex.org/W2530835859","https://openalex.org/W2576179182","https://openalex.org/W2581163311","https://openalex.org/W2581964379","https://openalex.org/W2583031215","https://openalex.org/W2584391642","https://openalex.org/W2587029634","https://openalex.org/W2595933558","https://openalex.org/W2602218799","https://openalex.org/W2606842786","https://openalex.org/W2607790552","https://openalex.org/W2611306063","https://openalex.org/W2732922352","https://openalex.org/W2738362612","https://openalex.org/W2749141039","https://openalex.org/W2765532235","https://openalex.org/W2765739766","https://openalex.org/W2783552687","https://openalex.org/W2783741806","https://openalex.org/W2783914601","https://openalex.org/W2792949944","https://openalex.org/W2794258165","https://openalex.org/W2797687618","https://openalex.org/W2829366072","https://openalex.org/W2838960237","https://openalex.org/W2878306957","https://openalex.org/W2885007481","https://openalex.org/W2889478644","https://openalex.org/W2889749348","https://openalex.org/W2890809771","https://openalex.org/W2893494242","https://openalex.org/W2898914030","https://openalex.org/W2901598045","https://openalex.org/W2902988629","https://openalex.org/W2905097561","https://openalex.org/W2913975235","https://openalex.org/W2921088707","https://openalex.org/W2936470234","https://openalex.org/W2950164656","https://openalex.org/W2962792187","https://openalex.org/W2963103668","https://openalex.org/W2963476682","https://openalex.org/W2973288775","https://openalex.org/W2986055611","https://openalex.org/W3000545655","https://openalex.org/W3001824711","https://openalex.org/W3011515011","https://openalex.org/W3013639278","https://openalex.org/W3017056087","https://openalex.org/W3031231147","https://openalex.org/W3144955302","https://openalex.org/W4255463977","https://openalex.org/W6631152087","https://openalex.org/W6635818143","https://openalex.org/W6639415379","https://openalex.org/W6713359260","https://openalex.org/W6728454589","https://openalex.org/W6733416495"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2919419721","https://openalex.org/W2515406385","https://openalex.org/W4205496134","https://openalex.org/W2782657127","https://openalex.org/W2808948398","https://openalex.org/W3015334923","https://openalex.org/W2559495752","https://openalex.org/W1579500408","https://openalex.org/W4367043907","https://openalex.org/W3113241152"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Smart":[0,9],"cities":[1],"rely":[2],"heavily":[3],"on":[4,166],"collecting":[5],"and":[6,13,23,71,78,170],"using":[7,149],"data.":[8],"systems":[10,70,135],"are":[11],"implemented":[12],"deployed":[14],"to":[15,50,98,113,163,195],"provide":[16],"intelligent":[17],"features":[18],"that":[19],"help":[20,164],"improve":[21,52,99],"efficiency":[22],"quality":[24],"of":[25,32,37,47,55,80,95,109,122,140,148,158,179,184],"life.":[26],"This":[27],"creates":[28],"a":[29,56],"huge":[30],"repository":[31],"data":[33,49,97,168],"representing":[34],"many":[35],"aspects":[36],"smart":[38,57,63,115,133,201],"city":[39,64,116,134,202],"operations.":[40],"Many":[41],"data-driven":[42,110,150,198],"applications":[43,160,180],"can":[44,181],"take":[45,93],"advantage":[46,94],"this":[48,96,103,123],"further":[51],"the":[53,60,75,81,107,120,128,137,146,155,167,175,185],"\u201csmartness\u201d":[54],"city.":[58],"At":[59],"same":[61],"time,":[62],"systems,":[65],"being":[66],"very":[67],"large-scale":[68],"distributed":[69],"highly":[72],"integrated":[73],"with":[74],"physical":[76],"infrastructure":[77],"residents":[79],"city,":[82],"pose":[83],"immense":[84],"security":[85,100,111,159,199],"challenges":[86,130],"as":[87],"well.":[88],"So":[89],"why":[90],"don't":[91],"we":[92,105,125,144,153,189],"measures?":[101],"In":[102,187],"paper":[104],"propose":[106],"use":[108],"approaches":[112],"secure":[114],"systems.":[117,142,203],"To":[118],"illustrate":[119],"significance":[121],"approach":[124],"first":[126],"identify":[127],"different":[129,156],"for":[131],"securing":[132],"given":[136],"unique":[138],"characteristics":[139],"these":[141,177],"Then":[143],"discuss":[145,174],"benefits":[147],"security.":[151],"Furthermore,":[152],"categorize":[154],"types":[157],"(features)":[161],"needed":[162],"capitalize":[165],"needs":[169],"benefits.":[171],"We":[172],"also":[173],"how":[176],"categories":[178],"alleviate":[182],"some":[183],"challenges.":[186],"addition,":[188],"highlight":[190],"possible":[191],"future":[192],"research":[193],"directions":[194],"incorporate":[196],"effective":[197],"in":[200]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
