{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3048744603","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3015251","title":"Autonomous Railway Traffic Object Detection Using Feature-Enhanced Single-Shot Detector","display_name":"Autonomous Railway Traffic Object Detection Using Feature-Enhanced Single-Shot Detector","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3048744603","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3015251","mag":"3048744603"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.3015251","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3015251","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09163088.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09163088.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100419650","display_name":"Tao Ye","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1814-530X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25757504","display_name":"China University of Mining and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01xt2dr21","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25757504"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tao Ye","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mechanical Electronic and Information Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1814-530X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechanical Electronic and Information Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25757504"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110963908","display_name":"Ye Tao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8202-0571"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25757504","display_name":"China University of Mining and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01xt2dr21","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25757504"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhihao Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mechanical Electronic and Information Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8202-0571","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechanical Electronic and Information Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25757504"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100430860","display_name":"Xi Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9180-1182"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25757504","display_name":"China University of Mining and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01xt2dr21","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25757504"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xi Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mechanical Electronic and Information Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechanical Electronic and Information Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25757504"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051655313","display_name":"Fuqiang Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9341-9342"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82880672","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fuqiang Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Instrumentation Science and Opto-electronics Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9341-9342","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Instrumentation Science and Opto-electronics Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":2.5451,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":49,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91371835,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":null,"first_page":"145182","last_page":"145193"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11606","display_name":"Infrastructure Maintenance and Monitoring","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11398","display_name":"Hand Gesture Recognition Systems","score":0.9664000272750854,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8212063312530518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object-detection","display_name":"Object detection","score":0.7381578683853149},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.7311735153198242},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.67197585105896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.6413255929946899},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/detector","display_name":"Detector","score":0.601502537727356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.5531913042068481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frame-rate","display_name":"Frame rate","score":0.5439976453781128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/block","display_name":"Block (permutation group theory)","score":0.5313622951507568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/single-shot","display_name":"Single shot","score":0.5260381698608398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.5201823711395264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pixel","display_name":"Pixel","score":0.4501018524169922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frame","display_name":"Frame (networking)","score":0.4366743564605713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.43080973625183105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.07111987471580505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.06823605298995972}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8212063312530518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776151529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3045304","display_name":"Object detection","level":3,"score":0.7381578683853149},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.7311735153198242},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.67197585105896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.6413255929946899},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94915269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1834857","display_name":"Detector","level":2,"score":0.601502537727356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.5531913042068481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3261483","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q119565","display_name":"Frame rate","level":2,"score":0.5439976453781128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777210771","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4927124","display_name":"Block (permutation group theory)","level":2,"score":0.5313622951507568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019835501","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1310130","display_name":"Single shot","level":2,"score":0.5260381698608398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.5201823711395264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160633673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355198","display_name":"Pixel","level":2,"score":0.4501018524169922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126042441","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1324888","display_name":"Frame (networking)","level":2,"score":0.4366743564605713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.43080973625183105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.07111987471580505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.06823605298995972},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.3015251","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3015251","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09163088.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:2b392e637c3f4768a1a298a3ccd1bdb6","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/2b392e637c3f4768a1a298a3ccd1bdb6","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 8, Pp 145182-145193 (2020)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.3015251","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3015251","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09163088.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","display_name":"Reduced inequalities","score":0.5400000214576721}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2065877168","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2020XJJD03","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323154","display_name":"China University of Mining and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01xt2dr21"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3048744603.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3048744603.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":35,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W287601400","https://openalex.org/W639708223","https://openalex.org/W1595064263","https://openalex.org/W1686810756","https://openalex.org/W1918468945","https://openalex.org/W1987086238","https://openalex.org/W1989937508","https://openalex.org/W1991203475","https://openalex.org/W2096033451","https://openalex.org/W2096336894","https://openalex.org/W2109255472","https://openalex.org/W2120784409","https://openalex.org/W2154173676","https://openalex.org/W2155893237","https://openalex.org/W2162819330","https://openalex.org/W2176950688","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2326558644","https://openalex.org/W2328938849","https://openalex.org/W2544328961","https://openalex.org/W2563267921","https://openalex.org/W2620908499","https://openalex.org/W2742332513","https://openalex.org/W2767696612","https://openalex.org/W2808267564","https://openalex.org/W2899526967","https://openalex.org/W2913677449","https://openalex.org/W2919115771","https://openalex.org/W2962917547","https://openalex.org/W3106250896","https://openalex.org/W4297775537","https://openalex.org/W6635607436","https://openalex.org/W6637373629","https://openalex.org/W6737664043","https://openalex.org/W6785652829"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3135697610","https://openalex.org/W2085033728","https://openalex.org/W4285411112","https://openalex.org/W2171299904","https://openalex.org/W1647606319","https://openalex.org/W2922442631","https://openalex.org/W4390494008","https://openalex.org/W2053596378","https://openalex.org/W2168523118","https://openalex.org/W4310880131"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"With":[0],"the":[1,18,45,104,110,131,152,192],"high":[2],"growth":[3],"rates":[4],"of":[5,17,47,86,93,106,151,162,168,182],"railway":[6,14,39,50,122,175,200],"transportation,":[7],"it":[8],"is":[9,134],"extremely":[10],"important":[11],"to":[12,20,136,149],"detect":[13],"obstacles":[15],"ahead":[16],"train":[19],"ensure":[21],"safety.":[22],"Manual":[23],"and":[24,88,113,164],"traditional":[25],"feature-extraction":[26],"methods":[27],"have":[28,60],"been":[29],"utilized":[30],"in":[31,44],"this":[32,69],"scenario.":[33],"There":[34],"are":[35,56,115],"also":[36,96],"deep":[37],"learning-based":[38],"object":[40,53,201],"detection":[41,54,84],"approaches.":[42],"However,":[43],"case":[46],"a":[48,73,82,89,98,121,158,165,174],"complex":[49],"scene,":[51],"these":[52,107],"approaches":[55],"either":[57],"inefficient":[58],"or":[59],"insufficient":[61],"accuracy,":[62],"particularly":[63,140],"for":[64,120,141,198],"small":[65],"objects.":[66],"To":[67],"address":[68],"issue,":[70],"we":[71],"propose":[72],"feature-enhanced":[74],"single-shot":[75],"detector":[76],"(FE-SSD).":[77],"The":[78,154,187],"proposed":[79,132,155,193],"method":[80,156,194],"inherits":[81],"prior":[83],"module":[85],"RON":[87],"feature":[90,111],"transfer":[91],"block":[92],"FB-Net.":[94],"It":[95],"employs":[97],"novel":[99],"receptive":[100],"field-enhancement":[101],"module.":[102],"Through":[103],"integration":[105],"three":[108],"modules,":[109],"discrimination":[112],"robustness":[114],"significantly":[116],"enhanced.":[117],"Experimental":[118],"results":[119,189],"traffic":[123,176],"dataset":[124,177],"built":[125],"by":[126],"our":[127],"team":[128],"indicated":[129],"that":[130,150,191],"approach":[133],"superior":[135],"other":[137],"SSD-derived":[138],"models,":[139],"small-object":[142],"detection,":[143],"while":[144],"achieving":[145],"real-time":[146],"performance":[147],"close":[148],"SSD.":[153],"achieved":[157],"mean":[159],"average":[160],"precision":[161],"0.895":[163],"frame":[166],"rate":[167],"38":[169],"frames":[170],"per":[171],"second":[172],"on":[173],"with":[178],"an":[179],"input":[180],"size":[181],"320":[183,185],"\u00d7":[184],"pixels.":[186],"experimental":[188],"indicate":[190],"can":[195],"be":[196],"used":[197],"real-world":[199],"detection.":[202]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}