{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3048904600","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3015206","title":"An Enhanced Firefly Algorithm Using Pattern Search for Solving Optimization Problems","display_name":"An Enhanced Firefly Algorithm Using Pattern Search for Solving Optimization Problems","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3048904600","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3015206","mag":"3048904600"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.3015206","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3015206","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09163099.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09163099.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055554784","display_name":"Fazli Wahid","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4091-6817"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801349156","display_name":"University of Haripur","ror":"https://ror.org/05vtb1235","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801349156"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fazli Wahid","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Technology, The University of Haripur, Haripur, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Technology, The University of Haripur, Haripur, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801349156"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046841670","display_name":"M. Sultan Zia","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142204992","display_name":"University of Lahore","ror":"https://ror.org/051jrjw38","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142204992"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. Sultan Zia","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology, The University of Lahore, Gujrat Campus, Lahore, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology, The University of Lahore, Gujrat Campus, Lahore, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142204992"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032208396","display_name":"Rao Naveed Bin Rais","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0855-9864"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I182000528","display_name":"Ajman University","ror":"https://ror.org/01j1rma10","country_code":"AE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I182000528"]}],"countries":["AE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rao Naveed Bin Rais","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering and Information Technology, Ajman University, Ajman, UAE"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0855-9864","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering and Information Technology, Ajman University, Ajman, UAE","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I182000528"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101950373","display_name":"Muhammad Aamir","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4999-7740"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I930072361","display_name":"Tun Hussein Onn University of Malaysia","ror":"https://ror.org/01c5wha71","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I930072361"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Aamir","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Johor, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4999-7740","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Johor, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I930072361"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061026288","display_name":"Umair Muneer Butt","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9197-3419"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139322472","display_name":"Universiti Sains Malaysia","ror":"https://ror.org/02rgb2k63","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139322472"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142204992","display_name":"University of Lahore","ror":"https://ror.org/051jrjw38","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142204992"]}],"countries":["MY","PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Umair Muneer Butt","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology, The University of Lahore, Gujrat Campus, Lahore, Pakistan","School of Computer Science, Universiti Sains Malaysia George Town, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9197-3419","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology, The University of Lahore, Gujrat Campus, Lahore, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142204992"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, Universiti Sains Malaysia George Town, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139322472"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033406444","display_name":"Mubashir Ali","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2467-4045"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I11039511","display_name":"University of Bergamo","ror":"https://ror.org/02mbd5571","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I11039511"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142204992","display_name":"University of Lahore","ror":"https://ror.org/051jrjw38","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142204992"]}],"countries":["IT","PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mubashir Ali","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology, The University of Lahore, Gujrat Campus, Lahore, Pakistan","School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, The University of Bergamo, Bergamo, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2467-4045","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology, The University of Lahore, Gujrat Campus, Lahore, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142204992"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, The University of Bergamo, Bergamo, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I11039511"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101408617","display_name":"Adeel Ahmed","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7733-3370"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12469534","display_name":"Quaid-i-Azam University","ror":"https://ror.org/04s9hft57","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12469534"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Adeel Ahmed","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7733-3370","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12469534"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100740642","display_name":"Imran Ali Khan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5967-5641"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16076960","display_name":"COMSATS University Islamabad","ror":"https://ror.org/00nqqvk19","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16076960"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Imran Ali Khan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Abbottabad Campus, COMSATS University Islamabad, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5967-5641","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Abbottabad Campus, COMSATS University Islamabad, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16076960"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102733411","display_name":"Osman Khalid","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4613-6352"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16076960","display_name":"COMSATS University Islamabad","ror":"https://ror.org/00nqqvk19","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16076960"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Osman Khalid","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Abbottabad Campus, COMSATS University Islamabad, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4613-6352","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Abbottabad Campus, COMSATS University Islamabad, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16076960"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":4,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":1.5645,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":16,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.86915738,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":null,"first_page":"148264","last_page":"148288"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10100","display_name":"Metaheuristic Optimization Algorithms Research","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10100","display_name":"Metaheuristic Optimization Algorithms Research","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11975","display_name":"Evolutionary Algorithms and Applications","score":0.9925000071525574,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10848","display_name":"Advanced Multi-Objective Optimization Algorithms","score":0.9832000136375427,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/firefly-algorithm","display_name":"Firefly algorithm","score":0.8620349168777466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ant-colony-optimization-algorithms","display_name":"Ant colony optimization algorithms","score":0.6273663640022278},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.60234534740448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metaheuristic","display_name":"Metaheuristic","score":0.5414533615112305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/maximization","display_name":"Maximization","score":0.5265614986419678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.5016264915466309},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4833902418613434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/differential-evolution","display_name":"Differential evolution","score":0.4769555330276489},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convergence","display_name":"Convergence (economics)","score":0.46622374653816223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meta-optimization","display_name":"Meta-optimization","score":0.4384418725967407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/genetic-algorithm","display_name":"Genetic algorithm","score":0.4146178364753723},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/premature-convergence","display_name":"Premature convergence","score":0.4104045629501343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.38470715284347534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/particle-swarm-optimization","display_name":"Particle swarm optimization","score":0.20431306958198547}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154982244","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5451844","display_name":"Firefly algorithm","level":3,"score":0.8620349168777466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40128228","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q460851","display_name":"Ant colony optimization algorithms","level":2,"score":0.6273663640022278},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.60234534740448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109718341","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1385229","display_name":"Metaheuristic","level":2,"score":0.5414533615112305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776330181","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18358244","display_name":"Maximization","level":2,"score":0.5265614986419678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.5016264915466309},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4833902418613434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74750220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2662197","display_name":"Differential evolution","level":2,"score":0.4769555330276489},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777303404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759757","display_name":"Convergence (economics)","level":2,"score":0.46622374653816223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4935549","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6822261","display_name":"Meta-optimization","level":3,"score":0.4384418725967407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8880873","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187787","display_name":"Genetic algorithm","level":2,"score":0.4146178364753723},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58758708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7240233","display_name":"Premature convergence","level":3,"score":0.4104045629501343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.38470715284347534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85617194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2072794","display_name":"Particle swarm optimization","level":2,"score":0.20431306958198547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.3015206","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3015206","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09163099.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:aisberg.unibg.it:10446/204976","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10446/204976","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196347","display_name":"Aisberg (University of Bergamo)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I11039511","host_organization_name":"University of Bergamo","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I11039511"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:c4884aac1c2946c6a6a6a15d7b7743e7","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/c4884aac1c2946c6a6a6a15d7b7743e7","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 8, Pp 148264-148288 (2020)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.3015206","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3015206","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09163099.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3048904600.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3048904600.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":78,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W206561801","https://openalex.org/W252596131","https://openalex.org/W1141949320","https://openalex.org/W1608299094","https://openalex.org/W1817667747","https://openalex.org/W1955291487","https://openalex.org/W1966573329","https://openalex.org/W1978057374","https://openalex.org/W1980532076","https://openalex.org/W1987392793","https://openalex.org/W1999445878","https://openalex.org/W2001979953","https://openalex.org/W2003890325","https://openalex.org/W2024518622","https://openalex.org/W2031061930","https://openalex.org/W2061438946","https://openalex.org/W2078551005","https://openalex.org/W2093209484","https://openalex.org/W2146879413","https://openalex.org/W2290883490","https://openalex.org/W2300355938","https://openalex.org/W2315535188","https://openalex.org/W2327766067","https://openalex.org/W2374236912","https://openalex.org/W2405479119","https://openalex.org/W2467694619","https://openalex.org/W2472174378","https://openalex.org/W2517600007","https://openalex.org/W2541451878","https://openalex.org/W2547937424","https://openalex.org/W2553852618","https://openalex.org/W2560526649","https://openalex.org/W2576324142","https://openalex.org/W2585632407","https://openalex.org/W2593487812","https://openalex.org/W2707074415","https://openalex.org/W2734387874","https://openalex.org/W2734693534","https://openalex.org/W2743429087","https://openalex.org/W2746353786","https://openalex.org/W2746399491","https://openalex.org/W2762813058","https://openalex.org/W2764088617","https://openalex.org/W2764656334","https://openalex.org/W2765090334","https://openalex.org/W2765888357","https://openalex.org/W2768894717","https://openalex.org/W2777482433","https://openalex.org/W2780481318","https://openalex.org/W2782916326","https://openalex.org/W2783137486","https://openalex.org/W2786145666","https://openalex.org/W2795541425","https://openalex.org/W2797272670","https://openalex.org/W2808113160","https://openalex.org/W2810232415","https://openalex.org/W2887346293","https://openalex.org/W2892369032","https://openalex.org/W2919979744","https://openalex.org/W2929866007","https://openalex.org/W2962182762","https://openalex.org/W2963433607","https://openalex.org/W2963565222","https://openalex.org/W2971025327","https://openalex.org/W2972336423","https://openalex.org/W2985845430","https://openalex.org/W2988715920","https://openalex.org/W3010493834","https://openalex.org/W3013910312","https://openalex.org/W3014974411","https://openalex.org/W3035439169","https://openalex.org/W4238961266","https://openalex.org/W4289127527","https://openalex.org/W6713869322","https://openalex.org/W6753966031","https://openalex.org/W6758953095","https://openalex.org/W6774498789","https://openalex.org/W6840121142"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2098995133","https://openalex.org/W2552485169","https://openalex.org/W2460988886","https://openalex.org/W2804979656","https://openalex.org/W3211555315","https://openalex.org/W2017510848","https://openalex.org/W2034337349","https://openalex.org/W2743078388","https://openalex.org/W2003039502","https://openalex.org/W4319074235"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Firefly":[0,191],"Algorithm":[1,192],"(FA)":[2],"is":[3,234],"one":[4],"of":[5,27,50,77,128,132,199,240],"the":[6,54,62,74,85,90,95,99,108,118,133,215,222,226,235,241],"most":[7,55,109],"recently":[8],"introduced":[9],"stochastic,":[10],"nature-inspired,":[11],"meta-heuristic":[12],"approaches":[13],"used":[14],"for":[15,94],"solving":[16],"optimization":[17,163,177,187],"problems.":[18],"The":[19,80,130,155,229],"conventional":[20,122],"FA":[21,51,86,123,224],"use":[22],"randomization":[23],"factor":[24],"during":[25,124],"generation":[26],"solution":[28,216,242],"search":[29,243],"space":[30,244],"and":[31,42,98,145,194,202,238],"fireflies":[32],"position":[33],"changing,":[34],"which":[35],"results":[36,156],"in":[37,48,197,214,221],"imbalanced":[38,45],"relationship":[39,46],"between":[40],"exploration":[41,237],"exploitation.":[43],"This":[44],"causes":[47],"incapability":[49],"to":[52,106],"find":[53],"optimum":[56],"values":[57,82,100,111,116,119],"at":[58,73,113,225,245],"termination":[59,75,227],"stage.":[60,228,247],"In":[61],"proposed":[63],"model,":[64],"this":[65,232,246],"issue":[66],"has":[67,138,211],"been":[68,139,159,212],"resolved":[69],"by":[70,104,121,149,218],"incorporating":[71],"PS":[72,96,105,220],"stage":[76],"standard":[78,169,223],"FA.":[79],"optimized":[81,103],"obtained":[83,120,157],"from":[84],"are":[87,101],"set":[88],"as":[89],"initial":[91],"starting":[92],"points":[93],"algorithm":[97,167,183,196],"further":[102],"get":[107],"optimal":[110],"or":[112],"least":[114],"better":[115,236],"than":[117],"its":[125],"maximum":[126],"number":[127],"iterations.":[129],"performance":[131,152,205],"newly":[134],"developed":[135],"FA-PS":[136],"model":[137],"tested":[140],"on":[141],"eight":[142],"minimization":[143],"functions":[144,148],"six":[146],"maximization":[147],"considering":[150],"various":[151,203],"evaluation":[153,206],"parameters.":[154,207],"have":[158],"compared":[160],"with":[161],"other":[162],"algorithms":[164],"namely":[165],"genetic":[166],"(GA),":[168],"FA,":[170],"artificial":[171],"bee":[172],"colony":[173,176],"(ABC),":[174],"ant":[175],"(ACO),":[178],"differential":[179],"equations":[180],"(DE),":[181],"bat":[182],"(BA),":[184],"grey":[185],"wolf":[186],"(GWO),":[188],"Self-Adaptive":[189],"Step":[190],"(SASFA),":[193],"FA-Cross":[195],"terms":[198],"convergence":[200],"rate":[201],"numerical":[204],"A":[208],"significant":[209],"improvement":[210,233],"observed":[213],"quality":[217],"embedding":[219],"result":[230],"behind":[231],"exploitation":[239]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":7}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}