{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3047400571","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3014163","title":"Decision Tree Models and Early Splitting Termination in Screen Content Extension of High Efficiency Video Coding","display_name":"Decision Tree Models and Early Splitting Termination in Screen Content Extension of High Efficiency Video Coding","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3047400571","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3014163","mag":"3047400571"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.3014163","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3014163","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09157876.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09157876.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066304167","display_name":"Emad Badry","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4755-9103"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114794399","display_name":"Suez Canal University","ror":"https://ror.org/02m82p074","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114794399"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135598925","display_name":"Kyushu University","ror":"https://ror.org/00p4k0j84","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135598925"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32619867","display_name":"Egypt-Japan University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02x66tk73","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32619867"]}],"countries":["EG","JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Emad Badry","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt","Department of Electronics and Communications Engineering, Egypt-Japan University of Science and Technology, Alexandria, Egypt","E-JUST Center, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4755-9103","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114794399"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics and Communications Engineering, Egypt-Japan University of Science and Technology, Alexandria, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32619867"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"E-JUST Center, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135598925"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058775745","display_name":"Koji Inoue","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2929-2559"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135598925","display_name":"Kyushu University","ror":"https://ror.org/00p4k0j84","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135598925"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Koji Inoue","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Advanced Information Technology, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan","E-JUST Center, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Advanced Information Technology, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135598925"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"E-JUST Center, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135598925"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036321926","display_name":"Mohammed S. Sayed","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5514-6790"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I192398990","display_name":"Zagazig University","ror":"https://ror.org/053g6we49","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I192398990"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32619867","display_name":"Egypt-Japan University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02x66tk73","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32619867"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohammed Sharaf Sayed","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics and Communications Engineering, Egypt-Japan University of Science and Technology, Alexandria, Egypt","Department of Electronics and Communications Engineering, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5514-6790","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics and Communications Engineering, Egypt-Japan University of Science and Technology, Alexandria, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32619867"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics and Communications Engineering, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I192398990"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":0.5939,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.6602236,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":null,"first_page":"143437","last_page":"143452"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10741","display_name":"Video Coding and Compression Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10741","display_name":"Video Coding and Compression Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10531","display_name":"Advanced Vision and Imaging","score":0.996999979019165,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11165","display_name":"Image and Video Quality Assessment","score":0.9957000017166138,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8191614151000977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encoder","display_name":"Encoder","score":0.651628315448761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coding","display_name":"Coding (social sciences)","score":0.6254530549049377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coding-tree-unit","display_name":"Coding tree unit","score":0.619891345500946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithmic-efficiency","display_name":"Algorithmic efficiency","score":0.5197110176086426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.44481557607650757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computational-complexity-theory","display_name":"Computational complexity theory","score":0.41959476470947266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speedup","display_name":"Speedup","score":0.41513755917549133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.39534640312194824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decoding-methods","display_name":"Decoding methods","score":0.3467540740966797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.33569636940956116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.16512009501457214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parallel-computing","display_name":"Parallel computing","score":0.15993976593017578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.08135241270065308}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8191614151000977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118505674","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42586063","display_name":"Encoder","level":2,"score":0.651628315448761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179518139","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5140297","display_name":"Coding (social sciences)","level":2,"score":0.6254530549049377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190750250","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13533439","display_name":"Coding tree unit","level":3,"score":0.619891345500946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116709606","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1296251","display_name":"Algorithmic efficiency","level":3,"score":0.5197110176086426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.44481557607650757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179799912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205084","display_name":"Computational complexity theory","level":2,"score":0.41959476470947266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68339613","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1549489","display_name":"Speedup","level":2,"score":0.41513755917549133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.39534640312194824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57273362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q576722","display_name":"Decoding methods","level":2,"score":0.3467540740966797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.33569636940956116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.16512009501457214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.15993976593017578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.08135241270065308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.3014163","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3014163","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09157876.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:bb1e41b275354edc9d7788d7b348f358","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/bb1e41b275354edc9d7788d7b348f358","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 8, Pp 143437-143452 (2020)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.3014163","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3014163","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09157876.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320316383","display_name":"Egypt-Japan University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02x66tk73"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322360","display_name":"Kyushu University","ror":"https://ror.org/00p4k0j84"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3047400571.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3047400571.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":34,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1528952590","https://openalex.org/W1545142063","https://openalex.org/W1584320222","https://openalex.org/W1965363738","https://openalex.org/W1977863349","https://openalex.org/W1985096164","https://openalex.org/W1985448290","https://openalex.org/W2039760575","https://openalex.org/W2072560264","https://openalex.org/W2092544701","https://openalex.org/W2109024809","https://openalex.org/W2140199336","https://openalex.org/W2146395539","https://openalex.org/W2165113388","https://openalex.org/W2220049568","https://openalex.org/W2249152912","https://openalex.org/W2288462794","https://openalex.org/W2407499082","https://openalex.org/W2509267076","https://openalex.org/W2555231364","https://openalex.org/W2556261813","https://openalex.org/W2557097975","https://openalex.org/W2560428775","https://openalex.org/W2753353858","https://openalex.org/W2756119208","https://openalex.org/W2768957286","https://openalex.org/W2786242817","https://openalex.org/W2790253440","https://openalex.org/W2883358139","https://openalex.org/W2889495570","https://openalex.org/W2906858860","https://openalex.org/W2922328627","https://openalex.org/W2926241464","https://openalex.org/W2962400083"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2095407248","https://openalex.org/W1997714924","https://openalex.org/W2129190845","https://openalex.org/W4389045637","https://openalex.org/W1994209155","https://openalex.org/W2076843925","https://openalex.org/W4384300015","https://openalex.org/W2054979592","https://openalex.org/W2978607158","https://openalex.org/W2235484757"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"Screen":[1],"Content":[2,43],"(SC)":[3],"extension":[4,61],"to":[5,16,91,127,149,171],"the":[6,18,47,58,74,78,93,101,104,129,135,138,151,158,173,182,186,190,195,218,225,228,232,236,259,265],"High":[7],"Efficiency":[8],"Video":[9],"Coding":[10,49,142],"(HEVC)":[11],"standard":[12],"has":[13,268],"been":[14,55,269],"developed":[15],"improve":[17,73],"encoding":[19,94,159,202,237],"of":[20,80,96,103,131,140,177,246,288],"SC":[21,23,48,60,97,105],"sequences.":[22],"scenes":[24],"are":[25,145],"rich":[26],"in":[27,212,227,258,279],"repeated":[28],"patterns,":[29],"non-noisy":[30],"regions,":[31],"sharp-edge":[32],"areas,":[33],"and":[34,68,120,147],"blocks":[35,126,179],"with":[36,189,207,254,271,284],"limited":[37],"colors,":[38],"which":[39,223],"differ":[40],"from":[41],"Natural":[42],"(NC)":[44],"videos.":[45],"For":[46,261],"(SCC)":[50],"process,":[51,160],"new":[52],"tools":[53,72],"have":[54],"incorporated":[56],"into":[57],"HEVC":[59,252],"such":[62],"as":[63],"Intra":[64],"Bock":[65],"Copy":[66],"(IBC)":[67],"Palette":[69],"(PLT);":[70],"these":[71],"compression":[75],"accuracy":[76],"at":[77],"expense":[79],"high":[81],"computational":[82],"complexity.":[83],"In":[84,134,230],"this":[85],"paper,":[86],"we":[87],"present":[88],"a":[89,161,200,209,244,276,285],"framework":[90,108,197,234],"reduce":[92,128],"time":[95,203,238,280],"encoders":[98],"by":[99,180,239],"exploiting":[100],"characteristics":[102],"blocks.":[106,187],"The":[107,112],"contains":[109],"two":[110],"techniques.":[111],"first":[113],"is":[114,169,282],"called":[115,164],"Decision":[116],"Tree":[117],"Models":[118],"(DTM),":[119],"it":[121],"includes":[122],"decision":[123],"tree-based":[124],"classification":[125,152],"number":[130,245],"executed":[132],"modes.":[133],"DTM":[136],"technique,":[137],"features":[139],"each":[141],"Unit":[143],"(CU)":[144],"extracted":[146],"trained":[148],"build":[150],"trees.":[153],"To":[154],"further":[155,262],"speed":[156],"up":[157],"second":[162],"technique":[163],"Early":[165],"Splitting":[166],"Termination":[167],"(EST)":[168],"suggested":[170],"stop":[172],"normal":[174],"splitting":[175],"process":[176],"homogeneous":[178],"measuring":[181],"luminance":[183],"contrast":[184],"inside":[185],"Compared":[188],"HM-16.7+SCM-6":[191],"reference":[192],"test":[193],"model,":[194],"proposed":[196,233,266],"can":[198],"provide":[199],"35.96%":[201],"reduction":[204,278],"on":[205,241],"average":[206,242],"only":[208,255,289],"0.89%":[210],"increase":[211,287],"Bjontegaard":[213],"Delta":[214],"bit-rate":[215],"(BD-Rate)":[216],"under":[217],"All-Intra":[219],"(AI)":[220],"configuration":[221],"profile,":[222],"outperforms":[224],"approaches":[226],"literature.":[229],"addition,":[231],"reduces":[235],"54.3%":[240],"for":[243,250],"NC":[247],"sequences":[248],"recommended":[249],"conventional":[251],"test,":[253],"0.74%":[256],"increment":[257],"BD-Rate.":[260],"speeding":[263],"up,":[264],"scheme":[267],"integrated":[270],"an":[272],"existing":[273],"approach.":[274],"Consequently,":[275],"45.84%":[277],"complexity":[281],"obtained":[283],"BD-Rate":[286],"1.3%.":[290]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}