{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3046949133","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3014038","title":"MFSPV: A Multi-Factor Secured and Lightweight Privacy-Preserving Authentication Scheme for VANETs","display_name":"MFSPV: A Multi-Factor Secured and Lightweight Privacy-Preserving Authentication Scheme for VANETs","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3046949133","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3014038","mag":"3046949133"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.3014038","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3014038","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09154685.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09154685.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083204761","display_name":"Saad Ali Alfadhli","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9364-3678"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3040621137","display_name":"Alsalam University College","ror":"https://ror.org/0047hkh43","country_code":"IQ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3040621137"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47720641","display_name":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00p991c53","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}],"countries":["CN","IQ"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Saad Ali Alfadhli","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Techniques Engineering, Imam Al-Kadhum College (IKC), Baghdad, Iraq","School of Computer Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9364-3678","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Techniques Engineering, Imam Al-Kadhum College (IKC), Baghdad, Iraq","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3040621137"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048196007","display_name":"Songfeng Lu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4489-2488"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2803038395","display_name":"Nanjing Library","ror":"https://ror.org/01r45ka37","country_code":"CN","type":"archive","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2803038395"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47720641","display_name":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00p991c53","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Songfeng Lu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hubei Engineering Research Center on Big Data Security, School of Cyber Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China","Nanjing Souwen Information Technology Company Ltd., Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4489-2488","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hubei Engineering Research Center on Big Data Security, School of Cyber Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nanjing Souwen Information Technology Company Ltd., Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2803038395"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101980272","display_name":"Kai Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6030-0481"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47720641","display_name":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00p991c53","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kai Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hubei Engineering Research Center on Big Data Security, School of Cyber Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6030-0481","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hubei Engineering Research Center on Big Data Security, School of Cyber Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053129710","display_name":"Meriem Sebai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2808-9943"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47720641","display_name":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00p991c53","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Meriem Sebai","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2808-9943","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5083204761"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3040621137","https://openalex.org/I47720641"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":5.3049,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":80,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96407368,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":null,"first_page":"142858","last_page":"142874"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10761","display_name":"Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs)","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10761","display_name":"Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs)","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11800","display_name":"User Authentication and Security Systems","score":0.9950000047683716,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11504","display_name":"Advanced Authentication Protocols Security","score":0.9922999739646912,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8308612704277039},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/authentication","display_name":"Authentication (law)","score":0.6382763981819153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.5243730545043945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.5070939064025879},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.5009739398956299},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-key-cryptography","display_name":"Public-key cryptography","score":0.4804753363132477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/security-analysis","display_name":"Security analysis","score":0.4183339476585388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key-management","display_name":"Key management","score":0.4157818853855133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encryption","display_name":"Encryption","score":0.3850182890892029}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8308612704277039},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148417208","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4825882","display_name":"Authentication (law)","level":2,"score":0.6382763981819153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.5243730545043945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.5070939064025879},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.5009739398956299},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203062551","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q201339","display_name":"Public-key cryptography","level":3,"score":0.4804753363132477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38369872","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7445009","display_name":"Security analysis","level":2,"score":0.4183339476585388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17886624","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1320561","display_name":"Key management","level":3,"score":0.4157818853855133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148730421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141090","display_name":"Encryption","level":2,"score":0.3850182890892029}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.3014038","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3014038","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09154685.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:89d896f61778494da6090d4a43dd3ec4","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/89d896f61778494da6090d4a43dd3ec4","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 8, Pp 142858-142874 (2020)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.3014038","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3014038","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09154685.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3046949133.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3046949133.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":67,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W158873283","https://openalex.org/W1569083856","https://openalex.org/W1667889362","https://openalex.org/W1965058431","https://openalex.org/W1966594777","https://openalex.org/W1971320317","https://openalex.org/W1985719683","https://openalex.org/W1995783277","https://openalex.org/W2009765199","https://openalex.org/W2016358833","https://openalex.org/W2021516337","https://openalex.org/W2023835067","https://openalex.org/W2046153763","https://openalex.org/W2048453625","https://openalex.org/W2053832511","https://openalex.org/W2055630583","https://openalex.org/W2058242263","https://openalex.org/W2080723908","https://openalex.org/W2088455835","https://openalex.org/W2091804958","https://openalex.org/W2097144372","https://openalex.org/W2098657835","https://openalex.org/W2103056119","https://openalex.org/W2110871041","https://openalex.org/W2116374153","https://openalex.org/W2121247918","https://openalex.org/W2122991569","https://openalex.org/W2126279347","https://openalex.org/W2128628587","https://openalex.org/W2137469879","https://openalex.org/W2156080418","https://openalex.org/W2160480139","https://openalex.org/W2171456613","https://openalex.org/W2316899877","https://openalex.org/W2320588269","https://openalex.org/W2344686823","https://openalex.org/W2402799701","https://openalex.org/W2519439553","https://openalex.org/W2531820273","https://openalex.org/W2546074126","https://openalex.org/W2558465299","https://openalex.org/W2567592945","https://openalex.org/W2570008916","https://openalex.org/W2570315379","https://openalex.org/W2599770192","https://openalex.org/W2613748018","https://openalex.org/W2660887482","https://openalex.org/W2735601075","https://openalex.org/W2765559104","https://openalex.org/W2801237935","https://openalex.org/W2808182497","https://openalex.org/W2808664776","https://openalex.org/W2895350724","https://openalex.org/W2921960465","https://openalex.org/W2945866402","https://openalex.org/W2947066641","https://openalex.org/W2948068493","https://openalex.org/W2954885714","https://openalex.org/W2969927404","https://openalex.org/W2990829610","https://openalex.org/W2997804494","https://openalex.org/W3017170021","https://openalex.org/W4247624210","https://openalex.org/W4288102672","https://openalex.org/W6606467525","https://openalex.org/W6634010886","https://openalex.org/W6676995458"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2100090372","https://openalex.org/W2371673014","https://openalex.org/W2374721104","https://openalex.org/W2152230974","https://openalex.org/W2024120540","https://openalex.org/W1989665426","https://openalex.org/W2018509059","https://openalex.org/W2349370407","https://openalex.org/W2046921753","https://openalex.org/W2517088709"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Vehicles":[0],"authentication,":[1],"the":[2,21,31,45,72,92,133,137,142,146,169],"integrity":[3],"of":[4,20,38,74,94,118,145,157],"messages":[5],"exchanged,":[6],"and":[7,33,48,91,108,123,153,173,178,181],"privacy-preserving":[8,109],"are":[9,41],"essential":[10],"features":[11,182],"in":[12,53,71],"vehicular":[13],"ad":[14],"hoc":[15],"network":[16],"(VANETs)":[17],"security.":[18],"Most":[19],"previously":[22],"proposed":[23],"VANETs":[24,170],"security":[25,32,89,110,171],"solutions":[26,40],"do":[27],"not":[28,60],"sufficiently":[29],"satisfy":[30,98],"efficiency":[34],"requirements.":[35],"Besides,":[36],"most":[37],"those":[39,88],"heavily":[42],"dependent":[43],"on":[44,136],"system":[46,138],"key":[47,139],"long-term":[49],"sensitive":[50],"data":[51],"stored":[52],"an":[54,75],"ideal":[55,64],"tamper-proof":[56],"device,":[57],"which":[58],"may":[59],"be":[61],"practical":[62],"or":[63,78],"for":[65,112],"resource-constrained":[66,95],"onboard":[67],"units":[68],"(OBUs),":[69],"especially":[70],"case":[73],"unexpected":[76],"cloning":[77],"physical":[79],"attack.":[80],"Therefore,":[81],"a":[82,104,116],"robust":[83,155],"authentication":[84,107,128],"solution":[85,111],"should":[86],"consider":[87],"issues":[90],"nature":[93],"nodes.":[96],"To":[97],"all":[99],"these":[100],"requirements,":[101,172],"we":[102],"propose":[103],"lightweight":[105],"multi-factor":[106],"VANETs.":[113],"It":[114],"employs":[115],"combination":[117],"physically":[119],"unclonable":[120],"functions":[121],"(PUF)":[122],"one-time":[124],"dynamic":[125],"pseudo-identities":[126],"as":[127],"factors.":[129],"Furthermore,":[130],"it":[131],"eliminates":[132],"heavy":[134],"dependency":[135],"by":[140],"decentralising":[141],"wide":[143],"precinct":[144],"certificate":[147],"authority":[148],"(CA)":[149],"into":[150],"regional":[151],"domains":[152,158],"achieves":[154],"control":[156],"keys.":[159],"A":[160],"detailed":[161],"analysis":[162],"demonstrates":[163],"that":[164],"our":[165],"scheme":[166],"efficiently":[167],"meets":[168],"offers":[174],"more":[175],"suitable":[176],"communication":[177],"computation":[179],"costs":[180],"than":[183],"existing":[184],"schemes.":[185]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
