{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3047241615","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3013901","title":"Evaluating Angularity of Coarse Aggregates Using the Virtual Cutting Method Based on 3D Point Cloud Images","display_name":"Evaluating Angularity of Coarse Aggregates Using the Virtual Cutting Method Based on 3D Point Cloud Images","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3047241615","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3013901","mag":"3047241615"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.3013901","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3013901","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09154676.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09154676.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070359533","display_name":"Hanye Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8171-6152"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25355098","display_name":"Chang'an University","ror":"https://ror.org/05mxya461","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25355098"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210161995","display_name":"Yulin University","ror":"https://ror.org/05rp1t554","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210161995"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Hanye Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Engineering, Chang\u2019an University, Xi\u2019an, China","School of Information Engineering, Yulin University, Yulin, China","School of Information Engineering, Chang'an University, Xi'an, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Engineering, Chang\u2019an University, Xi\u2019an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25355098"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Engineering, Yulin University, Yulin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210161995"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Engineering, Chang'an University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25355098"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101764939","display_name":"Zhaoyun Sun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8753-6198"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25355098","display_name":"Chang'an University","ror":"https://ror.org/05mxya461","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25355098"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhaoyun Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Engineering, Chang\u2019an University, Xi\u2019an, China","School of Information Engineering, Chang'an University, Xi'an, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Engineering, Chang\u2019an University, Xi\u2019an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25355098"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Engineering, Chang'an University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25355098"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100716777","display_name":"Wei Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4508-3076"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25355098","display_name":"Chang'an University","ror":"https://ror.org/05mxya461","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25355098"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wei Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Engineering, Chang\u2019an University, Xi\u2019an, China","School of Information Engineering, Chang'an University, Xi'an, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Engineering, Chang\u2019an University, Xi\u2019an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25355098"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Engineering, Chang'an University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25355098"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028952393","display_name":"Ju Huyan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I151746483","display_name":"University of Waterloo","ror":"https://ror.org/01aff2v68","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ju Huyan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045785170","display_name":"Meng Guo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3316-1815"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37796252","display_name":"Beijing University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/037b1pp87","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37796252"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Meng Guo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Urban Security and Disaster Engineering of Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Urban Security and Disaster Engineering of Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37796252"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101461045","display_name":"Xueli Hao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9131-7238"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25355098","display_name":"Chang'an University","ror":"https://ror.org/05mxya461","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25355098"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xueli Hao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Engineering, Chang\u2019an University, Xi\u2019an, China","School of Information Engineering, Chang'an University, Xi'an, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Engineering, Chang\u2019an University, Xi\u2019an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25355098"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Engineering, Chang'an University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25355098"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5070359533"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25355098","https://openalex.org/I4210161995"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":3.5932,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":15,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92800265,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":null,"first_page":"143241","last_page":"143255"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11211","display_name":"3D Surveying and Cultural Heritage","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1907","display_name":"Geology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11211","display_name":"3D Surveying and Cultural Heritage","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1907","display_name":"Geology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10638","display_name":"Optical measurement and interference techniques","score":0.9947999715805054,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11301","display_name":"Advanced Surface Polishing Techniques","score":0.9925000071525574,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6976962089538574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cloud-computing","display_name":"Cloud computing","score":0.6536450386047363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/point-cloud","display_name":"Point cloud","score":0.6506810188293457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/point","display_name":"Point (geometry)","score":0.5139572024345398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.40597254037857056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.35087698698043823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.1145620346069336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geometry","display_name":"Geometry","score":0.08529293537139893}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6976962089538574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.6536450386047363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131979681","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1899648","display_name":"Point cloud","level":2,"score":0.6506810188293457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28719098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44946","display_name":"Point (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.5139572024345398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.40597254037857056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.35087698698043823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.1145620346069336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.08529293537139893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.3013901","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3013901","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09154676.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:b98f4abb0d164e178e4b25c9bf6e12cb","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/b98f4abb0d164e178e4b25c9bf6e12cb","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 8, Pp 143241-143255 (2020)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.3013901","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3013901","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09154676.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1121271761","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Program","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1231421488","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"under","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2087396116","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"China","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2376276132","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"China","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3317480652","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Science","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3406272191","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"51868076","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G391238517","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":", and","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4790912954","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"310824171005","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5994120800","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Natural","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7728143198","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"51908059","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8951484681","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Grant","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336567","display_name":"Natural Science Basic Research Program of Shaanxi Province","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3047241615.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3047241615.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":51,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W127747737","https://openalex.org/W565878159","https://openalex.org/W1948928888","https://openalex.org/W1970493565","https://openalex.org/W1972457013","https://openalex.org/W1973773122","https://openalex.org/W1974973099","https://openalex.org/W1983725814","https://openalex.org/W2002742130","https://openalex.org/W2022497172","https://openalex.org/W2024733322","https://openalex.org/W2026371427","https://openalex.org/W2034673640","https://openalex.org/W2035481688","https://openalex.org/W2040638893","https://openalex.org/W2046483426","https://openalex.org/W2053629033","https://openalex.org/W2054198077","https://openalex.org/W2077897544","https://openalex.org/W2110596280","https://openalex.org/W2115777180","https://openalex.org/W2125186487","https://openalex.org/W2134147094","https://openalex.org/W2137072795","https://openalex.org/W2141320517","https://openalex.org/W2145595389","https://openalex.org/W2469994316","https://openalex.org/W2492069331","https://openalex.org/W2554017696","https://openalex.org/W2597487493","https://openalex.org/W2748407094","https://openalex.org/W2760785542","https://openalex.org/W2784296183","https://openalex.org/W2791731233","https://openalex.org/W2824998718","https://openalex.org/W2896257829","https://openalex.org/W2900019775","https://openalex.org/W2903955095","https://openalex.org/W2907535837","https://openalex.org/W2913998010","https://openalex.org/W2917081331","https://openalex.org/W2920917411","https://openalex.org/W2923937960","https://openalex.org/W2928659620","https://openalex.org/W2942514968","https://openalex.org/W2943177046","https://openalex.org/W2955255327","https://openalex.org/W4238592668","https://openalex.org/W6605198817","https://openalex.org/W6641067974","https://openalex.org/W6729971412"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2772917594","https://openalex.org/W2036807459","https://openalex.org/W2058170566","https://openalex.org/W2755342338","https://openalex.org/W2166024367","https://openalex.org/W3116076068","https://openalex.org/W2229312674","https://openalex.org/W2951359407","https://openalex.org/W2079911747","https://openalex.org/W1969923398"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1,184],"paper,":[2],"a":[3,70,200],"new":[4],"method":[5],"called":[6],"the":[7,15,28,32,60,89,92,95,102,112,129,136,142,145,149,167,171,188,197],"Virtual":[8,150,189],"Cutting":[9,151,190],"Method":[10,152,191],"is":[11],"proposed":[12],"to":[13,110,195],"evaluate":[14],"angularity":[16,33,90,198],"index":[17],"(AI)":[18],"values":[19],"of":[20,30,34,44,72,91,125,141,148,157,170,183,199],"3D":[21,40,55,62,160,212],"point":[22,41,213],"cloud":[23,42,214],"coarse":[24,45],"aggregate":[25,56,63,176,202],"images":[26,43],"with":[27,75,155],"aim":[29],"characterizing":[31],"aggregates":[35,46,204],"on":[36,59,207,211],"conveyor":[37,208],"belts.":[38],"The":[39,83,181],"were":[47,67,153],"first":[48],"captured,":[49],"preprocessed,":[50],"and":[51,139,159],"segmented":[52],"into":[53],"single":[54,201],"objects.":[57],"Based":[58],"processed":[61],"images,":[64],"intersection":[65,73],"contours":[66,93],"extracted":[68],"using":[69,94],"series":[71],"planes":[74],"an":[76,123],"equivalent":[77],"angle":[78,114,124],"between":[79,115],"two":[80,116],"adjacent":[81,117],"planes.":[82,118],"AI":[84,146,168],"was":[85,99,107,120,128,164],"evaluated":[86],"by":[87],"averaging":[88],"gradient":[96],"method,":[97],"which":[98],"used":[100],"in":[101,205],"AIMS2":[103],"system.":[104],"Statistical":[105],"analysis":[106],"then":[108],"performed":[109],"select":[111],"optimum":[113],"It":[119,163],"found":[121,165],"that":[122,166,187],"five":[126],"degrees":[127],"ideal":[130],"angle,":[131],"as":[132],"it":[133],"can":[134,192],"balance":[135],"execution":[137],"time":[138],"effectiveness":[140],"method.":[143],"Finally,":[144],"results":[147],"compared":[154],"those":[156],"2D":[158],"Projection":[161],"Methods.":[162],"rankings":[169],"three":[172],"methods":[173],"for":[174],"different":[175],"textures":[177],"are":[178],"generally":[179],"consistent.":[180],"findings":[182],"study":[185],"conclude":[186],"be":[193],"employed":[194],"quantify":[196],"or":[203],"piles":[206],"belts":[209],"based":[210],"images.":[215]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-18T14:38:29.013473","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}