{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3047072514","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3013644","title":"A Game Theory Based Clustering Protocol to Support Multicast Routing in Cognitive Radio Mobile Ad Hoc Networks","display_name":"A Game Theory Based Clustering Protocol to Support Multicast Routing in Cognitive Radio Mobile Ad Hoc Networks","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3047072514","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3013644","mag":"3047072514"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.3013644","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3013644","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09154377.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09154377.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041294062","display_name":"Thong\u2010Nhat Tran","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6474-9681"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I94588446","display_name":"Hongik University","ror":"https://ror.org/00egdv862","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I94588446"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thong Nhat Tran","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics and Computer Engineering, Graduate School, Hongik University, Sejong, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6474-9681","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics and Computer Engineering, Graduate School, Hongik University, Sejong, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I94588446"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021007706","display_name":"Toan-Van Nguyen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1968-8170"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I94588446","display_name":"Hongik University","ror":"https://ror.org/00egdv862","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I94588446"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Toan-Van Nguyen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics and Computer Engineering, Graduate School, Hongik University, Sejong, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1968-8170","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics and Computer Engineering, Graduate School, Hongik University, Sejong, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I94588446"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034309196","display_name":"Kyusung Shim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4851-0811"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I94588446","display_name":"Hongik University","ror":"https://ror.org/00egdv862","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I94588446"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kyusung Shim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics and Computer Engineering, Graduate School, Hongik University, Sejong, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4851-0811","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics and Computer Engineering, Graduate School, Hongik University, Sejong, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I94588446"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037079266","display_name":"Beongku An","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0587-3754"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I94588446","display_name":"Hongik University","ror":"https://ror.org/00egdv862","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I94588446"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Beongku An","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Software and Communications Engineering, Hongik University, Sejong, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0587-3754","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Software and Communications Engineering, Hongik University, Sejong, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I94588446"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I94588446"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":2.3183,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":21,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89142224,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":null,"first_page":"141310","last_page":"141330"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10579","display_name":"Cognitive Radio Networks and Spectrum Sensing","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10579","display_name":"Cognitive Radio Networks and Spectrum Sensing","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10796","display_name":"Cooperative Communication and Network Coding","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7526936531066895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cluster-analysis","display_name":"Cluster analysis","score":0.6156501173973083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multicast","display_name":"Multicast","score":0.5862991809844971},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/potential-game","display_name":"Potential game","score":0.5539292693138123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nash-equilibrium","display_name":"Nash equilibrium","score":0.5146008729934692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-ad-hoc-network","display_name":"Wireless ad hoc network","score":0.5071587562561035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/game-theory","display_name":"Game theory","score":0.4798978567123413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/node","display_name":"Node (physics)","score":0.44922226667404175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.44662222266197205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-radio","display_name":"Cognitive radio","score":0.443955659866333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scalability","display_name":"Scalability","score":0.43578124046325684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/minimum-spanning-tree","display_name":"Minimum spanning tree","score":0.42250511050224304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mobile-ad-hoc-network","display_name":"Mobile ad hoc network","score":0.4136379063129425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.33728283643722534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.30511024594306946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.2601401209831238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.19872742891311646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.1888173222541809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.10540035367012024}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7526936531066895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73555534","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622825","display_name":"Cluster analysis","level":2,"score":0.6156501173973083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32295351","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899288","display_name":"Multicast","level":2,"score":0.5862991809844971},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778079155","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q288500","display_name":"Potential game","level":3,"score":0.5539292693138123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46814582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23389","display_name":"Nash equilibrium","level":2,"score":0.5146008729934692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94523657","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4085781","display_name":"Wireless ad hoc network","level":3,"score":0.5071587562561035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177142836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44455","display_name":"Game theory","level":2,"score":0.4798978567123413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62611344","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062658","display_name":"Node (physics)","level":2,"score":0.44922226667404175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.44662222266197205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149946192","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3235733","display_name":"Cognitive radio","level":3,"score":0.443955659866333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.43578124046325684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13743678","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q240464","display_name":"Minimum spanning tree","level":2,"score":0.42250511050224304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91280400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4085781","display_name":"Mobile ad hoc network","level":3,"score":0.4136379063129425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.33728283643722534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.30511024594306946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.2601401209831238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.19872742891311646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.1888173222541809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.10540035367012024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158379750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214111","display_name":"Network packet","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144237770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q747534","display_name":"Mathematical economics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.3013644","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3013644","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09154377.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:47b2aac7bd454c5496b9141aae54592c","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/47b2aac7bd454c5496b9141aae54592c","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 8, Pp 141310-141330 (2020)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.3013644","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3013644","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09154377.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3240498217","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2019R1A2C1083996","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","funder_display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7673954683","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NRF-2019R1A2C1083996","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","funder_display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320671","display_name":"National Research Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/05s0g1g46"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","ror":"https://ror.org/013aysd81"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320328359","display_name":"Ministry of Science and ICT, South Korea","ror":"https://ror.org/01wpjm123"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3047072514.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3047072514.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":49,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W77769772","https://openalex.org/W201329864","https://openalex.org/W1548466886","https://openalex.org/W1567009542","https://openalex.org/W1612227509","https://openalex.org/W1623265984","https://openalex.org/W1976900026","https://openalex.org/W1994758973","https://openalex.org/W2006427429","https://openalex.org/W2006614016","https://openalex.org/W2037508129","https://openalex.org/W2038166203","https://openalex.org/W2052510414","https://openalex.org/W2062834991","https://openalex.org/W2067050450","https://openalex.org/W2069643240","https://openalex.org/W2077424040","https://openalex.org/W2090116979","https://openalex.org/W2101400895","https://openalex.org/W2121842925","https://openalex.org/W2131018050","https://openalex.org/W2131787605","https://openalex.org/W2136379086","https://openalex.org/W2137517042","https://openalex.org/W2144369278","https://openalex.org/W2144846366","https://openalex.org/W2145872061","https://openalex.org/W2150492389","https://openalex.org/W2168078104","https://openalex.org/W2170524206","https://openalex.org/W2173441074","https://openalex.org/W2180968341","https://openalex.org/W2287847606","https://openalex.org/W2331890423","https://openalex.org/W2519475604","https://openalex.org/W2554484716","https://openalex.org/W2597339372","https://openalex.org/W2604199381","https://openalex.org/W2768128820","https://openalex.org/W2771010023","https://openalex.org/W2800832925","https://openalex.org/W2891945573","https://openalex.org/W2904258566","https://openalex.org/W2914707387","https://openalex.org/W2942105643","https://openalex.org/W2954607993","https://openalex.org/W2986338189","https://openalex.org/W3022321359","https://openalex.org/W6636650840"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2528338391","https://openalex.org/W2126431628","https://openalex.org/W2567986414","https://openalex.org/W3119014777","https://openalex.org/W2953849958","https://openalex.org/W2185830305","https://openalex.org/W3123744589","https://openalex.org/W3212428133","https://openalex.org/W2059458147","https://openalex.org/W2175258184"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,50],"frequent":[1],"movement":[2],"of":[3,53,77,89,98,130,142,193,218,255,281],"nodes":[4,175,195],"in":[5,15,81,149,236,267,279],"cognitive":[6],"radio":[7],"mobile":[8],"ad":[9],"hoc":[10],"networks":[11],"(CRAHNs)":[12],"causes":[13],"challenges":[14],"scalability,":[16],"stability,":[17],"channel":[18,21,249],"sensing":[19],"and":[20,100,178,188,222,284],"access":[22],"problems":[23,41,45],"that":[24,107,116,138],"can":[25],"be":[26],"solved":[27],"by":[28,42],"using":[29],"clustering":[30,44,212],"technique.":[31],"Game":[32],"theory":[33,210],"is":[34,92,111,126,216],"a":[35,62,78,86,96,147,191],"feasible":[36],"approach":[37],"to":[38,72,146,202,228,270],"solve":[39],"such":[40],"casting":[43],"as":[46,57],"distributed":[47],"optimization":[48],"problems.":[49],"main":[51],"contributions":[52],"this":[54,84],"article":[55],"are":[56],"follows.":[58],"Firstly,":[59],"we":[60,105,135,158,206,262],"propose":[61,159,207],"minimum":[63],"connected":[64],"weighted":[65],"inner":[66],"edge":[67],"spanning":[68],"tree":[69],"(MWIEST)":[70],"game":[71,110,115,144,209],"find":[73],"an":[74,112,127],"approximate":[75,128],"solution":[76,129],"MWIEST":[79,109,132,156],"problem":[80],"CRAHNs.":[82,237],"In":[83],"game,":[85,157],"link-weight":[87],"function":[88],"each":[90,239],"link":[91],"designed":[93],"based":[94,153,211],"on":[95,154],"combination":[97,217],"link-stability":[99],"link-connectivity":[101],"ratio":[102],"functions.":[103],"Secondly,":[104],"prove":[106,137],"the":[108,131,143,155,163,168,173,179,184,199,208,219,223,246,252,259,264,276],"exact":[113],"potential":[114],"exists":[117],"at":[118],"least":[119],"one":[120],"Nash":[121],"equilibrium":[122],"(NE)":[123],"point":[124],"which":[125,197,215,250],"problem.":[133],"Besides,":[134],"also":[136],"best":[139,169],"responses":[140],"(BRs)":[141],"converge":[145],"NE":[148],"finite":[150],"iterations.":[151],"Thirdly,":[152],"four":[160],"algorithms":[161,185],"including":[162],"node":[164],"information":[165],"exchange":[166],"(NIE),":[167],"response":[170],"selection":[171,176],"(BRS),":[172],"intermediate":[174,194],"(INS)":[177],"forming":[180],"cluster":[181,225,241],"(FC).":[182],"Specifically,":[183],"NIE,":[186],"BRS":[187],"INS":[189],"provide":[190],"set":[192],"(SetIN)":[196],"supports":[198],"FC":[200,220],"algorithm":[201,221,227],"form":[203],"clusters.":[204],"Finally,":[205],"(GBC)":[213],"protocol":[214,266],"proposed":[224],"maintenance":[226],"construct":[229],"high":[230],"stable":[231],"clusters":[232],"supporting":[233],"multicast":[234],"routing":[235],"Moreover,":[238],"obtained":[240],"includes":[242],"most":[243],"members":[244],"having":[245],"same":[247],"receiving":[248],"avoids":[251],"affected":[253],"regions":[254],"licensed":[256],"channels.":[257],"For":[258],"performance":[260,273],"evaluation,":[261],"implement":[263],"GBC":[265],"OMNET++":[268],"platform":[269],"demonstrate":[271],"its":[272],"improvement":[274],"over":[275],"state-of-the-art":[277],"protocols":[278],"terms":[280],"network":[282],"stability":[283],"control":[285],"overheads.":[286]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":10}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}