{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3045520755","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3012900","title":"BioCNN: A Hardware Inference Engine for EEG-Based Emotion Detection","display_name":"BioCNN: A Hardware Inference Engine for EEG-Based Emotion Detection","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3045520755","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3012900","mag":"3045520755"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.3012900","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3012900","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09151874.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"public-domain","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/public-domain","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09151874.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075439437","display_name":"Hector A. Gonzalez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7312-1389"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78650965","display_name":"TU Dresden","ror":"https://ror.org/042aqky30","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78650965"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Hector A. Gonzalez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chair of Highly Parallel VLSI-Systems and Neuro-Microelectronics, Technische Universit\u00e4t Dresden, Dresden, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chair of Highly Parallel VLSI-Systems and Neuro-Microelectronics, Technische Universit\u00e4t Dresden, Dresden, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78650965"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032420295","display_name":"Shahzad Muzaffar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9237-1148"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I176601375","display_name":"Khalifa University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05hffr360","country_code":"AE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I176601375"]}],"countries":["AE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shahzad Muzaffar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I176601375"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008050114","display_name":"Jerald Yoo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3150-1727"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165932596","display_name":"National University of Singapore","ror":"https://ror.org/01tgyzw49","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jerald Yoo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore","The N.1 Institute for Health, Singapore"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The N.1 Institute for Health, Singapore","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048725993","display_name":"Ibrahim M. Elfadel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3220-9987"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I176601375","display_name":"Khalifa University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05hffr360","country_code":"AE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I176601375"]}],"countries":["AE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ibrahim M. Elfadel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Cyber Physical Systems, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates","Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Cyber Physical Systems, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I176601375"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I176601375"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5075439437"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78650965"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":3.3465,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":44,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93131181,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":null,"first_page":"140896","last_page":"140914"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10429","display_name":"EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10429","display_name":"EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10667","display_name":"Emotion and Mood Recognition","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10581","display_name":"Neural dynamics and brain function","score":0.9952999949455261,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8259785175323486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wearable-computer","display_name":"Wearable computer","score":0.6006066203117371},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.5811403393745422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field-programmable-gate-array","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","score":0.5318785309791565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electroencephalography","display_name":"Electroencephalography","score":0.5053139328956604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/latency","display_name":"Latency (audio)","score":0.4847430884838104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inference","display_name":"Inference","score":0.4709646999835968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.46880462765693665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.40328270196914673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.34608685970306396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.3405327796936035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.32596713304519653}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8259785175323486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150594956","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1334829","display_name":"Wearable computer","level":2,"score":0.6006066203117371},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.5811403393745422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42935608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190411","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","level":2,"score":0.5318785309791565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C522805319","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179965","display_name":"Electroencephalography","level":2,"score":0.5053139328956604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82876162","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17096504","display_name":"Latency (audio)","level":2,"score":0.4847430884838104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776214188","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q408386","display_name":"Inference","level":2,"score":0.4709646999835968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.46880462765693665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.40328270196914673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.34608685970306396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.3405327796936035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.32596713304519653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.3012900","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3012900","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09151874.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"public-domain","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/public-domain","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:scholarbank.nus.edu.sg:10635/171887","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://scholarbank.nus.edu.sg/handle/10635/171887","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407052290","display_name":"National University of Singapore","issn_l":null,"issn":[],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Elements","raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:0f9dd3aaffb44cc695eef265a5f2799b","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/0f9dd3aaffb44cc695eef265a5f2799b","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 8, Pp 140896-140914 (2020)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.3012900","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3012900","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09151874.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"public-domain","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/public-domain","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.8100000023841858}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322334","display_name":"Khalifa University of Science, Technology and Research","ror":"https://ror.org/05hffr360"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3045520755.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3045520755.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":33,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1579490938","https://openalex.org/W1970727126","https://openalex.org/W2002055708","https://openalex.org/W2023059558","https://openalex.org/W2077697924","https://openalex.org/W2109662877","https://openalex.org/W2122098299","https://openalex.org/W2167557160","https://openalex.org/W2172654076","https://openalex.org/W2276486856","https://openalex.org/W2278113816","https://openalex.org/W2510280338","https://openalex.org/W2572280252","https://openalex.org/W2599124244","https://openalex.org/W2604319603","https://openalex.org/W2605367287","https://openalex.org/W2625457103","https://openalex.org/W2766507531","https://openalex.org/W2784019910","https://openalex.org/W2809121165","https://openalex.org/W2883927138","https://openalex.org/W2895904856","https://openalex.org/W2896297654","https://openalex.org/W2979985224","https://openalex.org/W2982299617","https://openalex.org/W2987046939","https://openalex.org/W3008359683","https://openalex.org/W3009120439","https://openalex.org/W3091424685","https://openalex.org/W6685214006","https://openalex.org/W6694717790","https://openalex.org/W6735963690","https://openalex.org/W6783945635"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2111241003","https://openalex.org/W2922348724","https://openalex.org/W200322357","https://openalex.org/W2130428257","https://openalex.org/W4200391368","https://openalex.org/W4308951944","https://openalex.org/W2210979487","https://openalex.org/W2074043759","https://openalex.org/W4293226380","https://openalex.org/W4225949190"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"EEG-based":[0,102],"emotion":[1,103,142,241,250],"classifiers":[2,31,49],"have":[3,32],"the":[4,9,24,45,58,66,146,183,213,232,247],"potential":[5],"of":[6,12,27,47,60,68,81,128,141,200,205,216,223],"significantly":[7],"improving":[8],"social":[10],"integration":[11],"patients":[13],"suffering":[14],"from":[15,160],"neurological":[16],"disorders":[17],"such":[18,48],"as":[19],"Amyotrophic":[20],"Lateral":[21],"Sclerosis":[22],"or":[23],"acute":[25],"stages":[26],"Alzheimer's":[28],"disease.":[29],"Emotion":[30],"historically":[33],"used":[34,173],"software":[35],"on":[36],"general-purpose":[37],"computers":[38],"and":[39,78,90,105,122,125,135,150,220],"operating":[40],"under":[41,174],"off-line":[42],"conditions.":[43],"Yet":[44],"wearability":[46,64],"is":[50,172,180,209,229,244],"a":[51,92,115,188,196,203,217,221],"must":[52],"if":[53],"they":[54],"are":[55,112],"to":[56,176],"enable":[57,74],"socialization":[59],"critical-care":[61],"patients.":[62],"Such":[63],"requires":[65],"use":[67,130],"low-power":[69],"hardware":[70,94],"accelerators":[71],"that":[72,208],"would":[73],"near":[75],"real-time":[76,214],"classification":[77,143],"extended":[79],"periods":[80],"operations.":[82],"In":[83],"this":[84],"article,":[85],"we":[86],"architect,":[87],"design,":[88],"implement,":[89],"test":[91],"handcrafted,":[93],"Convolutional":[95],"Neural":[96],"Network,":[97],"named":[98],"BioCNN,":[99,178],"optimized":[100],"for":[101,236],"detection":[104],"other":[106],"bio-medical":[107],"applications.":[108],"The":[109,192],"EEG":[110],"signals":[111],"generated":[113],"using":[114,164,182],"low-cost,":[116],"off-the-shelf":[117],"device,":[118,219],"namely,":[119],"Emotiv":[120],"Epoc+,":[121],"then":[123],"denoised":[124],"pre-processed":[126],"ahead":[127],"their":[129],"by":[131],"BioCNN.":[132],"For":[133],"training":[134,170],"testing,":[136],"BioCNN":[137],"uses":[138],"three":[139],"repositories":[140],"datasets,":[144,152],"including":[145],"publicly":[147],"available":[148],"DEAP":[149],"DREAMER":[151],"along":[153],"with":[154,187,212,246],"an":[155],"original":[156],"dataset":[157],"collected":[158],"in-house":[159],"5":[161],"healthy":[162],"subjects":[163],"standard":[165],"visual":[166],"stimuli.":[167],"A":[168],"subject-specific":[169],"approach":[171],"TensorFlow":[175],"train":[177],"which":[179,228],"implemented":[181],"Digilent":[184],"Atlys":[185],"Board":[186],"low-cost":[189],"Spartan-6":[190],"FPGA.":[191],"experimental":[193],"results":[194],"show":[195],"competitive":[197,245],"energy":[198],"efficiency":[199],"11":[201],"GOps/W,":[202],"throughput":[204],"1.65":[206],"GOps":[207],"in":[210],"line":[211],"specification":[215],"wearable":[218],"latency":[222],"less":[224],"than":[225,231],"1":[226],"ms,":[227],"smaller":[230],"150":[233],"ms":[234],"required":[235],"human":[237],"interaction":[238],"times.":[239],"Its":[240],"inference":[242],"accuracy":[243],"top":[248],"software-based":[249],"detectors.":[251]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}