{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3045123757","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3011003","title":"An Effective Bio-Signal-Based Driver Behavior Monitoring System Using a Generalized Deep Learning Approach","display_name":"An Effective Bio-Signal-Based Driver Behavior Monitoring System Using a Generalized Deep Learning Approach","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3045123757","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3011003","mag":"3045123757"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.3011003","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3011003","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09146560.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09146560.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066812191","display_name":"Atif Alamri","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1887-5193"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28022161","display_name":"King Saud University","ror":"https://ror.org/02f81g417","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28022161"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Atif Alamri","raw_affiliation_strings":["Software Engineering Department, College of Computer and Information Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1887-5193","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Software Engineering Department, College of Computer and Information Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28022161"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043393776","display_name":"Abdu Gumaei","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8512-9687"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28022161","display_name":"King Saud University","ror":"https://ror.org/02f81g417","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28022161"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36197038","display_name":"Taiz University","ror":"https://ror.org/03jwcxq96","country_code":"YE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36197038"]}],"countries":["SA","YE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abdu Gumaei","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science Department, Faculty of Applied Science, Taiz University, Yemen","Information Systems Department, College of Computer and Information Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8512-9687","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science Department, Faculty of Applied Science, Taiz University, Yemen","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36197038"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Information Systems Department, College of Computer and Information Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28022161"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017023860","display_name":"Mabrook Al\u2010Rakhami","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5343-8370"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28022161","display_name":"King Saud University","ror":"https://ror.org/02f81g417","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28022161"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mabrook Al-Rakhami","raw_affiliation_strings":["Information Systems Department, College of Computer and Information Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5343-8370","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Information Systems Department, College of Computer and Information Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28022161"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085933596","display_name":"Mohammad Mehedi Hassan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3479-3606"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28022161","display_name":"King Saud University","ror":"https://ror.org/02f81g417","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28022161"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohammad Mehedi Hassan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Information Systems Department, College of Computer and Information Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3479-3606","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Information Systems Department, College of Computer and Information Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28022161"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052648906","display_name":"Musaed Alhussein","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5538-6778"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28022161","display_name":"King Saud University","ror":"https://ror.org/02f81g417","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28022161"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Musaed Alhussein","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science Department, College of Computer and Information Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5538-6778","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science Department, College of Computer and Information Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28022161"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023424929","display_name":"Giancarlo Fortino","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4039-891X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45204951","display_name":"University of Calabria","ror":"https://ror.org/02rc97e94","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45204951"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Giancarlo Fortino","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Informatics, Modeling, Electronics, and Systems, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4039-891X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Informatics, Modeling, Electronics, and Systems, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45204951"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5066812191"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28022161"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":2.2409,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":34,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.8755773,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":null,"first_page":"135037","last_page":"135049"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11099","display_name":"Autonomous Vehicle Technology and Safety","score":0.9904999732971191,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11099","display_name":"Autonomous Vehicle Technology and Safety","score":0.9904999732971191,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11021","display_name":"ECG Monitoring and Analysis","score":0.987500011920929,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":0.9811999797821045,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8149212598800659},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cloud-computing","display_name":"Cloud computing","score":0.732296347618103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.6946399807929993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.6137792468070984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","score":0.5597321391105652},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.4963601231575012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/enhanced-data-rates-for-gsm-evolution","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","score":0.49431538581848145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.47858524322509766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/edge-computing","display_name":"Edge computing","score":0.4436868131160736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/the-internet","display_name":"The Internet","score":0.42483747005462646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.3289259076118469}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8149212598800659},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.732296347618103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.6946399807929993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.6137792468070984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779843651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7390335","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.5597321391105652},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.4963601231575012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162307627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q204833","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","level":2,"score":0.49431538581848145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.47858524322509766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778456923","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5337692","display_name":"Edge computing","level":3,"score":0.4436868131160736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.42483747005462646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3289259076118469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.3011003","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3011003","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09146560.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:28b2e35e930c4a139303c6b45ac1d557","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/28b2e35e930c4a139303c6b45ac1d557","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 8, Pp 135037-135049 (2020)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:zenodo.org:142533","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.openaccessrepository.it/record/142533","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402478","display_name":"INFM-OAR (INFN Catania)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210116497","host_organization_name":"Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Catania","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210116497"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.3011003","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3011003","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09146560.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.7900000214576721}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2391171904","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"12-BIO2831","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322997","funder_display_name":"King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5623307511","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"12-BIO2831-02","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335045","funder_display_name":"National Plan for Science, Technology and Innovation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322997","display_name":"King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05tdz6m39"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335045","display_name":"National Plan for Science, Technology and Innovation","ror":"https://ror.org/02f81g417"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3045123757.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3045123757.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":29,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W624312521","https://openalex.org/W1924770834","https://openalex.org/W2035761963","https://openalex.org/W2103618108","https://openalex.org/W2122582298","https://openalex.org/W2128678906","https://openalex.org/W2143612262","https://openalex.org/W2155808389","https://openalex.org/W2175528340","https://openalex.org/W2472352285","https://openalex.org/W2496457208","https://openalex.org/W2525939931","https://openalex.org/W2548996103","https://openalex.org/W2605751614","https://openalex.org/W2769044343","https://openalex.org/W2775333681","https://openalex.org/W2781765535","https://openalex.org/W2783256039","https://openalex.org/W2793233943","https://openalex.org/W2897709835","https://openalex.org/W2946699206","https://openalex.org/W2964199361","https://openalex.org/W2979723807","https://openalex.org/W2983900927","https://openalex.org/W2990258350","https://openalex.org/W3008084702","https://openalex.org/W6619818635","https://openalex.org/W6640212811","https://openalex.org/W6678323562"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4226493464","https://openalex.org/W4312417841","https://openalex.org/W3193565141","https://openalex.org/W3133861977","https://openalex.org/W2951211570","https://openalex.org/W3103566983","https://openalex.org/W3167935049","https://openalex.org/W3029198973","https://openalex.org/W2995938785","https://openalex.org/W4324372666"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Recent":[0],"years":[1],"have":[2],"seen":[3],"increasing":[4],"utilization":[5],"of":[6,14,23,29,44,76,106,144,166,208,219,261,271,286],"deep":[7,150,289],"learning":[8,290],"methods":[9,31],"to":[10,32,55,114],"analyze":[11],"large":[12],"collections":[13],"medical":[15,33,48,112],"data":[16,109],"and":[17,35,59,74,86,96,104,118,129,158,191,245,269,284],"signals":[18,34],"effectively":[19],"in":[20,133,180,187,196],"the":[21,45,123,163,171,181,183,188,192,197,209,255,265,275,282,287],"Internet":[22],"Medical":[24],"Things":[25],"(IoMT)":[26],"environment.":[27],"Application":[28],"these":[30,111],"images":[36],"can":[37,68],"help":[38],"caregivers":[39],"form":[40],"proper":[41],"decision-making.":[42],"One":[43],"important":[46],"IoMT":[47],"application":[49],"areas":[50],"includes":[51],"aggressive":[52,145,295],"driving":[53,116,146,172,294],"behaviors":[54,108,117,147,173,296],"mitigate":[56],"road":[57],"incidents":[58],"crashes.":[60],"Various":[61],"IoMT-enabled":[62],"body":[63],"sensors":[64,67],"or":[65],"camera":[66],"be":[69],"utilized":[70],"for":[71,125,141,292],"real-time":[72,102,142],"monitoring":[73,198],"detection":[75,94,143,174],"drivers'":[77,87,107],"bio-signal":[78,225,230,237,298],"status":[79],"such":[80],"as":[81],"heart":[82],"rate,":[83],"blood":[84],"pressure,":[85],"behaviors.":[88],"However,":[89],"it":[90],"requires":[91],"a":[92,97,138,149,202,215],"lightweight":[93],"module":[95,100,175,185,194],"powerful":[98],"training":[99,184],"with":[101,156,201],"storing":[103],"analysis":[105],"from":[110,234],"devices":[113,179],"detect":[115],"provides":[119],"instant":[120],"feedback":[121],"by":[122,239],"administrator":[124],"safety,":[126],"gas":[127],"emissions,":[128],"energy/fuel":[130],"consumption.":[131],"Therefore,":[132],"this":[134],"paper,":[135],"we":[136],"propose":[137],"bio-signal-based":[139],"system":[140,164,211],"using":[148,214,240,297],"convolutional":[151],"neural":[152],"network":[153],"(DCNN)":[154],"model":[155,207,258,291],"edge":[157,178],"cloud":[159,189],"technologies.":[160],"More":[161],"precisely,":[162],"consists":[165],"three":[167],"modules,":[168],"which":[169],"are":[170,232],"implemented":[176,186],"on":[177,221,264,274],"vehicle,":[182],"platform,":[190],"analyzing":[193],"placed":[195],"environment":[199],"connected":[200],"telecommunication":[203],"network.":[204],"The":[205,250,279],"DCNN":[206,257],"proposed":[210,256,288],"is":[212],"evaluated":[213],"holdout":[216],"test":[217],"set":[218],"30%":[220],"two":[222,228,241,246],"different":[223,242,247],"processed":[224,229,266,276],"datasets.":[226],"These":[227],"datasets":[231],"generated":[233],"our":[235],"collected":[236],"dataset":[238,267,277],"time":[243,248],"windows":[244],"steps.":[249],"experimental":[251],"results":[252,280],"show":[253],"that":[254],"achieves":[259],"73.02%":[260],"validation":[262,272],"accuracy":[263,273],"1":[268],"79.15%":[270],"2.":[278],"confirm":[281],"appropriateness":[283],"applicability":[285],"detecting":[293],"data.":[299]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}